Biomimetic Research for Architecture and Building Construction: Biological Design and Integrative Structures

408 Pages·2016·17.06 MB·English

by  Jan Knippers

Biologically-Inspired Systems
Jan Knippers
Klaus G. Nickel
Thomas Speck Editors
Biomimetic Research
for Architecture and
Building Construction
Biological Design
and Integrative Structures
Biologically-Inspired Systems
Volume 9
SeriesEditor
StanislavN.Gorb
ChristianAlbrechtUniversityofKiel,Kiel,Germany
Motto: Structure and function of biological systems as inspiration for technical
developments
Throughoutevolution,naturehasconstantlybeencalledupontoactasanengineer
in solving technical problems. Organisms have evolved an immense variety of
shapesandstructuresfrommacrodowntothenanoscale.Zoologistsandbotanists
have collected a huge amount of information about the structure and functions of
biological materials and systems. This information can be also utilized to mimic
biologicalsolutionsinfurthertechnicaldevelopments.Themostimportantfeature
of the evolution of biological systems is multiple origins of similar solutions in
differentlineagesoflivingorganisms.Theseexamplesshouldbethebestcandidates
for biomimetics. This book series will deal with topics related to structure and
functioninbiologicalsystemsandshowhowknowledgefrombiologycanbeused
for technical developments in engineering and materials science. It is intended
to accelerate interdisciplinary research on biological functional systems and to
promote technical developments. Documenting of the advances in the field will
be important for fellow scientists, students, public officials, and for the public in
general. Each of the books in this series is expected to provide a comprehensive,
authoritativesynthesisofthetopic.
Moreinformationaboutthisseriesathttp://www.springer.com/series/8430
Jan Knippers • Klaus G. Nickel • Thomas Speck
Editors
Biomimetic Research for
Architecture and Building
Construction
Biological Design and Integrative Structures
123
Editors
JanKnippers KlausG.Nickel
InstituteofBuildingStructures AppliedMineralogy(AMIN)
andStructuralDesign(ITKE) UniversityofTübingen
UniversityofStuttgart Tübingen,Germany
Stuttgart,Germany
ThomasSpeck
PlantBiomechanicsGroup,BotanicGarden,
FacultyofBiology
UniversityofFreiburg
Freiburg,Germany
FreiburgCentreforInteractiveMaterials
andBioinspiredTechnologies(FIT)
UniversityofFreiburg
Freiburg,Germany
ISSN2211-0593 ISSN2211-0607 (electronic)
Biologically-InspiredSystems
ISBN978-3-319-46372-8 ISBN978-3-319-46374-2 (eBook)
DOI10.1007/978-3-319-46374-2
LibraryofCongressControlNumber:2016960678
©SpringerInternationalPublishingSwitzerland2016
Thisworkissubjecttocopyright.AllrightsarereservedbythePublisher,whetherthewholeorpartof
thematerialisconcerned,specificallytherightsoftranslation,reprinting,reuseofillustrations,recitation,
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nowknownorhereafterdeveloped.
Theuseofgeneraldescriptivenames,registerednames,trademarks,servicemarks,etc.inthispublication
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Thepublisher,theauthorsandtheeditorsaresafetoassumethattheadviceandinformationinthisbook
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Printedonacid-freepaper
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Preface
This book comprises the first survey of the topics addressed by the Collaborative
Research Centre SFB-TRR 141 ‘Biological Design and Integrative Structures –
Analysis,SimulationandImplementationinArchitecture’,fundedbytheDeutsche
Forschungsgemeinschaft since October 2014. The SFB-TRR 141 provides a col-
laborativeframeworkforarchitectsandengineersfromtheUniversityofStuttgart,
biologistsandphysicistsfromtheUniversityofFreiburgandgeoscientists,material
scientists and evolutionary biologists from the University of Tübingen. The pro-
gramme is based on the belief that biomimetic research has the potential to lead
everyoneinvolvedtonewfindingsfarbeyondhis/herindividualreachandtherealm
ofhis/herintrinsicfieldofresearch.
The contributions in this book summarize the presentations concerning the
various research projects given at the first public conference of the SFB TRR 141
thattookplaceduringtheinitialstagesofourcollaborativeresearchprogrammeat
the‘StaatlichesMuseumfürNaturkunde,Stuttgart’,inNovember2015.Hence,the
contributions to this book present topics, targets and the first interesting findings
rather than the final results of the SFB TRR 141. In addition, the book comprises
thecontributionsofsomeexternalspeakerswhowereinvitedtotheconference.
We wish to thank everyone who contributed to the conference and to the book
but, even more than that, to the creative spirit of mutual inspiration that the SFB
TRR141hasdeveloped,evenatitsearlieststages.
WearealsogratefulforthefundingthatisprovidedbytheDeutscheForschungs-
gemeinschaftandthathasmadeallofthispossible.
Stuttgart,Germany JanKnippers
Tübingen,Germany KlausG.Nickel
Freiburg,Germany ThomasSpeck
v
