arnold Ciqobavas arnold Ciqobavas sakiTxavebi sakiTxavebi XXIII

47 Pages·2013·0.7 MB·Lithuanian

ivane JavaxiSvilis saxelobis Tbilisis saxelmwifo aaaavvvvTTTTaaaannnnddddiiiillll aaaarrrraaaabbbbuuuulllliiii
universiteti
ddddeeeerrrriiiivvvvaaaacccciiiiiiiissss ppppaaaarrrraaaaddddiiiiggggmmmmaaaattttuuuulllliiii nnnniiiiSSSSnnnniiiissssaaaaTTTTvvvviiiissss
arnold Ciqobavas saxelobis enaTmecnierebis

instituti
derivati, Cveulebisamebr, aris meoreuli enobrivi niSani,
romelic miRebulia amosaval fuZeze warmomqmneli elemente-

bis darTviT (da leqsikuri mniSvnelobis cvliT).
magram arsebobs iseTi enobrivi erTeulebi, romelTa opo-

ziciuri mimarTeba Sinaarsobrivad sityvawarmoebiTia, magram

es saderivacio elementebs ar ukavSirdeba; magaliTad:

1. cnobilia, rom kuTvnilebiTi nacvalsaxeli warmoqmni-

aaaarrrrnnnnoooolllldddd CCCCiiiiqqqqoooobbbbaaaavvvvaaaassss lia piris nacvalsaxelis naTesaobiTi brunvis formisagan. ama-
ve dros, es warmoqmna:
ssssaaaakkkkiiiiTTTTxxxxaaaavvvveeeebbbbiiii a) I piris nacvalsaxelTan dafuZnebulia fuZis supletu-
robaze:
mmmmeeee _ CCCCeeeemmmm-i
b) III pirTan _ supleturobasa da brunvis niSnis warmo-
XXIII mqmnel funqciaze:
iiiiggggiiii _ mmmm----iiiissss-i

magram ra aris aseTi opoziciis safuZveli II piris nacval-

saxelisa da I-II pirTa nacvalsaxelebis mravlobiTis SemTxvevaSi:

SSSSeeeennnn _ SSSSeeeennnn-i
2012 wlis 24-27 aprili
CCCCvvvveeeennnn _ CCCCvvvveeeennnn-i
mas al e bi TTTTqqqqvvvveeeennnn _ TTTTqqqqvvvveeeennnn-i
saxelobiTi brunvis niSani saderivacio elementad ver mi-

iCneva; amitomac aseTi fuZeTganmasxvavebeli gamodis paradigma-

tuli statusi:
SSSSeeeennnn# (rogorc ubrunveli) _ SSSSeeeennnn-i (rogorc brunebadi).

2. analogiuri principi unda davinaxoT zogi zmnisarTisa

da saxelis SepirispirebaSi. mag.: dRe (ars. sax.) _ dRe (`dRi-

siT~). es omonimiis tipobrivi SemTxveva ar aris. opozicia

Tbilisi aqac paradigmatul safuZvelzea:
ddddRRRReeee-O (brunebadi) _ ddddRRRReeee# (ubrunveli an Taviseburad
2012
brunebadi).
7
nnnnooooddddaaaarrrr aaaarrrrddddooootttteeeelllliiii erTmaneTs daemTxvnen (bacb. *tÀ > lÀ, * > lÀ; sak. did. *l >
lÀ, * > lÀ). garda amisa, mJReri lateraluri afrikatebi sa-
llllaaaatttteeeerrrraaaalllluuuurrrr aaaaffffrrrriiiikkkkaaaattttTTTTaaaa ggggeeeennnneeeezzzziiiissssiiiissssaaaaTTTTvvvviiiissss kvlev enebSi ar Semonaxula, amitom am fonemaTa rekonstruq-
nnnnaaaaxxxxuuuurrrrssssaaaa ddddaaaa ddddaaaaGGGGeeeessssttttnnnnuuuurrrr eeeennnneeeebbbbSSSSiiii
cia hipoTezuri xasiaTisaa.

