Canadian Handbook of Practice for Architects - School of Architecture

436 Pages·2009·3.9 MB·English

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Volume 1 Volume 2
Theory and Background Management
8
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The Canadian Handbook of Practice for Architects
1999 Edition
National Practice Program for the Profession of Architecture in Canada
The National Practice Program (NPP) is an alliance of the ten provincial associations of architecture and
the Royal Architectural Institute of Canada (RAIC). This Handbook has been developed by the NPP on
behalf of the architectural profession in Canada, represented by these member associations:
Architectural Institute of British Columbia
Alberta Association of Architects
Saskatchewan Association of Architects
Manitoba Association of Architects
Ontario Association of Architects
Ordre des architectes du Québec
Architects’ Association of New Brunswick
Association des architectes du Nouveau-Brunswick
Nova Scotia Association of Architects
Architects Association of Prince Edward Island
Newfoundland Association of Architects
and
The Royal Architectural Institute of Canada
Editorial Board
John Bobaljik, OAA, FRAIC
Pierre Corriveau, OAQ
Michael Kohler, FRAIC
Terry Mager, MAIBC, MRAIC
Robert Ojolick, NSAA, MRAIC
Paul-André Tétreault, OAQ, FIRAC
Andrew Wach, MAA
Editor-in-Chief
Jon Hobbs, OAA, MRAIC
Managing Editor
Jim Young
Senior English Editor
Anthony Butler, OAA, FRAIC
Senior French Editor
Gilbert Paré, OAQ
Graphic Design
Aerographics Creative Services Inc.
Printing
Beauregard Printers
©1999 Members of the National Practice Program:
The Royal Architectural Institute of Canada and the Ten Provincial Associations of Architects
This Handbook may not be copied in whole or in part without the prior written permission of the Royal Architectural Institute
of Canada, except for the forms, lists, and checklists which may be copied only by architects who are registered recipients
or paid subscribers of the Handbook and who use the copies for the practice of architecture, all of which are subject to the
following disclaimer.
Disclaimer
The National Practice Program (NPP) supports the development and maintenance of the Canadian Handbook of Practice
for Architects; however, neither the NPP nor the Editorial Board, nor the Editors take responsibility for the accuracy or
completeness of any information or its fitness for any particular purpose. The Handbook describes procedures for general
practice only; there are exceptions and differences for specific circumstances.
Canadian
Handbook of
Practice
Architects
for
The National Practice Program gratefully acknowledges the following organizations
which supported the development of the Canadian Handbook of Practice for Architects:
Sponsors
Contributor
Canadian
Handbook of
Practice
forArchitects
T a b l e o f
Contents
Introduction Volume 2 Management
Acknowledgements
2.1 Management of the Practice
Photo Credits 2.1.1 Organization of an Architectural Practice
2.1.2 Succession Planning
Index
2.1.3 Public Relations and Marketing
Index of Lists, Checklists, and Charts
2.1.4 Financial Management
2.1.5 Office Administration
2.1.6 Communications
Volume 1 Theory and Background
2.1.7 Human Resources
1.1 The Architectural Profession 2.1.8 Quality Management
1.1.1 The Architect as a Professional 2.1.9 Risk Management and Professional Liability
1.1.2 Professional Conduct and Ethics 2.1.10 Architectural Services and Fees
1.1.3 Admission to the Profession 2.2 Standard Forms for the Management
1.1.4 The Organization of the Profession in Canada of the Practice
1.1.5 International Architectural Organizations
- Guide to the Use of the Forms
1.1.6 The Role of the Architect
- Forms
1.2 The Construction Industry
2.3 Management of the Project
1.2.1 The Construction Industry
2.3.1 Management of the Project
1.2.2 The Client and Users
2.3.2 Types of Construction Project Delivery
1.2.3 Consultants
2.3.3 Cost Planning and Control
1.2.4 Building Regulations and Authorities
2.3.4 Pre-design
Having Jurisdiction
2.3.5 Schematic Design
1.2.5 Standards Organizations, Certification
2.3.6 Design Development
and Testing Agencies, and Trade Associations
2.3.7 Construction Documents — Drawings
2.3.8 Construction Documents — Specifications
2.3.9 Construction Procurement
2.3.10 Contract Administration — Office Functions
2.3.11 Contract Administration — Field Functions
2.3.12 Take-over Procedures, Commissioning, and
Post-occupancy Evaluations
2.4 Standard Forms for the Management
of the Project
- Guide to the Use of the Forms
- Forms
Introduction
The practice of architecture requires a wide range of professional skills. These include: the knowledge and skill
to design buildings; a thorough understanding of sound and economical construction; proficiency in the
application of business and legal principles; and the ability to motivate, coordinate, and manage a complex
group of participants. The architect must be designer, construction expert, and manager. It is hoped that this
new edition of the Canadian Handbook of Practice for Architects will contribute to improving the practice of
architecture and, consequently, help to improve the built environment and architecture in Canada.
