Table Of ContentScience for Sustainable Societies
Rajarshi Dasgupta
Shizuka Hashimoto
Osamu Saito Editors
Assessing, Mapping
and Modelling
of Mangrove
Ecosystem Services
in the Asia-Pacific
Region
Science for Sustainable Societies
Editor-in-Chief
Kazuhiko Takeuchi, Institute for Global Environmental Strategies, Institute for
FutureInitiatives,TheUniversityofTokyo,Tokyo,Japan,Kanagawa,Japan
This series aims to provide timely coverage of results of research conducted in
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SustainabilityScience(IR3S)oftheUniversityofTokyoandtheInstituteforGlobal
EnvironmentalStrategies(IGES).
(cid:129) (cid:129)
Rajarshi Dasgupta Shizuka Hashimoto
Osamu Saito
Editors
Assessing, Mapping
and Modelling of Mangrove
Ecosystem Services
fi
in the Asia-Paci c Region
Editors
RajarshiDasgupta ShizukaHashimoto
InstituteforGlobalEnvironmental DepartmentofEcosystemStudies
Strategies UniversityofTokyo
Hayama,Kanagawa,Japan Tokyo,Tokyo,Japan
OsamuSaito
InstituteforGlobalEnvironmental
Strategies
Hayama,Kanagawa,Japan
ThisworkwassupportedbyAsiaPacificNetworkforGlobalChangeResearch.
ISSN2197-7348 ISSN2197-7356 (electronic)
ScienceforSustainableSocieties
ISBN978-981-19-2737-9 ISBN978-981-19-2738-6 (eBook)
https://doi.org/10.1007/978-981-19-2738-6
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Preface
Mangroves provide a plethora of indispensable ecosystem services that are vital to
human well-being in low-lying coastal areas. They store a disproportionately high
amount of carbon, regulate coastal water quality, protect from storms and waves,
supportlivelihood,andthusplayapivotalroleinbothclimatechangemitigationand
adaptation. Despite providing such immense benefits to humankind, nearly 3.6
million hectaresofmangroveshavealreadybeenlostduetoavariety ofanthropo-
genicfactors,includingcoastaldevelopment,agriculturallandconversion,aquacul-
tureexpansionandover-harvesting.Theremainingmangrovesalsosufferfromthe
threatofdeforestation,anditisfearedthattheecosystemservicesofmangrovesmay
befunctionallylostbytheendofthiscentury.Toprotecttheremainingmangroves,
itisimportanttointegrate theirecosystemservicesincoastallanduseplanningby
monitoringsynergiesandtrade-offsinthecoastaldevelopmentprocess.
Thecurrentandfuturedeliveryofvitalmangroveecosystemservices,suchasthe
ability to store carbon, sediment retention, pollution control and coastal hazard
mitigation, will depend on a series of external factors and uncertainties, including
climate change and anthropogenic disturbances. In 2016, the Intergovernmental
Science-Policy Platform on Biodiversity and Ecosystem Services (IPBES)
recommendedtheadoptionofscenarioexercisestoassessbiodiversityandecosys-
tem services through space and time. Scenarios are a useful tool and a structured
process to determine the uncertain futures, and along with models, can provide
important information on the current and future availability of ecosystem services.
As a structured process, scenario planning involves steps such as identification of
potentialinfluentialdrivers,theirrankingandnarrativedevelopment,amongothers.
Similarly, there are multiple types of models, namely, correlative models, process-
basedmodelsandexpert-basedmodels,toexploreecosystemservices.
This book consists of 16 chapters, which aim to assess, map and model the
mangroves and their vital ecosystem services. Focusing on the Asia-Pacific region
and different ecosystem services of mangroves, the book presents case studies and
methodologicaloverviewsonmangrovescenarioplanning,includingtrendanalysis,
identificationofinfluentialdrivers,geospatialmappingandmodellingofecosystem
v
vi Preface
services. The book is divided into two parts. The first part covers five chapters on
trend analysis and identification of influential drivers of change. The rest of the
chapters narrate different tools and techniques of mapping mangrove ecosystem
services.
Thebookismeantforstudentsandresearchersonmangroves;however,itshould
be also useful for foresters and field-level practitioners. We are hopeful that the
sharedknowledgefromthisbookwillpromotescenarioresearchinAsia-Pacificand
promote evidence-led policy planning for foresting sustainable mangrove commu-
nities.