lateralur refleqsTa zemowarmodgenili Tanxvdena ga-
naxur-daRestnuri enebidan lateralur afrikatTa siste-
rkveulwilad Sepirobebulia imiT, rom naxur-daRestnur enaTa
ma, romelic xuTwevrian lokalur rigs gulisxmobs, sinqroni-
yru lateralebi erTdroulad gvevlinebodnen ori korelaci-
ulad Semonaxulia oden xunZur-andiur-didour enaTa qvejguf-
is (a. rekursiisa da b. intensiurobis) wevrebad.
Si, arCibulsa da bacbur enebSi. araintensiuri abruptiuli
3. danarCen sakvlev enebSi amosavalma lateralurma afri-
lateraluri afrikati *tÀ gvxvdeba mxolod xunZuri enis zog
katebma sxvadasxvagvari da sxvadasxvadrouli transformaciis
dialeqtSi, andiurSi, karataulsa da axvaxur enebSi. bacbur
Sedegad mogvces mravalgvari refleqsebi. qveviT tabulis
enaSi *tÀ spontanurad Seicvala: *tÀ > t. xunZur-andiur-di-
saxiT mogvyavs mxolod ZiriTadi saxesxvaobani.
dour enebSi spirantizaciis tendenciiT gamoirCeva *l ,
V
didour enebSi ki _ *lÀ, mag.: axv. lVab- ~ xunZ. lÀab- ~ beJ. seria
araintens. intens. araintens. intens.
lÀa- `sami~; xunZ. anl'- ~ and. onl'i- ~ did. ilÀ- `eqvsi~... mJReri
fSvinvieri fSvinvieri abruptivi abruptivi
qveviT sqematurad warmodgenilia sakvlevi enebis latera- enebi
lur afrikatTa (resp. spirantTa) Sesatyvisobebis ZiriTadi *  l   t¾
formulebis sinoptikuri tabula. lakuri l/q   k k
darguuli q/g q ƒ/ k ‡ || ƒ
seria lezgiuri q   y k
araintens. intens. araintens. intens.
mJReri fSvinvieri fSvinvieri abruptivi abruptivi Tabasaranuli    k q
enebi aRuluri /  ƒ k q
*  l   t¾ ruTuluri j/w  h ||  y g/q
xunZuri t¾    t¾ waxuri R/l  x k g/q/q
andiuri t¾    t¾ xinaluRuri k q q k q/k
boTlixuri t¾ h   t¾ udiuri R/l x ƒ y y
bagvaluri t¾   ‡ t¾ CeCnuri l _ x t l
karatauli t¾   ‡, l t¾
axvaxuri t¾ l   t¾
specialur literaturaSi saanalizo lateralTa Sesaxeb
didouri    t¾ 
gamoTqmulia sxvadasxvagvari mosazrebebi: erTni maT velarul
arCibuli  _  k q
Tanxmovnebs ukavSireben (n. trubecskoi, arn. Ciqobava,
bacburi l _ x t 
o. kaxaZe...), meoreni lateralebs Crdilokavkasiuri enobrivi
yuradRebas iqcevs is faqti, rom zogierT enaSi afrikatu- erTianobis xanisaTvis aRadgenen (e. bokarevi, t. gudava, i. de-
li lateralebis refleqsebi spontanur cvlilebebis Sedegad Serievi, b. gigineiSvili...), mesameni ki lateralebis arsebobas
saerTokavkasiuri (resp. saerToiberiul-kavkasiuri) fuZeenis xa-
8 9
nisTvis varaudoben (v. ginekeni, k. Smidti, h. fenrixi, m. qur- 3. mmmmeeeeoooorrrreeee SSSSeeeemmmmTTTTxxxxvvvveeeevvvvaaaaSSSSiiii ----bbbbeeee sufiqsi ingilour dialeqtSi
diani...). Tvis/-Tun Tandebulebis paralelurad gamoiyeneba:
Cveni azriT, lateraluri afrikatebi udaod rekonstru- kaci-Tun//kaci-be uTqom (kak., aliab., qoT.)
irdeba saerTonaxur-daRestnur enobriv doneze. fuZeenaSi la- zaRli-be `ZaRlisTvis~.
teralTa povnierebis dasasabuTeblad utyuar arguments ----bbbbeeee-s ramdenime fonetikuri varianti moepoveba: (-be/-/beÁ//
-beÁT//-beT),
warmoadgens is kanonzomieri da regularuli bgeraTSesatyvi-
magaliTad: Tavi-beÁ, kaci-beÁT, ra-beT, fahCa-be da sxv.
sobani, romlebic TvalsaCinod vlindeba naxursa da daRes-
es Tandebuli ingilour dialeqtSi daerTvis naTesaobiT
tnur enebs Soris.
brunvas.
em qaliTunac er wyil baSmay gaasworas `am qalisTvisac
erTi wyvili fexsacmeli iyidos~.
Sen kaÁ kac xar, Sen gulisTun sam welze Cumual `Sen kar-
gi kaci xar, Seni gulisTvis sam wels davakleb~.
mmmmaaaaiiiiaaaa bbbbaaaarrrriiiixxxxaaaaSSSSvvvviiiilllliiii
Conbe maiRa, mezoblibe ki ar `CvenTvis moitana, mezoblis-

