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CANADA AND HONG KONG UPDATE
s.
SPRING 1990
Introducing the Research Project: Goals and Directions
traditional pattern ofstart-at-the- Material for the updates is
by Diana Lary bottom migration. The growth provided by a number of
Toronto in the size and sophistication of correspondents in Canada, the
the Chinese Canadian community United States, Hong Kong, China
Hong Kong is becoming is also likely to have an impact and the United Kingdom. The
increasingly significant for on our relations with China as project will also sponsor a series
Canada. During the last decade, this group ofpeople makes its ofacademic workshops,
trade with China, for which voice heard; in last year's coordinated by Canadian
Hong Kong is the major demonstrations over the Chinese researchers, which will produce
entrepot, has increased. The student movement and the short, readable publications on
desire to leave Hong Kong Peking Massacre, the Chinese specialised topics. The overall
before the territory's return to Canadian community played a intention ofthe project is to
Chinese sovereignty in 1997 has leading role. On another plane, provide objective, consistent
made Canada an ever more the unprecedented return of information which may be useful
important immigration millions ofpeople to an in ensuring that Canadian
destination. In 1989, 19,994 authoritarian government raises involvement with Hong Kong
people landed in Canada from concerns over citizenship, human develops as smoothly and as
Hong Kong, almost half the rights and legal issues in Hong beneficially as possible.
people who left the territory; Kong. These will assume References to materials on all
similar figures are expected for considerable importance both in aspects ofthe Canada-Hong
the foreseeable future. Canada's light ofCanada's traditional Kong relations are being
long involvement and fascination concern for such issues, and the collected from many Canadian,
with China has been reflected in large numbers ofpeople here American, British and Hong
the academic world by serious with close personal connections Kong sources to be stored in a
study of the country and our to Hong Kong. bibliographic database in the
relationship with it. This study These issues require serious, project office.
has focused on China as a objective academic study,
whole, with very little attention especially in a climate which is
to Hong Kong as a discrete sometimes overheated. The
territory. Though the territory unfolding situation also needs to
has always been predominantly be monitored regularly, in order In This Issue...
Chinese, recent developments to analyse it in terms of
mean that it must now be treated Canadian interests, and to Visa Students in Ontario
as a distinct entity. provide a running record ofa
isIhmamviignrgataiomnajforromimHpoacntgoKnong oflfuitdhesiptruoajteicotn.'s Ttrhii-saninsuatlheupfdirasttes Immigration Statistics
Cseatntaldeam.entTihsesruees,araessaignliafrigce,antwell ownhiHchonwgillKocnogveransdomCaenatdopai,cs Democratization in Hong Kong
qualified and relatively affluent (viz immigration, trade, The Basic Law Explicated
group of immigrants comes in; settlement) at regular intervals,
this is a change from the and others as they arise.
per
F1029.5
H6 C36
Immigration Statistics
by Diana Lary
Toronto
Over the past two years, the
number of immigration
applications received at the
Canadian Commission in Hong
Kong has risen steeply, from
15,334 in 1988 to 29,584 in
1989. The unsetUing effect of
the Tiananmen Massacre in
Peking on June 4th, 1989 on
Hong Kong shows up clearly:
Quarter
CANADA AND HONG KONG UPDATE 1997 and Emigration increased. Nevertheless, given
