Biocontrol of Lepidopteran Pests: Use of Soil Microbes and their Metabolites

351 Pages·2015·7.05 MB·English

by  K. Sowjanya Sree

Soil Biology
K. Sowjanya Sree
Ajit Varma Editors
Biocontrol of
Lepidopteran
Pests
Use of Soil Microbes and their
Metabolites
Soil Biology
Volume 43
Series Editor
AjitVarma,AmityInstituteofMicrobialTechnology,
Amity University Uttar Pradesh, Noida, UP, India
More information about this series at
http://www.springer.com/series/5138
K. Sowjanya Sree (cid:129) Ajit Varma
Editors
Biocontrol of Lepidopteran
Pests
Use of Soil Microbes and their Metabolites
Editors
K.SowjanyaSree AjitVarma
AmityInstituteofMicrobialTechnology AmityInstituteofMicrobialTechnology
AmityUniversityUttarPradesh AmityUniversityUttarPradesh
Noida Noida
UttarPradesh UttarPradesh
India India
ISSN1613-3382 ISSN2196-4831 (electronic)
SoilBiology
ISBN978-3-319-14498-6 ISBN978-3-319-14499-3 (eBook)
DOI10.1007/978-3-319-14499-3
LibraryofCongressControlNumber:2015933012
SpringerChamHeidelbergNewYorkDordrechtLondon
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Foreword
Insect pest management has always been a major concern to farmers around the
globe. Insect pest attack accounts to as high as 42 % loss of crop productivity, as
estimatedalreadyadecadeback.Lepidopteranpestscontributeamajorsharetothis
croploss.Larvaeofthesepestsareveryvoraciousespeciallyattheyoungerinstars
causing a drastic damage to the crop foliage and produce. Although their natural
enemies do exist, the man-made ecological imbalances do not allow them to
substantially control the huge pest populations. For a long time, the effective
managementofthesepestswasrelieduponthechemicalandsyntheticpesticides.
Butforoverhalfacenturynow,ithasbeenrealisedthattheindiscriminateuseof
these chemicals cause dramatic ill-effects concerning health and environmental
safety. This led to a paradigm shift in the pest management strategies being
practiced.
Thedevelopmentanduseofnaturalenemiesincludingparasites,predatorsand
pathogens of insect pests as biopesticides have gained impetus in the last few
decades, and biopesticide has become one of the key components of Integrated
PestManagement(IPM).Infact,therearesomeverysuccessfulcasesoftheuseof
biopesticidesforinsectcontrol.Afewinstancesarethecontrolofsugarcanestem
borer in India with its parasite Trichogramma spp., and saving of the staple food
crop Cassava in Africa from mealybugs by aerial spray of a tiny parasitic wasp,
Anagyrus lopezi. Amongst these biocontrol agents, the entomopathogenic micro-
organisms have had an edge over the others, because of their production and
application feasibility, specificity, economic viability and environmental safety.
Therefore,thepromotionofbiopesticidesforinsectcontrolholdsgreatpromisefor
thefuture.
The editors of this volume together with the authors of the individual chapters
havemadearemarkablecontributionincollatingtheup-to-dateinformationonthe
successful development and use of insect pathogenic viruses, bacteria, fungi and
nematodes as biopesticides against the lepidopteran pests. Apart from the use of
v
vi Foreword
these microorganisms, their metabolites have also been screened for use as
biopesticides. The use of transgenic technology in developing pest resistant crop
varieties has led to a completely new era of pest management science. The
overwhelming response of farmers towards the cultivation of Bt-cotton crop is
inspirational in looking forward to more such transgenic resistant varieties in the
nearfuture.
Iwish tocongratulate the editorsfor bringing outa unique volume andinsight
intobiologicalcontrolofinsectpests.Thisbookwillbeindispensibleforscientists
and professionals working in the field of crop protection and can also serve as a