Tvis ki ara~.
bbbbeeee---- ssssuuuuffffiiiiqqqqssssiiiissss ggggaaaannnnaaaawwwwiiiilllleeeebbbbiiiissssaaaaTTTTvvvviiiissss iiiinnnnggggiiiilllloooouuuurrrr
ddddiiiiaaaalllleeeeqqqqttttSSSSiiii ramdenadac qarTuli enisaTvis ----bbbbeeee sufiqsi ucxoa, SeiZle-
ba vivaraudoT, rom ingilour dialeqtSi igi Semosuli unda
iyos hereTis teritoriaze mcxovrebi sxva erovnebis warmomad-
es sakiTxi mniSvnelovania imdenad, ramdenadac, Cveni mosaz-
genelTa metyvelebidan.
reba am morfologiuri erTeulis Sesaxeb am sakiTxebiT dain-
naTela rostiaSvili Tavis naSromSi cdilobs ----bbbbeeee sufiq-
teresebuli sxva mkvlevrebis varaudisagan gansxvavdeba.
sis genezisi eZios iberiul-kavkasiur enebSi.
qarTuli enis ingilour dialeqtSi ----bbbbeeee sufiqsi sxvadasxva
am sakiTxTan dakavSirebiT Cven gansxvavebuli mosazreba
funqciiT aris warmodgenili.
gvaqvs.
1. ----bbbbeeee sufiqsi aRniSnavs micemiT brunvaSi dasmul irib
obieqts:
zardoÁ-be uTxar moudes `zardos uTxari movides~.
bebri-be ebneb `moxuc qals eubneba~. mmmmaaaannnnaaaannnnaaaa bbbbuuuukkkkiiiiaaaa
zeÁ miaqs, bebri-be azlevs `rZe miaqvs da moxucs aZlevs~.
mamaÁ-be misc `mamas mieci~. qqqqaaaarrrrTTTTvvvveeeelllluuuurrrr----aaaaffffxxxxaaaazzzzuuuurrrriiii lllliiiinnnnggggvvvvooookkkkuuuullllttttuuuurrrruuuulllliiii
2. rogorc zemoT moyvanili magaliTebidan irkveva, -bbbbeeee uuuurrrrTTTTiiiieeeerrrrTTTToooobbbbiiiissss iiiissssttttoooorrrriiiiiiiiddddaaaannnn.... IIIIVVVV....
sufiqsi erTvis micemiTi brunvis formas da gamoxatavs mice- kkkkuuuulllliiiinnnnaaaarrrriiiiuuuulllliiii lllleeeeqqqqssssiiiikkkkaaaa