in Hong Kong the present immigration
Editors Diana Lory regulations of major host
StephanieGould by Lau Siu-kai and Wan Po-san countries and the time required
Illustration JoeBurdzy Hong Kong ntoumpbreocresosfappepolpilceatiloenasv,intghethe
Design StephanieGould The increasing exodus territory in the next two or three
years is expected to be between
Contributors HHPahoir-lryiiipentCaCClhlveoeumrntpgus ChDiensepsieteGotvheerpnrmoemnitseanodf the 55I,n00t0heanmdea6n0t,i0m0e0,aemyiegarra.tion-
Keung-singHo constitutional measures designed linked investment companies and
pCuabnliasdhaedatnhdreeHotinmgesCTKahaononywegXairYaUiopbnbdygiantgtWheoenigs ctsKootournunmctgatriuynur,tenadtiaewnnrodtthshleyeisfeetfxseoitmrsysltm"eiusnlgfaoofrs"ooHcfiniofaetnlyg cdsmreacesrhapketeemirtneagstfeoaartrgoetrhgoioenwstciernaegwahsspieoancsgoasnrpadeonrdt
CJSouaiinntatedCa2e0na0tKnr,deAHfdoormniAgnsiisKatornPaagtciivPfreiocjSetSctutud,diieess,Bldg. ryheeatasurrsdnraiofvfteenrHoa1nn9g9i7n,KcortenhaegsisntcogheCndhuuimlnbeader pcsoeaulsnestcprtoiireotsn.bcurtiMtaecraninaynoostfecmmoaenjedot-rrtuhhnoegst
York University,4700KeeleSt., of Hong Kong people to obtain a countries havejoined in to cash
CNoArtNhADYoArk,M3OnJta1riPo3, afobroediegninpaassfpoorretigonrcroiugnhttryo.f ifnroomntthheetcearpriittoarly.andSobmreain(e.dgr.ain
FTaexl:ephone: ((441166))773366--55768847 Femriogmrat1e9d80attoar1o9u8n6d,2p0e,o0p0l0e a ShianvgeapeoarseedanthdeiSromuitghraAtfiroinca)
year. The annual outflow of regulations to lure capital and
CANADAANDHONG KONG PROJECT e3m0i,g0r0a0ntisn r1o9s8e7taonadpp4r6o,x0i0m0atienly pwrhoifleessoitohnearlss(aen.gd.sTkoinllgead awnordkers,
Director Diana Lary 1988. The most popular Belize) are simply "selling"
CAodovridsionraytoBroard DSetenpihsaeniCehoGnoguld dtehestiUnnaittieodn Sctoautnetsrioefs AarmeerCiacnaadaan,d poEafusrstophpoeretacsno.mEmcAonotnniocmmiiaparctkieCntogmotmfhuetnhiseettyup
JEoh.hnBHeringigeinFbroollihcam Australia in 1992, the latest trend in the
Dr. T.G.McGee passport market is to buy
GraemeMcDonald property in Portugal and Spain
JulesNadeau 1987 1988 and then apply for residency.
DDrr.. WWialnlgiamGuSnaygwweull TCAouatsnatalrdalaia*2427..363810000 1549...980490030 31606...401207000 42925.^38300002 The internationalsafety net
Wewant tothanktheDonnerCanadian L'iA." 8.530 7.473 8.517 11,394
Fwohuincdhathiaosnmfoardeitsthviesryprgojeencetropuosssisbulpe.porTthe 9SouSrecpet:embHeorng198K9o;ngNiGaovUearngmaeanut.' 1t5askMufocrhce1o9n90. haTshaeproitseinntgiatlrleyndcattoasetmriogprhiaction
CFaounnaddaat'isoni'nstelronantgi-osntaalndrienlgatiionntserewsitthinAsia '"NBuymbMearrcohf,mithgeraHnotsngresKiodninggbianckAlusotgraalimao.untedto impact on the prosperity and
hcaosnsiednearblteodbuesotfogrceoantduscitgnriefsiecaarncchefwohricthhewe noUefnairHtloeydng5S0t,aKr0oe0ns0gCopInefgorpaelnesystoocfattnhheebeSrtelafetogeirssmlwaibtlielldl,iintbcherefeoaorsueetftlhoew bsteacbiolmiteyoonfethoefttehrerimtoarjyoransdochiaals
futureofthecountry. accordingly. concerns. On the one hand,
In view ofHong Kong's return owing to the immigration
to Chinese sovereignty after policies of the host countries, the
1997, people are watching the majority ofemigrants are either
sociopolitical situation of the the well-off(who are usually
mainland and the words and qualified to emigrate by investing
In the Next Issue... deeds ofthe Chinese political no less than CS150,000 in the
leaders closely. The June 4 host country), or key personnel
StIanttuesrvDiieswlowciatthioAnutfohrorImSmkiygrLaenets Toasunnibdastnehtaeqhneumpeetrnnootu-gpdSohqelumieatocirccoeranalomcacmysrisacmacockavrudeeso,tmweerntnihttey amiirnneedetethmpeaetinhlndealebynvoitushraimgifchgorlrriycateenretid(sauwcaohanfotdedcw,anho
