Baby gorilla : photographic and descriptive atlas of skeleton, muscles and internal organs including CT scans and comparison with adult gorillas, humans and other primates

111 Pages·2015·13.42 MB·English

by  Rui Diogo

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A ScieNce PUBLiSheRS BOOK
Baby Gorilla: Photographic and
Descriptive Atlas of Skeleton,
Muscles and Internal Organs
Including CT scans and comparison
with adult gorillas, humans and other primates
TThhiiss ppaaggee iinntteennttiioonnaallllyy lleefftt bbllaannkk
Baby Gorilla: Photographic and
Descriptive Atlas of Skeleton,
Muscles and Internal Organs
Including CT scans and comparison
with adult gorillas, humans and other primates
• Rui Diogo • Juan F. Pastor
• Adam Hartstone-Rose • Magdalena N. Muchlinski
p,
A SCIENCE PUBLISHERS BOOK
GL--Prelims with new title page.indd ii 4/25/2012 9:52:40 AM
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Preface
Gorillas, together with chimpanzees, are our closest living relatives. This book is
the first photographic and descriptive musculoskeletal atlas of a baby for any non-
human primate species, being particularly relevant after the remarkable discovery
of a 3.3 million-year-old fossilized human child at Dikika, Ethiopia (“Lucy’s
baby”). The book therefore adopts the same format as our photographic atlases
of adult gorillas, chimpanzees, hylobatids and orangutans, which are part of a
series of monographs that will set out the comparative and phylogenetic context
of the gross anatomy and evolutionary history of the soft tissue morphology of
modern humans and their closest relatives. As the previous books of this series,
the present atlas includes detailed high-quality photographs of musculoskeletal
structures from most anatomical regions of the body as well as textual information
about the attachments, innervation, function and weight of the respective muscles.
However, it includes additional information and photographs about the internal
organs and skin, as well as CT-scans. The book will be of interest to students,
teachers and researchers studying primatology, comparative anatomy, functional
morphology, zoology, and physical anthropology and to medical students, doctors
and researchers who are curious about the origin, evolution, homology and
variations of the musculoskeletal structures of modern humans.
Rui Diogo, 4 June 2014, Washington DC
TThhiiss ppaaggee iinntteennttiioonnaallllyy lleefftt bbllaannkk
Acknowledgements
We gratefully acknowledge support and funding from all of the institutions and
funding bodies that made this project possible; we especially acknowledge support
for RD’s research via a Howard University College of Medicine start-up package.
We particularly acknowledge the Bioparc Valencia for providing the baby gorilla,
and Dr. Jose Manuel Montes (University of Valladolid) for doing the CT-scans.
TThhiiss ppaaggee iinntteennttiioonnaallllyy lleefftt bbllaannkk
Contents
Preface v
Acknowledgements vii
1. Introduction and Aims 1
2. Methodology and Material 3
3. Head and Neck Musculature 6
3.1 Mandibular musculature 6
3.2 Hyoid musculature 8
3.3 Branchial musculature 15
3.4 Hypobranchial musculature 20
3.5 Extra-ocular musculature 23
4. Pectoral and Upper Limb Musculature 25
5. Trunk and Back Musculature 49
6. Diaphragmatic and Abdominal Musculature 53
7. Perineal, Coccygeal and Anal Musculature 55
8. Pelvic and Lower Limb Musculature 58
9. Internal Organs, Skin and Fat 68
Appendix I: Literature Including Information about the Muscles of Gorillas 71
Appendix II: Literature Cited, Not Including Information about the Muscles of Gorillas 79
Index 81
About The Authors 87
Color Plate Section 89