miTSi dasmul irib obieqts I da II seriis zmnebTan maSin, ro-
qarTvelTa da afxazTa xangrZlivi istoriuli urTierTo-
desac ingilouris aliabadur kilokavSi Cveulebriv gamoiyene-
bis kvali kargad Cans enobriv masalaSi.
ba -s niSniani micemiTi:
moxsenebaSi ganxilulia erT-erT dargSi, kulinariul leq-
burTi-be hkravs _ burTs artyams (alibeglo, qoToqlo)
sikaSi moZiebuli sityvebi. ramdenime aTeuli leqsikuri erTe-
burTs hkravs (kak. aliabaT, iTiTala, mosuli da sxv.)
10 11
ulis analizma gviCvena, rom sesxeba orive mimarTulebiT xde- it. maccheroni , rus. макарон > qarT. mmmmaaaakkkkaaaarrrroooonnnniiii > megr. mmmmaaaa----
ba, gvaqvs ucxo enebidan SeTvisebuli formebi, ukunasesxobebi. kkkkaaaarrrrnnnnaaaa > afx. mmmmaaaakkkkrrrrHHHHnnnnaaaa `id~
gansakuTrebul yuradRebas ipyrobs orenovani kompozitebi, sp. SSSSççççqqqqççççrrrr > qarT. SSSSaaaaqqqqaaaarrrriiii > afx. aaaa----SSSSaaaaqqqqaaaarrrr / aaaa----SSSSaaaaqqqq½½½½aaaarrrr `id~ (Wa-
romelTa didi nawili afxazur enaSia warmodgenili, gvxvdeba
raia, Sagirovi)
megrulSic.

leqsemaTa nawili ukve ganxilulia samecniero literatu-
hibriduli kompozitebi:
raSi, nawili ki Cven mieraa pirvelad SemoTavazebuli. a. afxazuri:
qarTveluri > afxazuri:
aaaa----kkkkaaaalllliiiiaaaayyyy°ààààdddd / aaaa----yyyy°ààààddddkkkkaaaalllliiiiaaaa `parki lobio~ < kkkkaaaalllliiiiaaaa (megr.)
megr. bbbbJJJJeeee `Zmari~ > afx. aaaa----bbbbJJJJeeee `id~
`ekala~, aaaa----yyyy°ààààdddd (afx.) `lobio~ (gvancelaZe)
megr. ggggeeeebbbbJJJJaaaallllaaaaffffiiiirrrriiii ````axali sulguni pitniT da mariliT
aaaa----ccccxxxxaaaarrrraaaannnnjjjj `fiWa~ < aaaa----ccccxxxxaaaa (afx.) `fiWa~, [[[[ssssaaaa]]]]rrrraaaannnnjjjjiiii (megr.)
Sekmazuli~ > afx. aaaa----gggg½½½½aaaabbbbJJJJaaaaffffHHHHrrrr / aaaa----gggg½½½½ààààbbbbJJJJaaaaffffHHHHrrrr `id~
`fiWa~
qarT. zzzzeeeeddddaaaaSSSSeeee `wiTeli Rvino, romelsac xmaroben ziarebis
aaaa----CCCCaaaa----RRRR°aaaazzzzaaaallll `ritualuri puri~ < aaaa----CCCCaaaa (afx.) `puri~, RRRRvvvveeee----
an jvrisweris dros~ > afx. aaaa----zzzzaaaaddddaaaaSSSS (abJ.) `zedaSe, qvevridan
zzzzeeeelllliiii `xorcis, yvel-kvercxisa da misT. gulis mqone namcxvari~
pirvelad amoRebuli Rvino~
(qegl)
megr. kkkkaaaaWWWWaaaabbbbeeee `nigvziani suneli~ > afx. aaaa----kkkkaaaaWWWWbbbbeeee `id~
aaaa----yyyy°ààààddddxxxxaaaarrrrkkkkaaaalllleeee `kirkaJi~ < aaaa----yyyy°ààààdddd (afx.) `lobio~, xxxxaaaarrrrkkkkaaaa----
megr. kkkkvvvvaaaarrrrwwwwaaaaxxxxiiii `tyemlis sawebeli~ > afx. aaaa----kkkkvvvvaaaarrrrccccaaaaxxxx
lllliiiiaaaa (megr.) `kirkaJi~ (gvancelaZe)
`id~ (Sagirovi)