Torontians Responses to Tiananmen programme in China, and the ymoanuangge,riparlofeasnsdionaadlm,initescthrnaitciavle,
promulgation of the final draft of
the Basic Law have significantly workers). In 1988, the capital
depressed Hong Kong people's outflow to Canada alone
cfuotnufried.enTceheinnuthmebetrerroiftoprye'osple aDmegoruenetehdoltdoerCsS2m.a4debilulpion1.5% of
inquiring and applying for the emigrants while only 3.5% of
emigration visas has drastically the population had this level of
UPDATE 3
1997 and Emigration prevailing viewpoints. In the thereby constructing an
Frompage3 first place, a healthy economy is international safety net for Hong
regarded as the key to the future Kong people should needs arise.
educational attainment. Of all ofHong Kong. As a result, the In this connection, the changes
employed emigrants, 33.6% were rationale adopted by the to the Singaporean immigration
professional and technical lobbyists, especially the business policy made last July are a
workers, 16.2% were leaders and overseas Chambers significant breakthrough. Right
administrative and managerial of Commerce, is generally based ofabode will be granted to
workers, as compared to 7.4% on the bilateral economic / 25,000 Hong Kong skilled
and 3.8% respectively of the interests between the destination workers. Successful applicants
labour force was in these country and the territory. The have up to five years to relocate
occupational categories. Surveys anxiety, helplessness and the in Singapore. By February,
ofprofessional associations future of the general public are 20,038 people had applied and
published in the past few months deemed to be of less significance 16,691 applications have been
illustrated further the seriousness than the maintenance of approved.
ofbrain drain - e.g. 85% of the economic prosperity by retaining Yet the nationality package
local members ofthe Royal key personnel ofthe labour proposed by the British
Institute ofChartered Surveyors, force. In the second place, the Government to grant British
80% of the members of the major objective is to secure an passports to a selected 50,000
Hong Kong Society of exit route for insurance instead Hong Kong residents and their
Accountants, and 60% ofthe of immediate escape. This in dependents (a total ofabout
members of the Law Society fact coincides with the dilemma 225,000 beneficiaries) has
expressed their intention to leave of Hong Kong people. On the become a matter ofcontroversy.
the territory. The accelerating one hand, people generally In Britain, it might still be
outflow ofemigrants not only distrust the Chinese government, rejected or substantially revised
would threaten the economy, lack confidence in Hong Kong's by Parliament and repealed later
increase the emigration future and are desperate for a by the Labour Party when it is
propensity ofthose staying foreign passport. On the other in power [ihe bill has since been
behind, but also would dampen hand, apart from the difficulties passed]. In Hong Kong, due to
the morale and confidence of ofadaptation, it is quite common the limited quota of the package,
those who do not want to or for emigrants (particularly a majority ofpeople will still be
cannot qualify to emigrate. professional, managerial and excluded from the scheme.
In view of the alarming administrative workers) to Under the proposed selection
problem and its negative effects experience downward social criteria, priority is to be given to
on the territory, collective efforts mobility in destination countries. those who probably are qualified
have been made by the Hence people generally want a to obtain other foreign passports.
