Art Cities, Cultural Districts and Museums

257 Pages·2010·3.3 MB·English

Luciana Lazzeretti (edited by), Art Cities, Cultural Districts and Museums.
An economic and managerial study of the culture sector in Florence
© 2004 Firenze University Press, ISBN 88-8453-126-8
Art Cities, Cultural Districts and Museums.
An economic and managerial study
of the culture sector in Florence
edited by Luciana Lazzeretti
Art cities, cultural districts ad museums an economic and
managerial study of the culture sector in Florence / edited by
Luciana Lazzeretti. – Firenze : Firenze university press, 2004 .
http://digital.casalini.it/8884531268
ISBN 88-8453-126-8 (online)
ISBN 88-8453-125-X (print)
363.69 (ed. 20)
Patrimonio artistico – Firenze
Imprese - Gestione
Cover: Trivio di cipressi coltelli, Opera di Riccardo Biondi,
scultore in Bagno a Ripoli, Firenze.
Translation by Lydia Cleary
Layout by Alessandra Pini
© (2004) by Firenze University Press
Università degli Studi di Firenze
Firenze University Press
Borgo Albizi, 28
50122 Firenze
Italy
http://epress.unifi.it
Printed in Italy
Dedicated to Dublin, city and desire
L.L.
This work has been completed and published thanks to the contribution of the following
research projects: Progetto di ricerca scientifica d’Ateneo ex 60% (Florence), “Il contributo
dell’ecologia organizzativa nell’analisi dei sistemi locali: le città d’arte”; progetto strategico
di Ateneo (Florence), “Musei e città d’arte: il sistema museale fiorentino”, National
Research Council 960156910, co-ordinated by Prof. L. Lazzeretti; Progetto Junta de
Andalucia “Ciudades del arte y distritos culturales. Base para un modelo alternativo de
desarollo sostenibile en Andalucia”, co-ordinated by Prof. L. Palma of the University of
Seville; Progetto di ricerca scientifica d’Ateneo ex 60% (Firenze), “Aziende non profit e
non reciprocal transfers: problematiche di contabilizzazione ed esposizione in bilancio”, co-
ordinated by Prof. B. Sibilio; didactic projects “Corso di perfezionamento in Economia e
Gestione dei Beni Museali” of the Faculty of Economics of Florence, co-financed by the
Fondazione Ente Cassa di Risparmio di Firenze; assisted by the translation services of
Firenze University Press.
I should like to thank those who participated in the congresses where these papers were
presented for their valuable suggestions and advice.
I should also like to thank the Municipality of Fiesole which has hosted for the last four
years the Postgraduate Course in Economics and Management of Museum Assets organised
by the Faculty of Economics of Florence, where this work in part originated and especially
the Mayor Alessandro Pesci, Dott.Livia Marinetto and Dott. Monica Mani; the bodies
which offered patronage and sponsorship to this course (Comune di Firenze, Ordine dei
Dottori Commercialisti di Firenze, Ente Cassa di Risparmio di Firenze; the colleagues and
cultural operators participating in the course. Without their help and encouragement this
book would probably not have been written. Lastly I would like to thank Alessandra Pini
for her editing and the translators Lydia Cleary for her revision of this work, the sculptor
Riccardo Biondi for the cover and the publishing house FUP in the persons of Patrizia
Cotoneschi and Chiara Bullo for having believed in this book.
Contents
Acknowledgements vii
If I were a traveller… ix
Introduction xi
Part I – Art cities and cultural districts
1. The art city as a unit of analysis for strategic management. From the
government of complexity to the government in evolution
Luciana Lazzeretti 3
2. The art city as a HCLocal System and cultural districtualisation processes:
the art-restoration cluster in Florence
Luciana Lazzeretti 17
3. The cluster of Florence museums and the Network Analysis: the case
study of “Museo dei Ragazzi”
Luciana Lazzeretti, Tommaso Cinti and Marco Mariani 33
4. Dynamic and localised density dependence in the hotel industry:
benchmarking between Florence (1940-1996) and Seville (1945-1999)
Luciana Lazzeretti, Giancarla Brusoni and Francesco Capone 61
5. The economic enhancement of cultural and artistic heritage: a focus on
Community programmes
Luciana Lazzeretti, Francesco Capone and Tommaso Cinti 77
Part II – Art cities and museums
6. The control system in non-profit organisations. A consideration of cultural
organisations
Barbara Sibilio 113
7. The enhancement of art assets through the establishment of foundations:
the case of the Marino Marini Foundation in Florence
Francesca Papini and Niccolò Persiani 139
v
Luciana Lazzeretti (edited by), Art Cities, Cultural Districts and Museums.