megr. kkkkooooxxxxaaaa `tyemlis simJave, kvawaraxi~, laz. kkkkooooxxxxaaaa `mkvaxe b. megruli:
yurZeni~ > afx. aaaa----kkkk°aaaaxxxxaaaa `tyemlis sawebeli~ xxxxiiiijjjjeeeebbbbJJJJaaaa `xseni~ < aaaa----xxxxjjjjaaaajjjjaaaa (afx.) `xseni~, bbbbJJJJaaaa (megr.) `rZe~
megr. jjjjaaaannnnjjjjuuuuxxxxaaaa `CurCxela~ > afx. aaaa----jjjjaaaannnnjjjjààààxxxx°aaaa / aaaa----jjjjaaaannnnjjjjààààRRRR° ` id~
(janaSia) gvaqvs ramdenime sityva, romelsac ukunasesxobad vTvliT
megrulSi:
afxazuri > qarTveluri:
aaaa----cccc°HHHHrrrrcccc°mmmmaaaa `TafliTa da qoniT Sezavebuli Romi~ > svan. aaaajjjjiiiikkkkaaaa `danayuli wiwakisa da sxva saneleblebis cxare sawe-
beli~ afxazuridanaa Semosuli, afxazuri forma ki momdinare-
ccccHHHHrrrrccccmmmmaaaa `fafa qonnarevi~ (saRliani)
obs megrulSi arsebuli Sesityvebis jjjjiiiimmmmuuuu----kkkkaaaakkkkiiiilllliiii-sagan > ****jjjjiiiimmmm----
aaaa----ccccqqqq½½½½aaaaSSSS° `ritualuri yveli~ > megr. ccccqqqqeeeebbbbzzzziiii `id~
kkkkaaaakkkkiiiilllliiii >>>> ****jjjjiiiimmmmkkkkaaaa >>>> ****jjjjiiiikkkkaaaa (lomTaTiZe).
aaaa----ZZZZHHHHrrrrZZZZ `pitniani mawoni~ > megr. ZZZZiiiirrrrZZZZiiii / ZZZZHHHHrrrrZZZZHHHH `wiwakiTa
xxxxvvvvaaaaJJJJiiiiaaaa (megr.) `konusisebri ritualuri kveri~ SeiZleba sa-
da mariliT Sezavebuli mawoni~
murzayanulSi afxazuris gavleniT gaCeniliyo, Tavis mxriv
aaaa----xxxxjjjjaaaajjjjaaaa `xseni~ > megr. xxxxiiiijjjjaaaajjjjaaaa / xxxxeeeejjjjeeeejjjjiiii... `id~
afx. aaaa----xxxx°aaaaJJJJ°aaaa `konusiseburi kveri, romelsac specialurad

msxverplSewirvisTvis, an yvelieris Tavze akeTebdnen~ < megr.
ucxo enebidan SeTvisebuli leqsika, sadac sesxebis Suale-
xxxxoooozzzzoooo `patara konusis formis kveri, gamoiyeneboda msxverplSe-
duri rgoli qarTveluria:
wirvis dros~.
berZ. µαζα. `namcxvari~ > megr. mmmmaaaazzzzvvvvaaaa `namcxvari fqvilisa da
Taflisagan~ > afx. aaaa----mmmmaaaaJJJJ°aaaa `namcxvari~ (maWavariani)
12 13
TTTTeeeeaaaa bbbbuuuurrrryyyyuuuullllaaaaZZZZeeee bbbbeeeennnn, rogor lamazebi aaaarrrriiiiaaaannnn~; `manam mteri mmmmoooovvvviiiiddddooooddddaaaa, biWma
cxenzed SSSSeeeeeeeemmmmzzzzaaaaddddaaaa saomraTa~; `ggggaaaaddddaaaauuuuddddggggnnnneeeennnn am Svilebma da iiiiCCCCxxxxuuuu----
eeeerrrrggggaaaattttiiiivvvviiiissss zzzzooooggggiiii ssssaaaakkkkiiiiTTTTxxxxiiii aaaaGGGGmmmmoooossssaaaavvvvlllluuuurrrr ddddiiiiaaaalllleeeeqqqqtttteeeebbbbSSSSiiii bbbbeeeessss~.