The Canadian Handbook of Practice for Architectsis the result of a great collaborative effort by the architectural
profession from every region of the country. This edition has been developed and published in both official
languages.
Objectives of the Canadian Handbook of Practice
The Handbook is for practising architects and those who plan on becoming architects. With these users in
mind, the Handbook’s objectives are to:
• provide an instructional resource book for architectural students and intern architects;
• establish a reference document to assist architects in Canada by providing concise and current information.
The Handbook includes information and advice, in the form of summaries, lists, checklists, charts, and sample
documents, as well as sources of additional reference material.
History
In March of 1974, the Ontario Association of Architects (OAA) initiated the production of a Canadian Handbook of
Practice for Architects, specifically tailored to Canadian architectural practice. J. Hugh Westren,the Editor of the
first edition, was commissioned in June 1974 to start work on a Handbook of national scope. The first edition
was published in 1976. In the early 1990s, some revisions were made to a few sections of the Handbook.
Many of these revisions were reprinted from information provided by The American Institute of Architects.
In January of 1997, the National Practice Program — an alliance of the ten provincial associations of
architects and the Royal Architectural Institute of Canada — appointed a national Editorial Board to direct
the creation of a new, updated edition of the Canadian Handbook of Practice for Architects. The National
Practice Program approved a business plan for this venture in June of 1998 with the development costs being
underwritten by every provincial association of architects. Editors were appointed, and the writing and editing
of this new edition commenced in the fall of 1998.
Format
Volume 1 Theory and Background
Volume 1 is an overview of the architectural profession and architectural practice. The 11 chapters in this
section provide theory and background information to the architectural profession and an introduction to
the business and professional environment in which an architect works.
Canadian Handbook of Practice for Architects September 1999
Volume 2 Management
Volume 2 is divided into two sections: Management of the Practice and Management of the Project. Each of
the 22 chapters contains instructional and descriptive information as well as checklists and some sample
forms for the practitioner to use and modify. The forms are also provided in electronic format on a 3-1/2 inch
computer disk. Additional forms are provided in CCDC 24: A Guide to Model Forms and Support Documents
contained in Volume 3.
Volume 1 and Volume 2 are also provided in electronic format on a CD-ROM.
Volume 3 Other Resources
Volume 3 contains standard documents used by the profession and the construction industry in Canada. For
reference purposes, the user should obtain and insert all relevant documents which are not provided.
In addition, tabs have been provided to permit users to insert information supplied by the provincial
associations of architects and the Royal Architectural Institute of Canada, as well as other relevant reference
material. Order forms for other resource material have been included.
Improving the Handbook
Our profession and society as a whole are experiencing a rapid rate of change; as a result, the Handbook will
require constant revision and improvement.
Your suggestions about information which should be added, or existing material which should be revised, are
welcome. Written suggestions and comments should be addressed to:
The National Practice Program
c/o The Royal Architectural Institute of Canada
55 Murray Street, Suite 330
Ottawa, Ontario K1N 5M3
Updating the Handbook
The National Practice Program intends to issue regular updates to the Canadian Handbook of Practice for
Architects by subscription. Details of the subscription program will be described in future bulletins and
newsletters of the provincial associations of architects and the Royal Architectural Institute of Canada.
