Black's Veterinary Dictionary

980 Pages·2015·9.57 MB·English

by  Edward Boden

B L A C K ’ S
VETERINARY
DICTIONARY
i
ii
Black’s
Veter inary
Dictionary
22nD eDition
edited by
edward Boden
MBe, HonassocrcVS, MrPharmS
and
anthony andrews
BVetMed. PhD, DipecBHM,
DipecSrHM, FBiac, FrSM, MrcVS
Bloomsbury information
an imprint of Bloomsbury Publishing Plc
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BLOOMSBURY and the Diana logo are trademarks
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First published 2015
© edward Boden and anthony andrews, 2015
edward Boden and anthony andrews have asserted their right
under the copyright, Designs and Patents act, 1988, to be
identified as author of this work.
all rights reserved. no part of this publication may be
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publication can be accepted by Bloomsbury or the author.
British Library Cataloguing-in-Publication Data
a catalogue record for this book is available from the British Library.
iSBn: HB: 978-1-4081-7572-9
ePDF: 978-1-4081-8128-7
ePub: 978-1-4081-4955-3
typeset by refinecatch Ltd, Bungay, Suffolk, nr35 1eF
iv
PREFACE
GGeenneerraattiioonnss ooff v veteetreirninarayr yp rparcatcittiiotinoenres,r ss,t usdtuednetsn,t ns,u rfaserms, efarrsm aenrds apnedt
poewt noewrsn ehrasv eh arveel ieredl ieodn oBnl aBclka’cs k’Vs eVteerteirnianrayr yD Dicitcitoionnaarryy aass aa pprriimmaarryy
rreeffeerreennccee oonn aanniimmaall hheeaalltthh aanndd hhuussbbaannddrryy mmaatttteerrss.. ThThee 2 221nsdt eeddiittiioonn
hhaass bbeeeenn ccoommpprreehheennssiivveellyy ruepvdisaetde dan; idt cexopvaenrsd tehde; wit icdoevset rssp tehcet rwumid eosft
svpeetectrrinuamry o df avteat aevrianilaarbyl ed ianta a asvinaiglaleb lveo ilunm a es.i nTghlee cvoorlue mofe .i nMfourmcha tnioewn
ionnfo ramniamtiaoln hoena ltahn,i mhauls bhaenadltrhy, hanudsb awnedlrfya rea ndto pwieclsf,a raen tdo psiicgsn, sa nodf
sdiigsnesa soefs dainseda stehse airn dtr ethatemir etnret,a tims esnutp, phleams beenetned a dbdye dm. aMnya nnye wen tarnieds
raemfleecntd ethde ennutrmieesr.o uTsh edseev erleofplemcte ntthse t hnautm hearvoeu tsa kdeenv eplolapcme esnintcs e ththaet
2h1avste etdaikteionn p wlaacse psuinbclies htehde; 2th0etyh readnigtieo fnr owma sa dpvuabnlicsehse idn; mtheedyi craatniogne
tforo dmes cardipvtainocness oifn n emwelyd iicdaetniotnifi etdo cdoensdcirtiipotnios;n fsr oomf tnheew rleys uirdgeenntcifei eodf
ocoldn dsciotiuorngse;s f rsoucmh tahse T rBes iunr gceanttclee toof tohlde escmoeurrggeensc seu ocfh d aiss eTasBe si nsu ccahtt ales
Stoc htmhea ellmenebregrign gv irriusks .o Thf exe ortiisck doisfe eaxseost ibc edinisge aimseps osurtcehd afos lhloewaritnwgo trhme
breelianxga tiimonp oorft etrda vfeoll laorwrainngg etmhee nrtesl afxoart idoong os fa ntrda vcealt sa.rrangements for
doAg s manajdo rc aitns nhoavsa tbioeenn irse flthecet eidn cbluy snioenw oefn terinetsr.i ePso pduelsacrr ibbrineegd st hoef
dpoogp ualnadr bcarte,e dans do ft hdeo ign haenrdit acbalte, caonndd itthioen isn thoe rwithaibclhe tchoenyd mitiiognhst btoe
swuhscicehp ttihbeley, marieg hdte sbceri bsuedsc. eNptoibteles .are included on many new species
beSinogm fea rcmhaendg oers kweipllt baes cnoomticpeadn iionn t hane ismpealllsi.ng of certain medicines,
w hDicrh Gh.a vRe . bDeeunn caamnseonnd,e dB VtoS cc, o nDfoPrmro f,w MithS ct(hVee trGecPo),m FmReCndVeSd,
Din.t eMrncaKti.o Fnraal senro BnV-pMro&prSie, tCareyr tWnaeml.e Ms fRoCr VmSe, dAic.Din.a lM saulblesyta FnRceCs,V iSn,
MaccVoBrd, aBnAce a wndit hS .E NEiCch Doliarse cCtilvaey t9o2n/, 9B7V. Sc, MRCVS, have all made
exDtern sAiv.eH s.u Aggnedstrieownss aBnVde tcMonetdr,i bPuhtiDon, sM; mRaCnVy Sm horaes caoglaleinag uacetse hda vaes
gaisvsiesnta andtv eicdei.t oWr.e Darre Avenrdy rgerwatse, fDul. foMr cthKe.i rF irnapseurt .BVM&S, CertWel.
