Table Of ContentBiotechnology
Second Edition
Volume llb
Environmental Processes I1
6B
W ILEY-VCH
Biotechnology
Second Edition
Fundamentals Special Topics
Volume 1 Volume 9
Biological Fundamentals Enzymes, Biomass, Food and Feed
Volume 2 Volume 10
Genetic Fundamentals and Special Processes
Genetic Engineering
Volumes 1la-c
Volume 3 Environmental Processes 1-111
Bioprocessing
Volume 12
Volume 4 Legal, Economic and
Measuring, Modelling and Control Ethical Dimensions
Products
Volume 5a
Recombinant Proteins, Monoclonal
Antibodies and Therapeutic Genes
Volume 5b
Genomics
Volume 6
Products of Primary Metabolism
Volume 7
Products of Secondary Metabolism
Volumes 8a and b
Biotransformations I and I1
All volumes are also displayed on our Biotech Website:
http://www.wiley-vch.de/home/biotech
A Multi-Volume Comprehensive Treatise
Biotechnology
Second, Completely Revised Edition
Edited by
H.-J. Rehm and G. Reed
in cooperation with
A. Puhler and P. Stadler
Volume llb
Environmental Processes I1
Soil Decontamination
Edited by
J. Klein
@3 WILEYVCH
Weinheim . New York . Chichester . Brisbane . Singapore . Toronto
Series Editors: Volume Editor:
Prof. Dr. H.-J. Rehm Dr. G. Reed Prof. Dr. J. Klein
Institut fur Mikrobiologie 1029 N. Jackson St. #501-A DMT-Gesellschaft fur
Universitat Munster Milwaukee, WI 53202-3226 Forschung und Priifung GmbH
CorrensstraBe 3 USA Franz-Fischer-Weg 61
D-48149 Munster Postfach 69 80
FRG D-45307 Essen
FRG
Prof. Dr. A. Puhler Prof. Dr. P. I W. Stadler
Biologie VI (Genetik) Artemis Pharmaceuticals
Universitat Bielefeld Geschaftsfuhrung
P.O. Box 100131 Pharmazentrum Koln
D-33501 Bielefeld Neurather Ring
FRG D-51063 Koln
FRG
This book was carefully produced. Nevertheless, authors, editors and publisher do not warrant the information
contained therein to be free of errors. Readers are advised to keep in mind that statements, data, illustrations,
procedural details or other items may inadvertently be inaccurate.
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A catalogue record for this book
is available from Der Deutschen Bibliothek
ISBN 3-527-28323-4
0 WILEY-VCH Verlag GmbH, D-69469 Weinheim (Federal Republic of Germany), 2000
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Preface
In recognition of the enormous advances in series. Its members Come from key institu-
biotechnology in recent years, we are pleased tions representing scientific input from about
to present this Second Edition of “Biotech- twenty countries.
nology” relatively soon after the introduction The volume editors and the authors of the
of the First Edition of this multi-volume com- individual chapters have been chosen for
prehensive treatise. Since this series was ex- their recognized expertise and their contribu-
tremely well accepted by the scientific com- tions to the various fields of biotechnology.
munity, we have maintained the overall goal Their willingness to impart this knowledge to
of creating a number of volumes, each de- their colleagues forms the basis of “Biotech-
voted to a certain topic, which provide scien- nology” and is gratefully acknowledged.
tists in academia, industry, and public institu- Moreover, this work could not have been
tions with a well-balanced and comprehensive brought to fruition without the foresight and
overview of this growing field. We have fully the constant and diligent support of the pub-
revised the Second Edition and expanded it lisher. We are grateful to VCH for publishing
from ten to twelve volumes in order to take “Biotechnology” with their customary excel-
all recent developments into account. lence. Special thanks are due to Dr. Hans-
These twelve volumes are organized into Joachim Kraus and Karin Dembowsky, with-
three sections. The first four volumes consid- out whose constant efforts the series could
er the fundamentals of biotechnology from not be published. Finally, the editors wish to
biological, biochemical, molecular biological, thank the members of the Scientific Advisory
and chemical engineering perspectives. The Board for their encouragement, their helpful
next four volumes are devoted to products of suggestions, and their constructive criticism.
industrial relevance. Special attention is given
here to products derived from genetically en- H.-J. Rehm
gineered microorganisms and mammalian G. Reed
cells. The last four volumes are dedicated to A. Puhler
the description of special topics. P. Stadler
The new “Biotechnology” is a reference
work, a comprehensive description of the
state-of-the-art, and a guide to the original
literature. It is specifically directed to micro-
biologists, biochemists, molecular biologists,
bioengineers, chemical engineers, and food
and pharmaceutical chemists working in indus-
try, at universities or at public institutions.