Government and the private passport to stay more than a Therefore, the package is likely
sector (especially the business passport to leave. In a similar to be socially divisive and may
leaders) to help arrest the vein, the length ofresidency thus intensify the confidence
worsening brain drain and boost required by the immigration crisis. To the Chinese
confidence in the run-up to 1997. regulations ofhost countries Government, the package and the
For example, studies have been (called by Hong Kong people as internationalization of the Hong
commissioned to examine the "emigrant imprisonment") is one Kong issue have made Beijing
impact ofemigration and ofthe major concerns in lose face. China also sees a
possible strategies for retaining considering the destination of conspiracy of the British
key personnel ofthe labour emigration. Government either to retain her
force. Campaigns have been Restoring the right ofabode in influence on the territory after
launched to lobby foreign Britain is thus not only regarded 1997, or to destabilize the
countries for granting passports by the concerned parties in Hong Special Administrative Region
orright of abode for Hong Kong Kong as the moral and legal (SAR) by draining its talent.
people. Emigrant businessmen responsibility of the British After the June 4 event, Chinese
and professionals have been Government for all of the 3.25 officials have taken a tough
encouraged to return to Hong million Hong Kong British stance on the nationality issue of
Kong after gaining the security passport holders, it is also seen Hong Kong. They oppose the
ofa second passport. An to be the first necessary step to plan fiercely because ifan
unprecedented expansion of lobby other countries to offer increasing number of foreign
infrastructural development and similar "delayed action" passport passports are granted to
higher education are planned. schemes (packages that do not
The foci and strategies of these require the passport holder to
campaigns are shaped by two relocate immediately to qualify),
4 UPDATE
Frompage4 seriousness that prompts the
British and Chinese Governments
Hong Kong people without the to take measures to deal with the
requirement ofresidency, then problem. Nevertheless, major
after 1997 Hong Kong might efforts carried out to stem brain
become a place administered by drain might at best serve their
people of foreign nationalities. purpose to anchor people in
Ifthese foreign passport holders Hong Kong up to or before
stay in Hong Kong after 1997, 1997. Without any firm
their loyalty to China will be structural assurance ofthe
held in suspicion. If they choose autonomy of the territory and the
to leave on the eve of the establishment of mutual
takeover, which is very likely understanding and trust between
according to the findings of China and Hong Kong (and
opinion surveys, the functioning assuming that the favourite host
of the territory may be countries continue to receive
jeopardized. Both possible immigrants from Hong Kong),
outcomes will undoubtedly be to these efforts might only delay
the detriment of the interests of the problem ofemigration
Crihgihnta.ofIanbordeespiosnsduie,ngthteoCthhienese instead ofsolving it. /
Government has imposed more
nationality restrictions on key
government officials and
legislators of the SAR; stressed
the contradiction between the
package and the nationality law Immigration Stats
ofChina (which does not
recognize dual nationality, does Frompage2
not recognize foreign passports
obtained without residence departure for Canada. Landings
requirements, regards all Hong in Canada therefore include
Kong people residing in the many people who were approved
territory as Chinese nationals the year before. Total landings
unless they have renounced their for 1988 were 23,286, for 1989
Chinese nationality, and forbids 19,994. The decline in
state employers to renounce their independent immigrants shows up
Chinese nationality); and again - 8,669 of 19,994 (43.36%)
emphasized the point that in 1989, as opposed to 13,739 of
passports issued under the 23,286 (59%) in 1988.
scheme will not be recognized
by the Chinese Government. Immigrants, bv class
Besides, it is expected that one-
third of the quota of the package
will be allocated to civil
servants, the backbone ofthe
government bureaucracy. While
the package is not accepted by
the Chinese Government, a
nationality and loyalty dilemma
for civil servants, whose present
terms of employment do not
restrict them from holding
foreign passports, may thus be
created.
