Table Of ContentPhilip M. Hanno · Jørgen Nordling
David R. Staskin · Alan J. Wein
Jean Jacques Wyndaele Editors
Bladder Pain Syndrome –
An Evolution
Second Edition
123
Bladder Pain Syndrome – An Evolution
Philip M. Hanno • Jørgen Nordling
David R. Staskin • Alan J. Wein
Jean Jacques Wyndaele
Editors
Bladder Pain Syndrome –
An Evolution
Editors
Philip M. Hanno Jørgen Nordling
Stanford University School of Medicine Department of Urology
Stanford, CA Herlev Hospital
USA Herlev
Denmark
David R. Staskin
St. Elizabeth’s Medical Center Alan J. Wein
Tufts University School of Medicine Penn Medicine
Boston, MA Perelman School of Medicine
USA Perelman Center for Advanced Medicine
University of Pennsylvania Health System
Jean Jacques Wyndaele Philadelphia, PA
Urology USA
Antwerp University, GGW
Wilrijk, Antwerp
Belgium
This Book is a second edition to the book ‘Interstitial Cystitis’ published in 1990
ISBN 978-3-319-61448-9 ISBN 978-3-319-61449-6 (eBook)
https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-61449-6
Library of Congress Control Number: 2017957709
© Springer International Publishing AG 2018
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Contents
1 Introduction .......................................... 1
Philip Hanno, David Staskin, Alan Wein, Jørgen Nordling,
and Jean Jacques Wyndaele
2 Historical Perspectives ................................. 3
Jane Meijlink
3 The Epidemiology of Interstitial Cystitis/Bladder
Pain Syndrome (IC/BPS): How Good Was a Study
of 30-Years Ago ....................................... 11
Philip J. Held, Philip Hanno, and Frank McCormick
4 Epidemiology Commentary ............................. 23
J. Curtis Nickel
5 The Prevalence of Bladder Pain Syndrome/Interstitial
Cystitis in Italy: The importance of a National Registry ..... 27
Loredana Nasta
6 Interstitial Cystitis: Animal Models ...................... 33
Tony Buffington, Michael R. Ruggieri, and David J. Klumpp
7 Etiology: Etiological and Pathogenic Theories
of Interstitial Cystitis/Bladder Pain Syndrome ............. 37
Jørgen Nordling, David Staskin, and Naoki Yoshimura
8 Differences in Clinical Features and Histopathology
in BPS/IC with and without Hunner Lesions ............... 41
Christina Kåbjörn-Gustafsson and Ralph Peeker
9 Mast Cells and Interstitial Cystitis ....................... 49
Frank Aldenborg, Magnus Fall, and Lennart Enerbäck
10 Mast Cells as Biomarkers for Bladder Pain
Syndrome/Interstitial Cystitis? .......................... 51
Marianne Gamper, Sigrid Regauer, and Volker Viereck
11 Diagnosis of Interstitial Cystitis: A Clinical, Endoscopic
and Pathologic Approach ............................... 57
Joop P. van de Merwe
v
vi Contents
12 Diagnosis of Interstitial Cystitis: A Comment
on Glomerulations ..................................... 63
Gjertrud Egge Wennevik
13 Diagnosis of Interstitial Cystitis .......................... 65
Jörgen Quaghebeur
14 Commentary on Sant Chapter: 30 Years on! ............... 69
Grannum R. Sant
15 Neuro-Urologic Evaluation in Interstitial Cystitis ........... 73
Jean Jacques Wyndaele
16 Current Role of Neurourologic Evaluation
in Interstitial Cystitis/Bladder Pain Syndrome ............. 77
Hann-Chorng Kuo
17 Neurourological Evaluation in BPS ....................... 81
Arndt van Ophoven
18 Bladder Hydrodistension in 2017 ........................ 83
Claus Riedl
19 Pharmacologic Goals in Interstitial Cystitis/Bladder
Pain Syndrome ....................................... 87
Antonella Giannantoni, Marilena Gubbiotti,
Naoki Yoshimura, and Karl-Erik Andersson
20 Intravesical Therapy of Interstitial Cystitis ................ 95
Philip Hanno
21 Botulinum Toxin in Treatment of Bladder
Pain Syndrome/Interstitial Cystitis ....................... 101
Paulo Dinis
22 Intravesical Therapy and Its Evolution Over
Three Decades, A European View ........................ 105
Mauro Cervigni
23 The Use of Heparin .................................... 111
Arndt van Ophoven
24 What Happened to Eosinophilic Cationic Protein:
A Dead End .......................................... 113
Philip Hanno
25 The Use of Pentosan Polysulfate in the Management
of Interstitial Cystitis .................................. 115
Robert M. Moldwin
26 Etiology of Interstitial Cystitis and the Role
of Pentosanpolysulfate in IC Therapy ..................... 121
C. Lowell Parsons
Contents vii
27 Use of Transcutaneous Electrical Nerve Stimulation