An economic and managerial study of the culture sector in Florence
© 2004 Firenze University Press, ISBN 88-8453-126-8
vi
8. Opificio delle Pietre Dure in Florence (1882-1905)
Marco Mainardi and Massimo Valeri 163
9. The museum of the Opera of Santa Maria del Fiore: the history of the first
twenty-five years of activity
Fabio Ciaponi and Francesco Dainelli 185
10.The network of resources in museum management: the “New Palazzo
Vecchio” in Florence
Elena Livi 207
List of references 223
Lists of tables and figures 239
List of contributors 241
Acknowledgments
We thank the editors for having authorised the reproduction of the various
versions of the papers published as conference records, parts of books and in
journals.
Chapter 1 – The art city as a unit of analysis for strategic management. From the
government of complexity to the government in evolution: an Italian
version was first published in “Rivista geografica italiana”, n.104,
1997, pp. 663-682, © Società Geografica Italiana; a first version was
published in the Proceedings of the Conference “Viaggio e
viaggiatori nell’età del turismo: per una riqualificazione dell’offerta
turistica nelle città d’arte”, Florence, November 13-15, 1997, edited
by M. Ciacci, Florence, Leo Olschki Editore, 2000, pp. 197-217.
Chapter 2 –The art city as a HCLocal system and cultural districtualisation
processes: the art-restoration cluster in Florence: first published in
“International Journal of Urban and Regional Research”, Vol. 27,
no. 3, September 2003, © Joint Editors and Blackwell Publishing
Ltd; a Spanish translation was published in “Cuadernos de Economia
de la cultura”, OIKOS, enero-junio 2003, pp.33-53; a previous
version was published in the Proceedings of the VIIIth National
Meeting of ERSA-APDR, Vila Real, Portugal, June 29-July 1, 2001,
Desenvolvimento e ruralidades no espaço europeu, Vol.1, pp. 577-
593; also forthcoming in the Proceeding of the Conference of
GREMI 6 “Développement et création d’emplois à partir des
ressources territoriales Milieux aux ressources naturelles”, Neuchâtel
(Suisse), April 26-27, 2002; an Italian version is now in Pilotti L.
(2003) (ed.), Conoscere l’arte per conoscere. Marketing, organiz-
zazione, identità e consumatore, Padova, CEDAM, pp. 379-402.
Chapter 3 – The cluster of Florence museums and the Network Analysis: the case
study of “Museo dei Ragazzi”: an Italian version is forthcoming in
Creare e valorizzare i distretti museali, Proceedings of the
International Conference “The Museum as a ‘firm’: from the
conservation of value to the creation of values”, Convitto della
Calza, Florence, November 6-7, 2003, edited by B. Sibilio Parri,
Milano, Franco Angeli.
vii
Luciana Lazzeretti (edited by), Art Cities, Cultural Districts and Museums.
An economic and managerial study of the culture sector in Florence
© 2004 Firenze University Press, ISBN 88-8453-126-8
viii
Chapter 4 – Dynamic and localised density dependence in the hotel industry:
benchmarking between Florence (1940-1996) and Seville (1945-
1999): published in Nova economia e desenvolvimento regional,
proceedings of the IX National Meeting of APDR, Lisboa, June 27-
29, 2002, vol. 1; also on line in Proceedings of “New Economy and
Regional Development”, http://www.apdr.pt/eng/indexEng.htm.
Chapter 6 – The control system in non-profit organisations. A consideration of
cultural organisations: an Italian version was published in
Proceedings of the International Conference “Aziende non profit: il
governo dello sviluppo e il finanziamento dell'innovazione”, Trento,
June 8-9, 2001, Problematiche di gestione nelle aziende non profit,
edited by D. Cavenago, Trento, Edizioni31, 2003
Chapter 7 – The enhancement of art assets through the establishment of
foundations: the case of the Marino Marini foundation in Florence:
an Italian version was published in “EconomiaAziendale2000 on line
review”, 2002.
Chapter 8 – Opificio delle Pietre Dure in Florence (1882-1905): an Italian
version was published in Proceedings of the VI National Conference
of History of Accounting, “Contabilità e cultura aziendale”, Caserta,
October 4-5, 2001, Pisa-Roma, Istituti editoriali e poligrafici
internazionali, 2003, pp. 462-487.
Chapter 9 – The Museum of the Opera of Santa Maria del Fiore: the history of
the first twenty-five years of activity: an Italian version was published
in Proceedings of the VI National Conference of History of
Accounting, “Contabilità e cultura aziendale”, Caserta, October 4-5,
2001, Pisa-Roma, Istituti editoriali e poligrafici internazionali, 2003,
pp. 307-331.
Chapter 10 –The network of resources in museum management: the case of “New
Palazzo Vecchio” in Florence: first published in Italian in Pilotti L.
(2003) (ed.), Conoscere l’arte per conoscere. Marketing, organiz-
zazione, identità e consumatore, Padova, CEDAM, pp. 545-563.