By and large, the accelerating
trend ofemigration has affected
the function and development of
the territory. Yet it is its
Adjusting to Life in Canada: Visa Students in Ontario
by Stephanie Gould bank, is quoted in the South the first challenge for most
Toronto ChinaMorningPost, March 8, students on arrival in Canada is
1990, as saying "the low cost of to learn English well enough to
"In the late 1970s and early tuition for foreign students is a qualify for university entrance. In
1980s, a large number ofthe major attraction [to Canada]." Hong Kong, while "primary
students who studied abroad But-few students are prepared education is mostly in Chinese,
returned to Hong Kong to live for what they encounter in and secondary education is
and work after the completion of Canadian schools and mostly in English," students and
their studies; but in recent years, universities. "Actually when I teachers have great difficulty
there are indications that more think about it, I didn't have very with the transition, writes
and more are not returning, much preparation," said Evelyn Bernard Luk in The OtherHong
probably out ofpersonal or Man, a Ph.D. student at the Kong Report. The result is that
family concern for 1997." Ontario Institute for Studies in in Anglo-Chinese schools,
Education. "I knew very little textbooks and exams are in
Bernard Hung-kay Luk, about everything in Canada. English, but Cantonese is spoken
"Education" in Before you come the Canadian in the classroom, he explains.
The OtherHong KongReport, consulate arranges some sort ofa Jane Sims, English as a
1989. briefing session in which you Second Language (ESL) teacher
can ask questions. But actually at Sir Sandford Fleming
In 1989, more of Hong Kong's you don't even know which Secondary School in North York,
students chose to study abroad questions to ask." Man is Ontario, where 72 percent of
than ever before and more chose determined to return to her visa students are from Hong
to study in Canada than in any country to live and work, but she Kong, says that they are very
other country. Last year, 5,096 doesn't know whether she will dedicated to their school work.
students from Hong Kong stay after 1997. She describes "In spite of homesickness and
obtained visas to study in herselfas committed to the culture shock and goodness
Canadian secondary and post- territory despite apprehensions knows what difficulties with the
secondary institutions, an about its future. language, they work extremely
increase of34 percent over 1988. "Be prepared for a much freer hard and the success rate is very
Students from the territory now kind ofatmosphere," said Man high."
make up the largest group of when asked if she has any Tarn Goossen, School Trustee
foreign students in Canada, with advice for students in Hong for the Toronto Board of
a total ofabout 14,000. Like all Kong who are considering Education who came from Hong
others studying in Canada on a studying in Canada. "I don't Kong 20 years ago, says visa
visa, students from Hong Kong think a lot of Hong Kong students from Hong Kong also
must return to their own country. students are trained to cope with do well socially in the Canadian
While they may not be choosing a very free system. I mean, if system at the secondary school
to emigrate when they obtain a you're going to read a book you level. She described "one group
visa, the numbers alone indicate choose your own, but only ofvisa students [who] took on
that the approach of 1997 is within a very small range. So the Christmas party and
making studying abroad an learn to take more initiative, try fundraising. They've put on
attractive idea. to find things out for yourself." functions that include the whole
Articles and advertisements Man describes the school system student body and have provided
about educational opportunities in in Hong Kong as very "exam leadership in the school." But
Canada and elsewhere abound in oriented" and academically she stressed that some students
Hong Kong's newspapers and competitive, but she says in need more assistance adapting to
magazines. But the most reliable many ways their academic life here. "You also hear stories
place to get information on training puts students from the ofkids who are so lonely they
education abroad is The Hang territory at an advantage in don't know what to do with
Seng Bank which provides a Canada. themselves."
non-profit Education Advisory Many students from Hong To make it easier for visa
Service. The bank keeps its Kong are choosing to come to students to adapt to life in
information on Canada current Canada in the transition stage Canada and our school system,
by maintaining close ties with between secondary and post- Goossen would like to see more
provincial trade representatives in secondary education. Even information about Canada
Hong Kong and educational though Hong Kong has been a available to students and their
bodies here. Ms. Corina Tsang, a British colony and most students parents before they leave the
senior student counsellor at the attend Anglo-Chinese schools,
6 UPDATE
territory. "People in Hong Kong Toronto Board "have been trying Citizenship Law Explained
really don't know any details to figure out a way to make it
about how the education system really clear" that students under by Chi-Kun Shi
works here. They don't know 16 must have a guardian living Toronto
that we have all these different in Canada. "One relative
high schools. So, we're asking suggested that we should tie it in Hong Kong citizenship law is
for a pamphlet that can explain with immigration. Back in Hong stipulated by a series of British
the system better." Kong, the parents should legislation as it relates to
When students arrive in accompany the children when nationality in Briush colonies.