Acknowledgements
We would like to thank our reviewers whose comments have markedly improved
thearticlespresentedinthebook.
MariaAbouChakra,Max-Planck-InstitutfürEvolutionsbiologie,Plön
JoachimBluhm,UniversitätDuisburg-Essen
RolandEnnos,UniversityofHull
ClaudiaErbar,UniversitätHeidelberg
ClaudiaFleck,TechnischeUniversitätBerlin
MaikGude,TechnischeUniversitätDresden
MichaelHerdy,INPRO,Berlin
Marc-ThorstenHütt,JacobsUniversity,Bremen
GeorgeJeronimidis,UniversityofReading
RolandKappel,KarlsruherInstitutfürTechnologie
CezarKhursigara,UniversityofGuelph
AxelKilian,PrincetonUniversity
WilfriedKonrad,UniversitätTübingen
JohannesKreißig,DGNB,Stuttgart
WolfgangMaier,UniversitätTübingen
JürgenMeinhardt,FraunhoferISC,Würzburg
GöranPohl,PohlArchitekten,Stuttgart
WolfgangRähle,StaatlichesMuseumfürNaturkundeStuttgart
MarkusRüggeberg,ETHZürich
MichaelScheffler,UniversitätMagdeburg
SimonSchleicher,UCBerkeley
ThomasStützel,Ruhr-UniversitätBochum
PeterSupancic,MontanuniversitätLeoben
OliverTessmann,TechnischeUniversitätDarmstadt
GeorgToepfer,ZentrumfürLiteratur-undKulturforschung,Berlin
GeorgVrachliotis,KarlsruherInstitutfürTechnologie
PeterWeiliangXu,TheUniversityofAuckland
TheeditorsareverygratefultoKristinaHajek,ManageroftheSFB-TRR141,for
coordinatingthisbookwithutmostpatienceandcommitment.
vii
Structure and Function of Biological Systems
as Inspiration for Technical Developments
Throughout evolution, organisms have evolved an immense variety of materials,
structures and systems. This book series deals with topics related to structure-
functionrelationshipsindiversebiologicalsystemsandshowshowknowledgefrom
biologycanbeusedfortechnicaldevelopments(bio-inspiration,biomimetics).
Prof.Dr.StanislavN.Gorb,ChristianAlbrechtUniversityofKiel,Kiel,Germany
ix
Contents
1 BiomimeticResearch:ADialogueBetweentheDisciplines............ 1
JanKnippers,ThomasSpeck,andKlausG.Nickel
2 FromMinimalSurfacestoIntegrativeStructures–The
SFB-TRR141intheLightoftheLegacyofFreiOtto
andtheSFB230‘NatürlicheKonstruktionen’.......................... 7
JanKnippers
3 Bionics and Biodiversity – Bio-inspired Technical
InnovationforaSustainableFuture...................................... 11
WilhelmBarthlott,M.DaudRafiqpoor,andWalterR.Erdelen
4 Insect-Inspired Architecture: Insects and Other
ArthropodsasaSourceforCreativeDesigninArchitecture.......... 57
StanislavN.GorbandElenaV.Gorb
5 InSearchofSomePrinciplesofBio-mimeticsinStructural
Engineering ................................................................. 85
BillAddis
6 Fundamentals of Heat and Mass Transport
inFrost-ResistantPlantTissues........................................... 97
Lukas Eurich, Rena Schott, Arndt Wagner,
AnitaRoth-Nebelsick,andWolfgangEhlers
7 PlantsandAnimalsasSourceofInspirationforEnergy
DissipationinLoadBearingSystemsandFacades ..................... 109
KatharinaKlang,GeorgBauer,NicuToader,ChristophLauer,
Kathrin Termin, Stefanie Schmier, Daria Kovaleva,
Walter Haase, Christoph Berthold, Klaus G. Nickel,
ThomasSpeck,andWernerSobek
xi
xii Contents
8 AdaptiveStiffnessandJoint-FreeKinematics:Actively
ActuatedRod-ShapedStructuresinPlantsandAnimals
andTheirBiomimeticPotentialinArchitectureandEngineering.... 135
Oliver Betz, Annette Birkhold, Marco Caliaro,
BenjaminEggs,AnjaMader,JanKnippers,OliverRöhrle,
andOlgaSpeck
9 CompliantMechanismsinPlantsandArchitecture.................... 169
SimonPoppinga,AxelKörner,RenateSachse,LarissaBorn,
Anna Westermeier, Linnea Hesse, Jan Knippers,
ManfredBischoff,GötzT.Gresser,andThomasSpeck
10 BranchedStructuresinPlantsandArchitecture ....................... 195
Larissa Born, Florian A. Jonas, Katharina Bunk,
Tom Masselter, Thomas Speck, Jan Knippers,
andGötzT.Gresser
11 The Skeleton of the Sand Dollar as a Biological Role
ModelforSegmentedShellsinBuildingConstruction:
AResearchReview......................................................... 217
Tobias B. Grun, Layla Koohi Fayegh Dehkordi,
Tobias Schwinn, Daniel Sonntag, Malte von Scheven,
Manfred Bischoff, Jan Knippers, Achim Menges,
andJamesH.Nebelsick
12 ContinuousFusedDepositionModellingofArchitectural
Envelopes BasedontheShellFormationofMolluscs:
AResearchReview......................................................... 243
JamesH.Nebelsick,ChristophAllgaier,BenjaminFelbrich,
DanielCoupek,RenateReiter,GünterReiter,AchimMenges,
ArminLechler,andKarl-HeinzWurst
13 Analysis of Physcomitrella Chloroplasts to Reveal
AdaptationPrinciplesLeadingtoStructuralStability
attheNano-Scale ........................................................... 261
PouyanAsgharzadeh,BugraÖzdemir,StefanieJ.Müller,
OliverRöhrle,andRalfReski
14 Developing theExperimentalBasisforanEvaluation
of Scaling Properties of Brittle and ‘Quasi-Brittle’
BiologicalMaterials ........................................................ 277
Stefanie Schmier, Christoph Lauer, Immanuel Schäfer,
KatharinaKlang,GeorgBauer,MarcThielen,KathrinTermin,
ChristophBerthold,SiegfriedSchmauder,ThomasSpeck,
andKlausG.Nickel