Hayama,Japan RajarshiDasgupta
Tokyo,Japan ShizukaHashimoto
Hayama,Japan OsamuSaito
Contents
1 EnvisioningtheFutureofMangrovesThroughMapping
andModelingofMangroveEcosystemServices. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1
RajarshiDasgupta,ShizukaHashimoto,andOsamuSaito
PartI TrendAnalysis,ScenarioBuildingandIdentificationofthe
InfluentialDriversofChange
2 MonitoringSpatialandTemporalDistribution,Pattern,
andTrendPredictionofCoastalMangrovesinPakistanUsing
GeospatialTechniques. . . . . .. . . . .. . . . . .. . . . . .. . . . .. . . . . .. 15
MuhammadHussainandAtta-urRahman
3 AssessmentofMangroveColonizationofAquaculturePonds
ThroughSatelliteImageAnalysis:ImplicationsforMangrove
Management. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 31
KriseldaAnnadelosSantos,RamAvtar,SeverinoSalmoIII,
andMasahikoFujii
4 EcosystemServicesandTheirFutureScenariosCentering
onMangroveEcosysteminIshigakiIsland,Japan. . . . . . . . . . . . . 51
YasuoTakahashi,ShizukaHashimoto,andHuangWanhui
5 AParticipatoryStakeholder-BasedApproachtoAssesstheDrivers
andChallengesofMangroveLossinKochi,Kerala,India. . . . . . . 77
SaniyaJoshy,JayshreeShukla,andShaliniDhyani
6 UnderstandingPotentialDriversofMangroveLoss
inBhitarkanikaandMahanadiDelta,India,toEnhance
EffectiveRestorationandConservationEfforts. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 99
ShaliniDhyani,MuktipadaPanda,RakeshKadaverugu,
RajarshiDasgupta,PankajKumar,SunidhiSingh,JayshreeShukla,
ParasPujari,andShizukaHashimoto
vii
viii Contents
PartII AssessingMangroveEcosystemServices
7 AdvancementinMeasurementandEstimationMethodsofBlue
CarbonStudies. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 127
AnirbanAkhand,AbhraChanda,andRajarshiDasgupta
8 ChangeMappingofAbovegroundCarbonStocksandEcosystem
ServicesintheMangroveForestofAndamanIslands:
ImplicationsforConservationandEcosystem-BasedAdaptation. . . 143
AnukulNath,ChitizJoshi,NehruPrabakaran,SonaliGhosh,
andGautamTalukdar
9 DepictingMangrove’sPotentialasBlueCarbonChampionin
Indonesia. . . . .. . . . . .. . . . .. . . . . .. . . . .. . . . .. . . . . .. . . . .. . 167
SyarifahAiniDalimunthe,IntanAdhiPerdanaPutri,
andAriPurwantoSarwoPrasojo
10 Eco-EngineeringandMangroveRestorationMethodstoStabilize
EarthenEmbankmentsandEstablishingBio-ShieldAgainst
NaturalDisasters:ACaseStudyfromSundarbanRamsar
Wetland,India. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 183
AliyaNazandAbhiroopChowdhury
11 EcosystemServicesofUrbanFringeMangroveForests:
TheCaseofTamsuiRiverEstuaryMangroveForest,Taiwan. . . . 199
Ming-KuangChung,Wan-HuiHuang,Li-PeiPeng,
andShizukaHashimoto
12 DiversityandStructuralCharacteristicsofMangroveForests
intheSouthernDistrictofOrientalMindoro,Philippines. . . . . . . . 219
A.F.M.RaganasandD.B.Magcale-Macandog
13 CulturalEcosystemServicesofMangroves:AReviewofModels
andMethods. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 239
KanikaBimrah,RajarshiDasgupta,andIzuruSaizen
14 Capacity-BuildingAroundIndigenousandLocalKnowledge(ILK)
SystemsforEffectiveClimateAdaptationintheLow-LyingCoasts
andSmallIslands. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 251
BinayaRajShivakoti,NagisaShiiba,andPeterKing
15 EcosystemServicesandWell-BeingintheSundarbansof
Bangladesh:AMultipleEvidenceBaseTrajectory. . . . . . . . . . . . . 263
RashedAlMahmudTitumirandMd.ShahParan
16 FosteringMangroveEcosystemServicesforaResilientFuture
fortheAsia-PacificRegion:AKnowledgeSynthesis. . . . . . . . . . . . 283
RajarshiDasgupta,ShizukaHashimoto,andOsamuSaito
Editors and Contributors
About the Editors
RajarshiDasgupta isaSeniorPolicyResearcherintheInstituteforGlobalEnvi-
ronmentalStrategies. Hereceivedhis Ph.D. inGlobal EnvironmentalStudies from
KyotoUniversity,Japan.Hehasworkedextensivelywiththemangrovecommuni-
ties in India, Bangladesh, Myanmar and the Philippines and authored several
research articles in peer-reviewed journals and edited volumes. He served as a
LeadAuthor(LA)fortheIntergovernmentalScience-PolicyPlatformforBiodiver-
sityandEcosystemServices(IPBES)Asia-PacificRegionalAssessmentReportand
currentlyservingastheLeadAuthorfortheIPBESassessmentonSustainableUse
ofWildSpecies.Hiscurrentresearchinterestincludesassessmentandmanagement
of mangrove ecosystem services and their effective utilization for climate change
adaptationanddisasterriskreductionthroughproactivelandscapeplanning.
Shizuka Hashimoto is an Associate Professor at the Department of Ecosystem
Studies, Graduate School of Agricultural and Life Sciences, the University of
Tokyo.He hasmore than tenyears ofexperience inecosystem servicesevaluation
and scenario analysis. He is a member of the Science Council of Japan. At the
internationallevel,hecontributedtotheIntergovernmentalSciencePolicyPlatform
onBiodiversityandEcosystemServices(IPBES)GlobalAssessmentandtheAsia-
Pacific Regional Assessment as a Lead Author, and IPCC-IPBES Co-sponsored
workshop report as a Scientific Steering Committee member. Since 2018, he has
served as one of the Multidisciplinary Expert Panel members of IPBES and a
co-chairoftheTaskForceonScenariosandModels.
OsamuSaito isaprincipalpolicyresearcherandanexpertinthefieldofbiodiver-
sity and ecosystem services. He has been working on the interlinkages between
ecological,humanandsocialsystemsthroughsustainabilityscienceapproaches.His
research experiences include socio-ecological studies on the ecosystem services
provided by traditional rural production landscapes (Satoyama) in both Japan and
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