Canada, Goossen believes more they get a visa." In addition, she Under the British Nationality
should be done to help them thinks guardians should be Act, 1948, all citizens of the
adjust to their new life. "We're required to attend an interview United Kingdom and Colonies
trying to encourage them to when the student registers at the (CUKC) are British subjects.
come two weeks earlier in the school he or she will attend in They enjoy the right to enter and
summer. And then we'll provide Toronto. reside in Britain in addition to
them with an orientation course, Goossen says "visa students their rights as a citizen of the
combined with ESL. We're tend to be neglected in the particular colony where they live
looking into doing that, but we system because they don't have a as well as travelling convenience
can'tdo it this year. We might spokesperson. They don't have within the Commonwealth.
do it next year." the same rights that most CUKC may be secured by birth,
Both Sims and Goossen are Canadians enjoy. All immigrants by descent from a CUKC on the
concerned about some students are eventually voters, so they paternal side, by marriage, in
under the age.of 16 who appear manage to have a voice. But case ofwomen, to a male
to be living in Canada without a visa students have no status." CUKC or by naturalization after
guardian. Under Canadian Sims would like to help young five years ofresidence in the
immigration regulations, students students living on their own colony.
younger than 13 are not granted here, but she doesn't want to The structure of the 1948 Act
visas on the grounds that they take any action that would has been maintained throughout
are too young to be away from jeopardize their chances of subsequent legislation. The
their families, while students continuing their studies in changes introduced by the latter
under 16 must have a guardian Canada. She gives her home are largely concentrated in
living here. "A lot of times, the telephone number to students. "I redefining the rights ofa CUKC.
people in Hong Kong will just don't think children should be The series of legislation
give you a name ofa relative living alone and not have an following the 1948 Act
here and, really, a name only." adult's number that they can call consistently erodes a CUKC's
When faced with an emergency if they have a fire." right to enter and remain in
situation, social workers with the Sims would like to see more Britain. This is achieved by
Toronto board have experienced students from Hong Kong able to narrowing the group ofcolonial
difficulty reaching people named return to Canada to live and subjects who are to receive such
as guardians, said Goossen. work once they have completed rights, coined by the 1971 Act as
"They have had to call Hong their education. "People from the "right ofabode".
Kong on a number ofoccasions Hong Kong are leaving not The most recent legislation is
to find the parents to tell them because they want to come to the 1981 Act. It devised three
what's happening." Canada, but because they are types ofcitizenship; British
She says another problem is leaving abad situation. A lot of citizen, British Dependent
that the social worker responsible immigrants leave against their Territories Citizens (BDTC) and
for visa students is only on a ten will; certainly no refugee ever British Overseas Citizens.
month contract "It's not easy wants to come. But once the British Citizens enjoy the right
for them [students from Hong students are here, they would ofabode in Britain, BDTCs do
Kong] to make friends outside love to come back. I have any not.
the school situation. So, they number of students who would Most Hong Kong people fall
get very lonely. And a lot of love to come to Canada, but within the BDTC category.
them live in rooming houses, unless their family has money BDTC may be conferred upon
contrary to all that myth about [they are unable to return] which Hong Kong people by birth,
rich Hong Kong students. And strikes me as very unfortunate adoption, registration in case of
then when the summer comes, because once we've educated minor children ofnaturalized
it's even worse. They can't them in Canada it seems a BDTC parents, marriage in case
work. And I don't think many shame to loose them."
ofthem can really manage to go
back to Hong Kong to visit. So CITIZENSHIP-page8
they're here!"