in the Management of Bladder Pain Syndrome ............. 127
Magnus Fall
28 Use of Transcutaneous Electrical Nerve Stimulation
in the Management of Bladder Pain Syndrome:
2017 Update .......................................... 131
Kenneth M. Peters
29 Reappraisal of Transurethral Resection
in Classic Interstitial Cystitis ............................ 135
Magnus Fall
30 Treatment of Interstitial Cystitis with the Neodymium
YAG Laser: A Swedish View ............................ 139
Magnus Fall
31 Treatment of Interstitial Cystitis with the Neodymium
YAG Laser: The Russian View ........................... 141
Andrew Zaitcev
32 Partial Denervation Procedures for Bladder
Pain Syndrome ....................................... 143
Rajesh Taneja
33 Surgical Therapy of Bladder Pain Syndrome .............. 145
Tomohiro Ueda, Jørgen Nordling, Ralph Peeker,
and Magnus Fall
34 The Birth of Conservative Management, Prescription
Drug Applications, and Pelvic Floor Physical Therapy ....... 149
Rebecca Rinko, Nima Shah, Melissa Dawson,
and Kristene Whitmore
35 Placing Interstitial Cystitis/Bladder
Pain Syndrome on the Map: The Story
of the Interstitial Cystitis Association ..................... 155
Vicki Ratner
36 Back to the Future: Looking Forward by Examining
the Past .............................................. 161
John W. Kusek and Chris Mullins
37 Afterword ............................................ 165
Philip Hanno and Alan Wein
Addendum 1: International Consultation ..................... 167
Addendum 2: AUA Guideline ............................... 173
Addendum 3: Asian Algorithm .............................. 175
1
Introduction
Philip Hanno, David Staskin, Alan Wein,
Jørgen Nordling, and Jean Jacques Wyndaele
Dr. Guy LeRoy Hunner, 1868–1957, a Johns eventually contributed to the first edition
Hopkins gynecologist, in a paper delivered to the published in 1990.
Boston Medical Society described the ‘Hunners Twenty-seven years is a long time between
Ulcer’ in 1915. Seventy years later, in 1985 the editions. Much has changed. Books and journals
idea of bringing together experts in the field of are no longer on library shelves, but exist in the
interstitial cystitis led to an assemblage following ether. Much has not changed. Only two drugs are
the 1986 International Continence Society meet- approved by the Food and Drug administration to
ing in Boston. This meeting was a unique oppor- treat IC/BPS, both of which were available when
tunity to take advantage of the attendance and the first edition was printed. We think it is time to
willingness of most of the authors who were take a look back at how the field has advanced
internationally recognized in the field, and who given the millions of dollars in research that have
been devoted to it and the world-wide interest in
the disorder that propelled the prevalence data
from an estimated 40/100,000 to a current esti-
P. Hanno (*) mate of greater than 2700/100,000. What have
Stanford University School of Medicine, we learned in the last 30 years, where are we
Stanford, CA, USA
now, and how can we best advance the field
e-mail: [email protected]
forward?
D. Staskin
One hundred years after Hunner’s paper, this
St. Elizabeth’s Medical Center, Tufts University
School of Medicine, Boston, MA, USA text is intended to serve as an update of the first
e-mail: [email protected] edition of Interstitial Cystitis, and to be of value
A. Wein to the researcher, clinician, and patient who seek
Penn Medicine, Perelman School of Medicine, a perspective as to where we are and how we got
Perelman Center for Advanced Medicine, there. The format was chosen intentionally, as the
University of Pennsylvania Health System,
majority of chapters take the unique approach of
Philadelphia, PA, USA
e-mail: [email protected] revisiting and revising and critiquing the initial
text—“what we got right”, “what we got wrong”,
J. Nordling
Department of Urology, Herlev Hospital, “have we made progress?”, and “in which direc-
Herlev, Denmark tion should we should go?”. Broad philosophical
e-mail: [email protected] changes in approach to the patient and specific
J.J. Wyndaele definitions; treatment algorithms for diagnosis
Department of Urology, Antwerp University, GGW, and therapy; and basic science and clinical
Wilrijk, Antwerp, Belgium
research into etiology and pharmacological
e-mail: [email protected]