A carefully selected and distinguished
Scientific Advisory Board stands behind the
Scientific Advisory Board
Pro$ Dr. M. J. Beker Prof Dr. I. Goldberg
August Kirchenstein Institute of Microbiology Department of Applied Microbiology
Latvian Academy of Sciences The Hebrew University
Riga, Latvia Jerusalem, Israel
Pro$ Dr. C. L. Cooney Pro$ Dr. G. Gomu
Department of Chemical Engineering DCpartement de GCnie Biochimique et
Massachusetts Institute of Technology Alimentaire
Cambridge, MA, USA Institut National des Sciences Appliqukes
Toulouse, France
Pro$ Dr. H. W Doelle Sir D. A. Hopwood
Department of Microbiology Department of Genetics
University of Queensland John Innes Institute
St. Lucia, Australia Nonvich, UK
Pro$ Dr. J. Drews Pro$ Dr. E. H. Houwink
F. Hoffmann-La Roche AG Organon International bv
Basel, Switzerland Scientific Development Group
Oss, The Netherlands
Pro$ Dr. A. Fiechter Pro$ Dr. A. E. Humphrey
Institut fur Biotechnologie Center for Molecular Bioscience and
Eidgenossische Technische Hochschule Biotechnology
Zurich, Switzerland Lehigh University
Bethlehem, PA, USA
Pro$ Dr. ?: K. Ghose Pro$ Dr. I. Kurube
Biochemical Engineering Research Centre Research Center for Advanced Science
Indian Institute of Technology and Technology
New Delhi, India University of Tokyo
Tokyo, Japan
VIII Scientific Advisory Board
Prof Dr. M.A . Lachance Prof Dr. K. Schugerl
Department of Plant Sciences Institut fur Technische Chemie
University of Western Ontario Universitat Hannover
London, Ontario, Canada Hannover, Germany
Prof Dr. Y Liu Prof Dr. f? Sensi
China National Center for Biotechnology Chair of Fermentation Chemistry
Development and Industrial Microbiology
Beijing, China Lepetit Research Center
Gerenzano, Italy
Prof Dr. J. E Martin Prof Dr. Y H. Tan
Department of Microbiology Institute of Molecular and Cell Biology
University of Leon National University of Singapore
Lebn, Spain Singapore
Prof Dr. B. Mattiasson Prof Dr. D. Thomas
Department of Biotechnology Laboratoire de Technologie Enzymatique
Chemical Center UniversitC de Compiegne
University of Lund Compikgne, France
Lund, Sweden
Prof Dr. M. Roehr Prof Dr. W Verstraete
Institut fur Biochemische Technologie Laboratory of Microbial Ecology
und Mikrobiologie Rijksuniversiteit Gent
Technische Universitat Wien Gent, Belgium
Wen, Austria
Prof Dr. H. Sahm Prof Dr. E. - L. Winnacker
Institut fur Biotechnologie Institut fur Biochemie
Forschungszentrum Julich Universitat Miinchen
Julich, Germany Munchen, Germany
Contributors
Dr. Alan J. M. Baker Dr. rer. nat. Helmut Dorr
Deptartment of Animal and Plant Sciences Arcadis Trischler & Partner GmbH
University of Sheffield Berliner Allee 6
Western Bank D-64295 Darmstadt
Sheffield, S10 2TN Germany
UK Chapter 15
Chapter 17
Prof. Dr. Karl-Heinz Blotevogel Dr. James P. Easter
Fachbereich Biologie/Mikrobiologie Center for Environmental Biotechnology
Universitat Oldenburg University of Tennessee
Postfach 2503 676 Dabney Hall
D-26111 Oldenburg Knoxville, TN 37996
Germany USA
Chapter11 Chapters 20,21
Prof. Dr. Wilhelm G. Coldewey Dr. Adolf Eisentrager
Universitat Munster Institut fur Hygiene und Umweltmedizin
Corrensstrafle 3 RWTH Aachen
D-48149 Miinster Pauwelstr. 30