MRCVS and A.D. Malley FRCVS, MVB, BA have all made
Eex.Bte.n, sAiv.Ae . s2u0g1g5estions and contributions. I am grateful for their
input.
Note: The use of small capitals, for instance, ANTIBODY, in the text,
rEe.fBer.s 2t0h0e 5reader to the entry of that name for additional information.
Note: The use of small capitals, for instance, ANTIBODY, in the text,
refers the reader to the entry of that name for additional
information.
v
vi
BBllaacckk’s’ sV eVteerteinrianrya rDy icDtioicntairoyn, afirrys,t pfiursbtl isphuedb liinsh 1e9d2 8in, o1w9e2s 8it,s eoxwisetes nictes
etox itshtee nlactee Ptoro ftehseso rla Wtei lPliarmof eCss. oMr iWlleril,l wiahmo wCa.s Malsioll erer,s pwonhsoib lwe afos r atlhsoe
r1e9s3p5o nedsiibtiloen f.o Wr thheen 1o9n3 t5h ee tdeiatciohinn.g W sthaffen o fo tnh et hReo yteaal c(Dhiincgk )s Vtaeftfe roifn athrye
RCoolylaelg e(,D Eidckin) bVuergtehr,i nhaer sya wC othllee gnee,e dE dfoinr bsuucrhg ha, bhoeo ksa awn dt hme ondeeellde df oitr
sounc Bh laac k’sb Mooekd icaanl Dd icmtioondaerlyl.e dP roifte sosonr MBliallcekr ’hs elMd etdhiec achl aDir iocft iaonniamrayl.
Phurosbfeasnsdorry Mati ltlheer Rheolyda l tVheet ecrhinaairr yo Cf oalnleimgea, l Lhounsdboann,d arnyd acto tmhpe leRteody aal
Vdiestteinrignuairshy eCd oclalreegeer ,b Ly obnecdoomn,i nagn Dd icroecmtoprl eotfe tdh ea A dnisimtinagl Huieshaletdh Tcraureste’sr
beqyu binece ormesienagrc Dh isrteacttioonr oaft tNhee wAmniamrkael tH. Eeadlittho rTshruips tf’rso emq utihnee r1e9s5e3a rctoh
s1t9a9ti5o ned aitti oNnes wwmasa irnk etht.e Ehadnitdosr oshf iGp eforfformey t Ph. eW 1e9st5 M3 RtoC 1V9S9, 5v eetedriitnioarnys
wwraist einr atnhde jhoaunrdnsa loisft .G eoffrey P. West MRCVS, veterinary writer and
journalist.
First published 1928
FSiercsot npdu bedliisthioend 11993258
SeThcoirndd e edditiitoionn 1 1959335
FTohuirrdth e eddiittiioonn 11995536
FoFuifrthth e deditiitoionn 1 9159956
FSiifxtthh eeddiittiioonn 11996529
SSevixetnht he deidtiitoionn 1 1996625
SEevigehntthh eeddititioionn 1 1996675
ENiginhtthh eeddiittiioonn 11997607
NTeinntthh eeddiittiioonn 11997720
ETleevnetnht he deditiitoionn 1 1997725
ETlewveelnftthh eeddititioionn 1 1997765
ThTwirteeleftnht he deditiitoionn 1 1997769
TFhouirrtteeeenntthh eeddiittiioonn 11998729
FoFuifrtteeeennthth e deditiitoino n1 9189582
FSiifxtteeeenntthh eeddiittiioonn 11998885
SSeivxetneteenetnht he deditiitoionn 1 1998982
SEevigehntteeeenntthh eedditiitoionn 1 1999952
ENiginhetteeeenntthh eeddiittiioonn 11999985
NTiwneetneteientthh eedditiitoionn 2 1090918
TTwweenntyti-efitrhs te eddititioionn 22000015
TTwwenentyt-ys-efcirosnt de deditiitoionn 2 2000155 vii
viii
A When only the wall of the abdomen has been
damaged, there may be severe bruising, and
haemorrhage into the tissues (See hAemAtomA).