She and other members of the
UPDATE 7
Citizenship "Between the Cracks of
Frompage7 when they arrive. This often
Contradiction..." means transplanting their lifestyle
oBfDaTlCienmwaoymaelnsoabnedsbeycudreesdcent by Chow Ying Wong aflrsoomiHncolnugdesKosnpgendtionTgormoonstto.ofIt
through naturalization, after Toronto their savings on an automobile
residency of five years in Hong and the down paymenton a
Kong and fulfilment ofother An article titled "Between the house. By obligating themselves
qualifications such as command cracks ofcontradiction: where to a huge mortgage, many
of the English language. do the new immigrants from immigrants are prone to family
Most significantly, BDTCs are Hong Kong fit?" was published crises and other problems of
thrust upon existing CUKCs who in the Modern Times Weekly on adjustment. Finally, the author
do not hold the "right ofabode" March 30, 1990. The author, Su suggests a more flexible financial
under the 1971 Act Under the Guannan, attributes adjustment policy for new immigrants.
1971 Act, only CUKCs who problems ofrecent immigrants to The 'vacuum' in the value
were bom, adopted, registered or (i) a lack ofaccurate system Su Guannan refers to is
naturalized in Britain have the information; (ii) the 'safety net' an importantelement in the
"right ofabode". Such rights mentality and, most importantly, process ofcultural adjustment.
were also allowed to people who (iii) a 'vacuum' in the value Dissonance is created when the
qualify due to complicated system -- one which is created cultural values ofnewcomers and
ancestral link to Britain or, in when Hong Kong culture meets the host society are not mutually
the case ofalien women, through Canadian culture. accepted. More than one
marriage. While the 1971 Act The author contends that 'vacuum' may exist for recent
stripped all the Hong Kong although prospective immigrants Hong Kong immigrants. Not
originated CUKCs of their right can get information about only do they have to adapt to
to reside in Britain, the 1981 Act Canada from the Canadian the 'mainstream' society, they
took the further step of lumping Commission, most readily have to be accepted by the local
them into a separate category available information doesn't Chinese community as well.
from the other CUKCs who are address social problems and The author describes recent Hong
assimilated into the "British pressures existing in the host Kong immigrants as unwilling to
Citizen" category. The travelling society. As a result, many are adjust to the new society.
convenience enjoyed by CUKCs shocked, or feel they are "being Rather than adapting to that of
within the Commonwealth is cheated" when they come to the host society, they My to bring
subject to the discretion ofthe Toronto. their lifestyle to Toronto, to
individual countries. For With the approach of 1997, change the environment by
eBrxiatmapilne,witBhDoTutCsa cviasnan.ot enter efmadigrinatHioonnghaKsoanlgm.ostHobweecvoemre, a mhaavkeinlgeftitbseihmiinlda.r to the one they
Most people in Hong Kong many people treat the experience The comment, although not a
today hold the BDTC. However, of migration as "moving, touring, representative one, sounds similar
there are some who do not having a vacation, or visiting to the saying about the
qualify for it; they are then relatives," without realizing its "unassimalatable Asian" in the
stateless. The travelling impact on themselves and early part of the century. It
document they hold is the possibly the lives of their next reflects a certain degree of
Certificate ofIdentity issued few generations. conservatism in the Chinese
pursuant to the United Nations Like other newcomers to this community toward newcomers.
Convention Relating to the Status country, immigrants from Hong The image ofrecent Hong Kong
ofStateless Persons. Kong experience unemployment immigrants as a bunch of well-
Finally, there are a growing and underemployment. Su off yuppies and conspicuous
number of Hong Kong people Guannan argues that this is consumers is popular not only in
who hold foreign citizenship. To critical to the settlement process the dominant society, but among
the extent that it is not repugnant only when downward mobility is some members of the local
to the foreign citizenship law, related to the value system the Chinese community, who try to
they may hold such citizenship immigrants bring with them. recall the hard times they had
in conjunction with their BDTC. Hong Kong is highly when they first settled in
materialistic and competitive. Canada. Hence, it is important
Status, and therefore happiness, to bear in mind that the issue
aisccduemtuelramtiinoendobfyastsheets. Many imsani'ntsltirmeiatmedstoociesteyu,lebmutenatlsionitnhteo
recent immigrants try to re- one's ethnic community as well.
establish their status in Canada
8 UPDATE