Thank You’s
I would like to thank everyone who contributed to this Handbook, including all of the many writers. The
members of the Editorial Board, who were frequently asked to review great volumes of text at short notice,
are to be congratulated for providing insightful comments and suggestions. I also want to thank Tony Butler,
Senior English Editor, who reviewed the chapters for correct architectural practice and procedures, and
Gilbert Paré, Senior French Editor, who not only kept us informed about the distinctions of architectural
practice in Québec but also translated much of the Handbook into French. Finally, I would like to thank
the tremendous effort and dedication of the Managing Editor, Jim Young, whose skills as a journalist, writer,
and publications manager contributed to the timeliness and success of this publication. It has been an
honour to be a part of this team.
Jon Hobbs, OAA, MRAIC
Editor-in-Chief
September 1999 Canadian Handbook of Practice for Architects
Canadian
Handbook of
Practice
Architects
for
Acknowledgements
The members of the National Practice Program Thomas Emodi, B.Arch., M.E.S., NSAA, RAIC, is
gratefully acknowledge the following individuals principal of Thomas Emodi: Architect operating
who have contributed to the creation of the in Canada and Australia, and a professor and the
Canadian Handbook of Practice for Architects: Dean of Faculty of Architecture at Dalhousie
University in Halifax, Nova Scotia.
Douglas K. Allen, B.Arch., OAA, FRAIC, is a
Michael A. Ernest, MAIBC, is the Director of
partner in Allen & Sherriff, Inc. with offices in
Professional Services of the Architectural Institute
Richmond Hill, Ontario and Mississauga, Ontario.
of British Columbia.
Gordon Archibald is a lawyer and an associate
Martin Gerskup, B.Arch., OAA, MRAIC, is principal
at NelliganPower, in Ottawa, Ontario, practising
of the building science firm, Best Consultants, and
in the area of business law with special emphasis
sole practitioner, Martin Gerskup Architect, based
on the needs of technology companies.
in Richmond Hill, Ontario.
John Bobaljik, B.Arch., OAA, FRAIC, is the
Daniel B. Goodspeed, B.Arch., NSAA, MRAIC,
Practice Advisor at the Ontario Association of
is a partner in Kassner/Goodspeed Architects,
Architects, in Toronto, Ontario.
based in Halifax, Nova Scotia.
Paule Boutin, B.Arch., OAQ, is a sole practitioner
Charles Hazell, B.Arch., OAA, is a partner at
based in Montréal, Québec.
Taylor/Hazell Architects Ltd. (1992), Architects
and Restoration Consultants, in Toronto, Ontario.
Anthony Butler, B.Arch., OAA, FRAIC, is a sole
practitioner based in Hamilton, Ontario.
Lloyd A. Hilgers, B.A., M.Arch., MBA, OAA,
MRAIC, is a partner in Murphy Hilgers Architects
Richard Coulombe, B.Arch., M.Sc., OAQ, MPMI,
Inc. of Toronto, Ontario.
is an architect and project management
professional in Scéno Plus (experts in theatre
Jon Hobbs, B.Arch., M.Pl., OAA, MRAIC, is
and entertainment projects) in Montréal, Québec
currently the Advisor, Professional Services,
and also is a consultant in project management.
for the National Practice Program and the
Committee of Canadian Architectural Councils,
John G. Davies, B.Arch., C.Arb., OAA, MRAIC,
in Ottawa, Ontario.
is President of John G. Davies, Architect,
Incorporated, based in Ottawa, Ontario.
François Hogue, B.Arch., M.Sc., is a staff
architect with Desnoyers Mercure & associés
Peter Dobbing, B.Arch., MRAIC, FCSC, RSW, is a
based in Montréal, Québec.
retired architect and a Life Member of Construction
Specifications Canada, in Ottawa, Ontario.
Canadian Handbook of Practice for Architects September 1999
Allen N. Humphries, B.E.S., B.Arch., OAA, is Hershel B. Okun, B.Arch., OAA, MRAIC, is a sole
an employee of Webb Zerafa Menkès Housden practitioner and President of Okun Architect Inc.,
Partnership in Toronto, Ontario and owner of in Toronto, Ontario.
Aleph 5, a consulting company.
Richard O’Reilly is a lawyer and a partner at
Robert Lacoste, B.Arch., OAQ, MRAIC, is NelliganPower, in Ottawa, Ontario, practising
a partner in the firm Fichten Soiferman et in the areas of business law and commercial
Associés, architectes in Montréal, Québec. real estate.