Germany D-52057 Aachen
Chapter 2 Germany
Chapter 5
Dr. Mary F. DeFlaun Prof. Dr. Wolfgang Fritsche
Envirogen, Inc. Institut fur Mikrobiologie
41 000 Quakerbridge Road Universitat Jena
Lawrenceville, NJ 08648 Philosophenweg 12
USA D-07743 Jena
Chapter 18 Germany
Chapter 6
X Contributors
Dr. Thomas Gorontzy Prof. Dr. Dick B. Janssen
Fachbereich BiologielMikrobiologie University of Groningen
Universitat Oldenburg Nijenborgh 4
Postfach 2503 NL-9747 AG Groningen
D-26111 Oldenburg The Netherlands
Germany Chapter 8
Chapter 11
Dr. Thomas Held Dr. Matthias Kastner
Arcadis Trischler & Partner GmbH UFZ - Umweltforschungszentrum Halle-
Berliner Allee 6 Leipzig
D-64295 Darmstadt Sektion Sanierungsforschung
Germany Permoserstr. 15
Chapter 15 D-04318 Leipzig
Germany
Chapters 4, 9
Dr. Martin Hofrichter Prof. Dr. Jiirgen Klein
Institut fur Mikrobiologie DMT-Gesellschaft fur
Universitat Jena Forschung und Prufung GmbH
Philosophenweg 12 Franz-Fischer-Weg 61
D-07743 Jena D-45307 Essen
Germany Germany
Chapter 6 Chapter 22
Dr. Kerstin Hund Dr. Ren6 H. Kleijntjens
FH-Institut fur Umweltchemie Partners in Milieutechnik b.v.
D-57392 Schmallenberg-Grafschaft Mercuriusweg 4
Germany NL-2516 AW’s-Gravenhage
Chapter 5 The Netherlands
Chapter 14
Dr.-Ing. Karsten Hupe Dr. Christoph Klinger
Arbeitsbereich Abfallwirtschaft DMT-Gesellschaft fur Forschung und
TU Hamburg-Harburg Geschaftsbereich GUC
Harburger SchloBstr. 37 Am Technologiepark 1
D-21079 Hamburg D-45307 Essen
Germany Germany
Chapter 12 Chapter 2
Dr. Johan E.T. van Hylckama,Vlieg Dr.-Ing. Michael Koning
University of Groningen Arbeitsbereich Abfallwirtschaft
Nijenborgh 4 TU Hamburg-Harburg
NL-9747 AG Groningen Harburger SchloBstr. 37
The Netherlands D-21079 Hamburg
Chapter 8 Germany
Chapter 12
Contributors XI
Dr. Fu-Min Menn Dr. David E. Salt
Center for Environmental Biotechnology Department of Chemistry
University of Tennessee Northern Arizona University
676 Dabney Hall Flagstaff, AZ 8601 1-5698
Knoxville, TN 37996 USA
USA Chapter 17
Chapters 20,21
Prof. Dr. Karel Ch. A. M. Luyben Dr. Gary S. Sayler
Technical University of Delft Center for Environmental Biotechnology
Julianalaan 67a University of Tennessee
NL-2628 Delft 8 676 Dabney Hall
The Netherlands Knoxville, TN 37996
Chapter 14 USA
Chapters 20,21
Prof. Dr. Bernd Mahro Prof. Dr. Bernhard Schink
Fachbereich 3 Institut fur Mikrobielle Okologie
Hochschule Bremen Universitat Konstanz
Neustadtswall30 Universitatsstr. 10
D-28199 Bremen D-78457 Konstanz
Germany Germany
Chapter 3 Chapter 7
Prof. Dr. Rudolf Muller Prof. Dr. Jerald L. Schnoor
Arbeitsbereich 2-100 116 Engineering Research Facility
TU Hamburg-Harburg The University of Iowa
Denickestr. 15 330 S. Madison St.
D-21073 Hamburg Iowa City, Iowa 52242-1000
Germany USA
Chapter 10 Chapter 16
Prof. Dr. Hans-Jurgen Rehm Dr. Volker Schulz-Berendt
Institut fur Mikrobiologie Umweltschutz Nord GmbH & Co.
Universitat Munster Industriepark 6
Corrensstralje 3 D-27767 Ganderkesee
D-48149 Munster Germany
Germany Chapter 13
Chapter 19
Dr. Michael Roemer Dr. Robert J. Steffan
Melatener Str. 79 Envirogen, Inc.
D-52074 Aachen 41000 Quakerbridge Road
Germany Lawrenceville, NJ 08648
Chapter 23 USA
Chapter 18