referencebookforgraduatestudents.
February2015 M.V.Rajam
DepartmentofGenetics
UniversityofDelhiSouthCampus
NewDelhi
India
Preface
Lepidopteran pest infestation of economically important plants is a menace to
farmers all over the world. These pests are in general polyphagous and voracious
feeders. The larval stages cause huge economic losses to the agricultural yield.
Althoughanumberofchemicalpesticideshavebeendiscoveredandareinuse,the
increasingpestresistancetothesechemicalsisanalarmingprobleminadditionto
the environmental pollution caused by these chemical pesticides. The use of
biocontrol agents for the control of lepidopteran pests is increasingover time and
couldbelookeduponasanupcomingsolutiontoresolvetheenvironmentalissues.
Theentomopathogenicviruses,bacteria,fungi,nematodesandtheirmetabolites
showactiveinsecticidalpropertiesagainstthesepests.Thisvolume,comprisingof
16 chapters, is focused on the characterization, mechanism of action and applica-
tionofsomeoftheseentomopathogenicviruses,bacteria,fungi,nematodesandthe
metabolites of these microbes against the devastating lepidopteran pest species
around the world. The larva of Helicoverpa armigera, one of the economically
important lepidopteran crop pests, infected by NucleoPolyhedro Virus (NPV) is
depictedinFig.2.4(seeChap.2ofthisvolume).
Having a focus on different aspects of entomopathogenic soil microorganisms
andtheirmetabolitesfortheiruseinbiocontroloflepidopteranpests,thisvolume
willattracttheattentionoflifescienceresearchersingeneralandmicrobiologists,
agriculturalresearchers,entomologistsandappliedchemistsinspecific.Itwillalso
servetomotivatetheresearchersfocusedonintegratedpestmanagementstudies.
Itwasourpleasuretointeractwithalltheauthors,andwethankthemfortheir
stimulating contributions. We sincerely wish to acknowledge Hanna Hensler-
FrittonandJuttaLindenbornatSpringer,Heidelberg,fortheirgenerousassistance
andpatienceinshapingthisvolume.K.SowjanyaSreeacknowledgesthefinancial
supportfromScienceandEngineeringResearchBoard,Govt.ofIndia,throughthe
FasttrackYoungScientistscheme.
vii
viii Preface
We are thankful to Dr. Ashok K. Chauhan, Founder President of the Ritnand
Balved Education Foundation (an umbrella organization of Amity Institution),
NewDelhi,forhiskindsupportandconstantencouragement.
Noida,India K.SowjanyaSree
AjitVarma
Contents
1 AnIntroductiontoEntomopathogenicMicroorganisms. . . . . . . . . 1
K.SowjanyaSreeandAjitVarma
2 RoleofNucleopolyhedroviruses(NPVs)intheManagement
ofLepidopteranPestsinAsia. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 11
G.V.RangaRao,Ch.SridharKumar,K.Sireesha,andP.LavaKumar
3 BtInsecticidalCrystalProteins:RoleinInsectManagement
andCropImprovement. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 53
K.Y.SrinivasaRao,DebasisPattanayak,andRohiniSreevathsa
4 IdentificationandCharacterizationofReceptorsforInsecticidal
ToxinsfromBacillusthuringiensis. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 71
RicardoA.Grande-CanoandIsabelG(cid:1)omez
5 Non-BtSoilMicrobe-DerivedInsecticidalProteins. . . . . . . . . . . . . 89
LeelaAlamalakala,SrinivasParimi,SandipDangat,andBharatR.Char
6 TheManagementofSpodopteranPestsUsingFungalPathogens. . . 123
Md.AslamKhanandWasimAhmad
7 ComparativeAccountofGeneralistandSpecialistSpecies
oftheEntomopathogenicFungus,Metarhizium. . . . . .. . . . . . . . .. 161
K.SowjanyaSreeandHemeshJoshi
8 Non-ribosomalPeptidesfromEntomogenousFungi. . . . . . . . . . . . 169
QiongboHuandTingyanDong
9 OptimizationoftheCyclodepsipeptidicDestruxinRecoveryfrom
BrothCultureofMetarhiziumanisopliaeandItsAugmentation
byPrecursorSupplementation. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 207
K.SowjanyaSreeandV.Padmaja
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