Rick Linley, M.Arch., MAA, MRAIC, PMP, is a Gilbert Paré, M.Arch., OAQ, is a sole practitioner
principal and Quality System Manager with Smith in Montréal, Québec, specializing in architectural
Carter Architects and Engineers Incorporated, in translation and writing.
Winnipeg, Manitoba.
Stephen F. Pope, B.E.S., B.Arch., OAA, MRAIC,
Terry Mager, MAIBC, MRAIC, is a director in is a sole practitioner in Ottawa, Ontario.
Pacific Architectural Group Inc., in Vancouver,
British Columbia. Jak G.P. Redenbach, B.Sc., B.Arch., MAIBC,
MRAIC, AIA (Associate), practises architecture
Vivian Manasc, MBA, MRAIC, is principal of in Vancouver, British Columbia.
Manasc Isaac Architects and is Adjunct Assistant
Professor of Architecture at the University of Roger Bruno Richard, B.A., B.Arch., M.Arch.,
Calgary. OAQ, MRAIC, is Associate Professor and Director
of the École d’architecture at the Université de
Dorothy Mazeau, OAA, MRAIC, is President of Montréal in Montréal, Québec.
Allen Mazeau Associates, in Bolton, Ontario, a
firm offering development services, with a focus N. Gerald Rolfsen, B.Arch., M.Arch., D.Arch.,
on community development. MAIBC, FRAIC, is a principal in the consulting
firm, The APRA Group Inc., in Vancouver, British
Robert J. McCrea, B.Arch., OAA, FRAIC, is Columbia.
a sole practitioner based in Toronto, Ontario.
Manfred Schulz, B.E.S., MBA, CMA, is the Chief
Peter McLaren, B.Arch., OAA, MRAIC, is a Operating Officer for GBR Architects Limited in
shareholder and associate principal of Dunlop Winnipeg, Manitoba.
Farrow Inc. Architects and is based in the DFA
Toronto office. J. Brian Sim, B.A. (Hons), B.Arch., MAIBC,
FRAIC, HON. FAIA, HON. FCARM, is a principal
David Molyneux, D.Arch., RIBA, OAA, works as of Tielker Sim & Associates, Architecture,
a development consultant with CB Richard Ellis Planning and Interior Design in Vancouver,
and also provides design-build services as David British Columbia.
Molyneux Architect, in Toronto, Ontario.
Jean-Luc Vadeboncoeur, B.Arch., OAQ, is
John A. Neilson, MAIBC, FRAIC, is principal of a project manager and head of design studio
John A. Neilson Architects Inc., Victoria, British at Les architectes Dupuis Dubuc et associés,
Columbia and Past President (1998-99) of the in Montréal, Québec.
Architectural Institute of British Columbia.
Grant Van Iderstine, B.Arch., MAA, MRAIC,
David Northcote, B.E.S., B.Arch., OAA, MRAIC, is a principal with Smith Carter Architects and
is a senior associate in Reich + Petch Architects Engineers Incorporated, a multi-disciplinary
Inc. based in Toronto, Ontario and a Vice A/E firm based in Winnipeg, Manitoba.
President of Reich + Petch Design International
with offices in Toronto, Ontario and London, John R. White, B.E.S., M.Arch., MAA, MRAIC,
England. works as a senior architect with Public Works
and Government Services Canada providing
Robert Northcott, B.Arch., NSAA, is a partner in in-house architectural services to Parks Canada,
Lydon Lynch Architects Limited based in Halifax, in Winnipeg, Manitoba.
Nova Scotia.
September 1999 Canadian Handbook of Practice for Architects
Photo Credits
Photo Credits
The following photographs of details of buildings or “building fragments” have been used throughout
this Handbook.
Architect: A.J. Diamond, Donald Schmitt Architect: Douglas J. Cardinal, Architect
and Company, Architects and Tétreault, Parent,
Building: Richmond Hill Central Library Languedoc et Associés
Photographer: Steven Evans Building: Canadian Museum of Civilization
Photographer: Corel Stock Photo Library
Architect: Annie Lebel, architecte
Stéphane Pratte, architecte Architect: Florian Maurer Architect Ltd.
