Asia in Washington: Exploring the Penumbra of Transnational Power

386 Pages·6.911 MB·English

by  Calder, Kent E

How do Asian nations establish, increase, and leverage
their Washington presence? And what is their impact
Calder
on Washington itself and the decisions made in the
halls of power? Asia in Washington explains it all.
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“Washington and Asia are both changing fast, with major implications for global i
washington
affairs. Kent Calder knows that story well, from both the policy and the academic a
angles. His expertise is unsurpassed.”
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— John V. Roos, former U.S. Ambassador to Japan, 2009–13
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Exploring the Penumbra

“Asia in Washington argues that Asian politics has been heavily shaped by the
w
subterranean networks of influence that pervade global cities, and above all,
of Transnational Power
Washington, D.C. Kent Calder has provided a fresh and unexpected perspective on a
the nature of international relations in our globalized world.”
s
— Francis Fukuyama, Olivier Nomellini Senior Fellow, Stanford University Kent e. Calder
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i
“Calder . . . has illuminated [Washington’s] agenda-setting impact on Asia and
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Asia’s attempts to navigate the city’s growing role in U.S.-Asia relations. Others
have sought to explain how Washington works (or doesn’t), but Calder’s approach g
is unique in being empirically rigorous, conceptually sophisticated, and truly
t
insightful.”
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— Satu Limaye, Director of the East-West Center in Washington
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Kent E. Calder is director of the Reischauer Center for East Asian Studies
at SAIS/Johns Hopkins University. He is a former special adviser to the U.S.
ambassador to Japan, Japan Chair at CSIS, and has been professor at Princeton
University for twenty years. His books include Embattled Garrisons: Comparative Base
Politics and American Globalism, Pacific Alliance: Reviving U.S.-Japan Relations, and The
New Continentalism: Energy and Twenty-First Century Eurasian Geopolitics.
brookings institution press
Washington, D.C.
www.brookings.edu/press
Cover by Beth Schlenoff
Cover image: Brad Calkins/Dreamstime.com
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Asia in Washington
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Asia in Washington
Exploring the Penumbra
of Transnational Power
Kent E. Calder
brookings institution press
Washington, D.C.
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Copyright © 2014
the brookings institution
1775 Massachusetts Avenue, N.W., Washington, DC 20036
www.brookings.edu
All rights reserved. No part of this publication may be reproduced or
transmitted in any form or by any means without permission in writing
from the Brookings Institution Press.
The Brookings Institution is a private nonprofit organization devoted
to research, education, and publication on important issues of domestic
and foreign policy. Its principal purpose is to bring the highest quality
independent research and analysis to bear on current and emerging policy
problems. Interpretations or conclusions in Brookings publications
should be understood to be solely those of the authors.
Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication data is available.
ISBN 978-0-8157-2554-1 (pbk. : alk. paper)
9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1
Printed on acid-free paper
Typeset in Sabon
Composition by Cynthia Stock
Silver Spring, Maryland
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To the memory of
speaker thomas s. foley
Statesman, Diplomat,
and Builder of True Trans-Pacific Partnership
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Contents
List of Figures and Tables ix
List of Abbreviations xi
Preface and Acknowledgments xiii
Introduction: Toward a New Paradigm
for International Relations 1
  1 Washington as a Global Political City 8
  2 Washington’s Power Game and Its Transformation 30
  3 The Washington Factor in Asia 64
  4 The Asia Factor in Washington 86
  5 Asia across America: The Changing Calculus 102
  6 Profiles of National Response:
Overview and Hypotheses 122
  7 Northeast Asia in Washington 140
  8 South and Southeast Asia in Washington 202
  9 Global Implications 253
10 Policy Implications 268
vii
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viii Contents
Appendixes
A. Important Events, America and Asia, 1784–2013 281
B. Registered Foreign Agents in Washington,
Key Asian Governments, 1945–2010 287
Bibliography 289
Notes 293
Index 355
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List of Figures
and Tables
Figures
1-1. Conceptualizing the Global Political-Economic
Role of Cities 12
1-2. State, Community, and the Evolution of Global
Political Cities 14
1-3. Washington’s Foreign-Born Population, 1970–2010 22
1-4. Washington’s Penumbra of Power 25
2-1. Washington’s Volatile Population Growth, 1850–2010 32
2-2. Growing Concentration in the U.S. Lobbying Sector,
1998–2011 42
2-3. The Washington Information Complex 45
2-4. The Massachusetts Avenue Information Complex 47
2-5. The Postwar Emergence of Greater Washington,
1900–2010 48
2-6. The Geographic Profile of Greater Washington 51
3-1. America’s Asian Interlocutors 65
3-2. Trade Dependence on the U.S. Market: Japan, Taiwan,
Korea, Hong Kong, China 75
3-3. South and Southeast Asian Trade Dependence on
the United States 77
3-4. “United States as World’s Leading Economic Power” 81
3-5. “International Trade Is of Value” 81
3-6. “Is the United States Considerate of Your Country’s
Interests?” 82
ix
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