If I were a traveller… Se io fossi un Viaggiatore…
If I were a traveller to the Court of the Gran Se io fossi un Viaggiatore alla corte del
Kan, like Marco Polo in Calvino’s Le città in- Gran Kan, come il Marco Polo delle Città in-
visibili and I had to talk about Florence and visibili di Calvino, e dovessi raccontare di
what it meant to produce wealth from one’s Firenze e di che cosa significa produrre ric-
artistic, cultural and environmental resources, chezza con le sue risorse artistiche, culturali e
how would I set out my argument? And then, naturali, come argomenterei? Ed ancora: a
which city named after a woman could I best quale delle città con nome di donna potrei ri-
use as an example to express the idea of the art correre per esprimere meglio l’idea di città
city proposed here? d’arte che qui si propone?
I could refer to cities and memory, like Zora Potrei fare riferimento alle città e la memoria,
the city which once seen can never be forgotten come Zora, città che chi l’ha vista non può più
(p. 34), or to cities and eyes like Valdrada, the dimenticare (p. 34), o alle città e gli occhi come
mirrored city, which encompasses at the same Valdrada, la città dello specchio, che è al
time two cities: one the right way up above the contempo due città: una diritta sopra il lago e
lake and one upside down reflection (p. 53), or una riflessa capovolta (p. 53), o ad Eudossia,
to Eudossia, a city and the brilliant sky with its una città e il cielo che splende con le sue sim-
carpet-like symmetries (p. 97); or to Smeraldina metrie di tappeto (p. 97); oppure a Smeraldina
(Venice perhaps), the city on the water, a grid of (forse Venezia), città acquatica, reticolo di ca-
canals and roads laid over each other, a splendid nali e di strade che si sovrappongono, splendido
example of city and junctions (p. 89). esempio di città e scambi (p. 89).
I certainly wouldn’t tell Kublai Kan of the Di certo non racconterei al Kublai Kan, delle
continuous cities, I wouldn’t speak of Trude, for città continue, non parlerei di Trude, ad
instance, where if the person arriving didn’t esempio, dove chi vi arriva, se non avesse letto
read the name of the city they’d think they’d il nome della città avrebbe pensato di non essere
never left home the world is covered by a single mai partito. il mondo è ricoperto da un’unica
Trude which doesn’t have a beginning or an Trude che non comincia e non finisce, cambia
end but where only the name of the airport solo il nome dell’aeroporto.p.29; né di Cecilia,
changes (p. 29); nor of Cecilia, a city without a città senza nome per il capraio e le sue bestie,
name for the goatherd and his beasts, a place luogo senza foglie tra un pascolo e l’altro
without leaves between one pasture and another (p. 152); né di Pentesilea dove sono ore che
(p. 152); nor of Pentesilea where after hours of avanzi e non ti è chiaro se sei già in mezzo alla
walking it’s still not clear whether you’re in the città o ancora fuori (p. 156)… dove a chi in-
middle of the city or still outside it (p. 156)... contri, sia esso venuto per lavorare o dormine,
where the people you meet, whether there to chiedi senza ottener risposta Ma la città dove si
work or to sleep fail to reply when you ask: But vive? dov’è?.
where’s the city where people live? Tutte e nessuna delle città invisibili di cui si
All and none of the invisible cities told of, narra, siano esse città nascoste o sottili, città e
whether hidden or tenuous, cities and the dead i morti o città e il desiderio, pare sintetizzare
or cities and desire, appear to fully express the appieno l’idea di Firenze, città d’arte e di
idea of Florence, the city of art and trade, scambi, che qui si propone. Una città capace di
proposed here. A city able to produce not just produrre non solo arte e cultura, ma anche
art and culture but also old and new trades, old nuovi e vecchi mestieri, nuovi e vecchi pro-
and new products and services, in a dotti e servizi, per un ritrovato modello di
rediscovered model of economic development sviluppo economico basato su un nuovo fattore
based on a new production factor: the CAEH di produzione: il PACA ovvero il patrimonio
or in other words the cultural, artistic and artistico culturale e ambientale della città.
environmental heritage of the city. La nostra città d’arte è un luogo denso di si-
Our art city is a place dense with meaning, gnificati, di contesti, come direbbe Bateson che
with contexts, as Bateson would say which do definisce ed identifica non solo il luogo di per
not just identify and define the place in itself sé, ma anche gli attori e le risorse che in esso si
but the actors and resources within it too, trovano, siano essi attori economici, non eco-
ix
whether economic, non-economic or institu- nomici ed istituzionali; siano esse risorse mate-
tLioucniaaln aa Lcatzozresr;e ttwi (heedtitheedr b yta),n Agritb Cleit,i esi,n Ctaunltguirball eD,istrictsr iaanlid Mou seimummsa.teriali, umane o non umane;
An economic and managerial study of the culture sector in Florence
human or non-human resources; creating a raccogliendo in un unico caledoiscopio l’identità
© 2004 Firenze University Press, ISBN 88-8453-126-8
collective identity of the community in a collettiva della sua comunità.
single kaleidoscope.