Building: Zone Building: Tr’ondek Hwech’in
Cultural Centre
Photographer: Florian Maurer Architect Ltd.
Architect: Arthur Erickson, Architect
Building: Roy Thomson Hall
Photographer: Corel Stock Photo Library Architect: Hughes Baldwin, Architects
Building: Renfrew Branch Library
Photographer: Gary Otte
Architect: Brian MacKay-Lyons
Architecture + Urban Design
Building: House on the Nova Scotia Coast Architect: Kuwabara Payne McKenna
Photographer: Jamie Steeves Blumberg Architects
Building: Kitchener City Hall
& Civic Square
Architect: Busby + Associates Architects
Photographer: Steven Evans
Building: Revenue Canada Office Building
Photographer: Martin Tessler
Architect: Kuwabara Payne McKenna
Blumberg Architects
Architect: Cormier, Cohen, Davies
Building: Grand Valley Institution
architectes (Atelier Big City)
for Women
Building: Parc de l’aventure basque
Photographer: Steven Evans
en Amérique
Photographer: Big City
Architect: Larry McFarland Architects Limited
Building: First Nations Longhouse,
Architect: Dan S. Hanganu, Architects
University of British Columbia
Building: Pavillon de design, Université
Photographer: Steven Evans; Malak
du Québec à Montréal
Photographs Ltd.
Photographer: Michel Brunelle
Architect: Levitt Goodman Architects Ltd.
Architect: Darling and Pearson, Architects
Building: Strachan House
Building: Canadian Bank of Commerce
Photographer: Robert Burley / Design Archive
Photographer: Corel Stock Photo Library
Canadian Handbook of Practice for Architects September 1999
Photo Credits
Architect: MacFawn and Rogers Architect: Peter Cardew Architect
Architects Limited Building: Odium Drive Live-Work Studios
Building: HMCS Sackville Photographer: Peter Cardew Architect
Interpretation Centre
Architect: Saia et Barbarese architectes
Architect: MacLennan Jaunkalns Miller Building: Centre Sportif de la
Architects Limited Petite-Bourgogne
Building: Rotary Park Pool Photographer: Michel Brunelle
Architect: Montgomery and Sisam Architects Architect: Saucier + Perrotte, architectes
Building: Humber River Bicycle Building: Résidence Mercille
Pedestrian Bridge
Photographer: Design Archive / Robert Burley
Architect: Saucier + Perrotte architectes
Building: La Cinémathèque québécoise
Architect: Moshe Safdie; Associate Photographer: Éric Piché
Architects: David, Barott, Boulva
Building: Habitat ’67
Architect: Shim-Sutcliffe Architects
Photographer: Corel Stock Photo Library
Building: Ledbury Park
Photographer: James Dow, Michael Awad
Architect: Moshe Safdie in joint venture
with Parkins Partnership;
Architect: Stephen Teeple, Architect
Associate Architects:
Building: Burt C. Matthews Hall Addition
Desnoyers, Mercure
Photographer: Richard Jonston
Building: National Gallery of Canada
Photographer: Corel Stock Photo Library
Architect: Thomas Fuller, Architect
Building: Library of Parliament of Canada
Architect: Osburn Cotnam Associates,
Photographer: Corel Stock Photo Library
Architects in joint venture
with Dunlop Farrow Aitken
Cansfield Inc. Architects (now Architect: Viljo Revell and John B. Parkin
Osburn Cotnam Belair Architects); (now known as NORR Partnership
Dunlop Farrow Inc. Architects Limited)
Building: Ministry of Correctional Services, Building: Toronto City Hall
Head Office Photographer: Panda Associates
Photographer: Panda Photography Ltd.
Architect: Webb Zerafa Menkes
Architect: Peter Cardew Architect Housden Partnership
Building: Morris and Helen Belkin Building: Royal Bank Plaza, Toronto
Art Gallery, University Photographer: Corel Stock Photo Library
of British Columbia
Photographer: Timothy Hursley
Architect: Zeidler Roberts
Partnership / Architects
Architect: Peter Cardew Architect Building: Columbus Center of Marine
Building: House in West Vancouver Research and Exploration
Photographer: Peter Cardew Architect Photographer: Michael Dersin
September 1999 Canadian Handbook of Practice for Architects