if exposure of the abdominal contents has taken
place, or if the organs have been themselves
damaged, there is risk of ShocK, haemorrhage,
infection, and PeritonitiS; the latter may cause
Ab great pain and usually proves fatal. For this reason
(See Antibody.) the injured animal should receive promptly the
expert services of a veterinary surgeon or else be
Abamectin humanely destroyed. Simple WoUndS or bruises
An Avermectin used in cattle as an of the abdominal walls are treated in the same way
ectoparasiticide and endoparasiticide. as ordinary wounds.
Abaxial Aberdeen Angus Cattle
Away from the axis. term often used in describing An old breed also called Angus. it was developed
parts of bones. opposite of AxiAl. in Scotland and known since the 18th century
with the herd book started in 1862. They were
Abdomen locally known as ‘doddies’ or ‘hummlies’. They are
The part of the body in front of (below in usually all black but can be all red. The cattle are
quadrupeds) the spine between the thorax (see naturally polled and occasionally have white
cheSt) and the PelviS. (For a description of udders. They are a relatively small animal but it
abdominal organs, see under appropriate head- means that the crosses have minimal dyStoKiA.
ings.) As birds and reptiles have no demarcation They are hardy and able to fatten off pasture and
between the thorax and abdomen (no diaphragm) are often sold as Aberdeen Angus beef which
it is inappropriate to use these terms in these attracts a price premium. A few crosses with
orders. FrieSiAn cAttle have shown SPAStic calves.
Abdomen, Diseases of Abiotrophy
(See under StomAch, diSeASeS oF; inteStineS, A degenerative condition of an organ or tissue
diSeASeS oF; diArrhoeA; liver, diSeASeS oF; leading to dysfunction or loss of function. Usually
PAncreAS, diSeASeS oF; KidneyS, diSeASeS inherited and often involving brain or other nerve
oF; blAdder, diSeASeS oF; PeritonitiS; tissue. (See lySoSomeS – lysosomal storage
bloAt; colic; ASciteS; herniA.) disease.)
Abdomen, Injuries of Abizzia spp.
These include injuries to the abdominal walls, to A group of rapidly growing African trees being
the alimentary tract and to the organs within the exploited as a forestry crop. The seed pods have
abdomen. trauma may result in damage to the liver, caused poisoning in goats and cattle. clinical signs
spleen, kidneys, or urinary bladder. Apparently include tachycardia, anorexia, ruminal stasis,
small external wounds of the abdominal wall may anaemia, dyspnoea and recumbency. Affected
be far more serious than their appearance suggests. animals always show methaemglobinaemia.
radiographs and ultrasound can be useful in
diagnosis. Ablation
removal of an organ, or part of an organ, by surgery.
Diagnosis An exploratory lAPArotomy may
be necessary to establish the internal effects of such Ablepharia
wounds, and also the cause of internal haemor- The lack of eyelids – a normal condition in snakes.
rhage, free intra-peritoneal gas, peritonitis, etc.
obtaining a sample by PArAcenteSiS may be Abnormalities, Inherited
useful, although the hollow needle may be blocked (See GeneticS, heredity And breedinG -
by omentum. Use of a catheter and peritoneal Genetic deFectS.)
lavage has been effective in detecting early intra-
abdominal traumatic lesions, rupture of internal Abnormal Pigment Deposition
organs, etc. in dogs and cats. in the Eye
When a stake or other pointed object has caused An abnormal increase in the ocular pigment which
a large wound in the abdominal wall, the bowels eventually results in an impeding of the drainage of
may protrude through the opening, and if the fluid in the eye and causes GlAUcomA. it is record-
incision be extensive, evisceration may take place. ed in a few breeds and mainly cAirn terrierS.
1