© Springer International Publishing AG 2018 1
P.M. Hanno et al. (eds.), Bladder Pain Syndrome – An Evolution,
https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-61449-6_1
2 P. Hanno et al.
therapy have all contributed to a new ‘state of the We would like to thank the authors for their
art’. But, how much have we progressed? Was expertise and dedication to this project. We want
Hunner’s description of an ‘elusive ulcer’ a pre- to thank the members of the International
lude to the current understanding of chronic pel- Association for the Study of Bladder Pain
vic pain syndromes and the components? We will Syndrome (ESSIC), many of whom contributed
reserve judgment to the reader. to this volume, for their dedication directed at
This book builds upon the knowledge base of helping patients suffering from bladder pain
the first edition. New commentary by some of the syndrome. We all owe tremendous gratitude to
same authors and the addition of younger experts the patients and patient groups that have also
gives a balanced view of the field. There is no helped to expand the knowledge base aimed at
attempt to synthesize a single view of the contro- alleviating the terrible symptoms associated
versial aspects of bladder pain syndrome, but with BPS and helping to find cures. We hope
rather we include many opinions and let the read- that the next edition planned for 2045 will treat
ers decide for themselves. Where possible, authors bladder pain syndrome and interstitial cystitis as
highlight the seminal publications that guided recognizable diseases with straightforward
their thinking. The book concludes with up to date cures. We take pause to remember Robert Krane,
guidelines and management suggestions that pro- M.D., our colleague who was a co-editor of the
vide a quick-reference for healthcare providers. first edition.
2
Historical Perspectives
Jane Meijlink
2.1 Bladder Pain Syndrome … a non-specific pathologic condition with inflam-
30 Years Later mation in interstitial tissue caused by many
diseases, disorders or trauma. The first mention
Enigmatic painful bladders and mysterious of this term (found so far) was by Samuel
“ulcers” in the urinary bladder first appeared in D. Gross in 1876. In Germany, however,
medical publications in the early nineteenth Maximilian Nitze was writing about a bladder
century. Medical textbooks at the time drew a disorder with frequency, pain and inflammatory
clear distinction between bladder neuralgia and ulceration of the mucosa which he described as
bladder ulcers or lesions. However, by the “cystitis parenchymatosa”, a term which was not
beginning of the twentieth century, increasing to survive, but which was, however, used by
use of the cystoscope may have led surgeons to Howard Kelly in 1898 to describe “when inflam-
focus on visible pathology, including ulcers and mation extends into the muscular vesical wall”.
lesions, to the neglect of bladder neuralgia with
invisible causes. Furthermore, Freudian theories
prevalent at that period claiming women were 2.2 Howard Atwood Kelly
“more prone to neurosis and hysteria” would (1858–1943): Pioneer
have led to many women with urogenital pain in the Irritable Bladder
being dismissed as psychosomatic and hysteri-
cal. While the original eighteenth to nineteenth The Johns Hopkins Hospital in Baltimore,
century term “neurosis” referred to a neurologi- opened in 1889, was a centre of excellence in
cal disorder, Freud’s version of neurosis inferred the United States. Howard Kelly, head of the
a psychological/hysterical disorder as used by new gynaecology and obstetrics department and
Walsh in this book. This has regrettably been a Guy Hunner’s boss, had a special interest in
cause of great harm to women and their health, female urology and this laid the foundation for
particularly in urogenital fields, and has not Guy Hunner’s work with patients with a painful
entirely disappeared today. bladder. Howard Kelly, who had travelled exten-
In the nineteenth century, as noted by Walsh, sively in Europe, took the Nitze cystoscope back
“interstitial cystitis” was a term used to describe to the Johns Hopkins Hospital in Baltimore and
developed his own air distension version. Kelly
had an interest in what he termed the irritable
J. Meijlink
bladder: “A differential diagnosis must be made
International Painful Bladder Foundation,
between cystitis and an irritable bladder or a
Naarden, The Netherlands
e-mail: [email protected] hyperemia of the trigonum. In an ‘irritable
© Springer International Publishing AG 2018 3
P.M. Hanno et al. (eds.), Bladder Pain Syndrome – An Evolution,
https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-61449-6_2