koordinaciis erT-erTi niSnis mixedviT polipersonalur
zmna-Semasmenlebian winadadebaSi zmna-Semasmenlebi sxvadasxva
brunvaSi marTaven qvemdebares. rodesac winadadebaSi ramdenime
SSSSaaaallllvvvvaaaa ggggaaaabbbbeeeesssskkkkiiiirrrriiiiaaaa
Semasmenelia erT qvemdebaresTan da isini gansxvavebulia

gardamavlobisa da seriebis mixedviT, ra Tqma unda, qvemdebare
SSSSeeeennnniiiiSSSSvvvvnnnneeeebbbbiiii ````vvvveeeeffffxxxxiiiissssttttKKKKaaaaoooossssnnnniiiissss~~~~ aaaaxxxxaaaallll ggggaaaammmmoooocccceeeemmmmaaaaTTTTaaaa
yovelTvis erTsa da imave brunvaSi ar ewyoba. miRebuli Tval-
kkkkoooommmmeeeennnnttttaaaarrrreeeebbbbzzzzeeee ddddaaaa oooorrrriiii ttttaaaaeeeeppppiiiissss wwwwaaaakkkkiiiiTTTTxxxxvvvviiiissssaaaaTTTTvvvviiiissss
sazrisiT, aseT SemTxvevaSi qvemdebare imas uwevs angariSs, ro-

meli zmna-Semasmenelic uaxloesia masTan (l.kvaWaZe).
moxsenebaSi ZiriTadad `vefxistyaosnis~ akademiuri teq-
asea tradiciulad, Tumca zog aRmosavlur dialeqtSi
stis damdgeni komisiis mier dadgenili teqstis safuZvelze
gvxvdeba iseTi SemTxvevebi, roca gardauvali zmna-Semasmeneli
ganxorcielebuli 2006 da 2009 wlebis gamocemebis, aseve sa-
polipredikatul winadadebaSi marTavs qvemdebares brunvaSi
qarTvelos mecnierebaTa akademiis Jurnal `macneSi~ gamoqveyne-
gardamavalis msgavsad. saqme exeba iseT SemTxvevebs, roca
buli informaciebisa (SemdegSi vt k) da e.w. saskolo gamoce-
gardauval zmnasTan qvemdebare, rogorc mosalodneli iyo, ara
maTa (TezisebSi `saskolo~) wakiTxvebis Sesaxeb ramdenime Cvene-
saxelobiTSi, aramed moTxrobiT brunvaSi dgas: `aaaaddddggggaaaa am bbbbiiiiWWWWmmmmaaaa,
uli gagebaa SemoTavazebuli. vsargeblobdiT `vefxistyaosnis~
aiRo mSvild-isari da wavida~; `ppppaaaattttaaaarrrraaaammmm eubneva ddddeeeeffffssssaaaa: macade
1957 wlis gamocemiT.
cota xansao~; `ggggaaaaddddaaaauuuuddddggggeeeennnn am SSSSvvvviiiilllleeeebbbbmmmmaaaa da uTxres~; `aaaaddddggggaaaa am
a. leqsikonSi piris saxelebi sxvadasaxva formiTaa warmo-
ssssoooovvvvddddaaaaggggaaaarrrrmmmmaaaa, Zalian avantyofoba daiwyo, Zalian iavantyofa~;
dgenili. umravlesoba saxelobiTi br. niSniT, erTi nawili ki
`am kkkkaaaaccccmmmmaaaa mmmmiiiieeeeppppaaaarrrraaaa da xazeinis cxens cxviri moWra~.
fuZis saxiTaa gatanili, iseT SemTxvevaSic ki, rodesac ori an-
aRmosavlur kiloebSi Segneba zmnis gardauvalobisa jer
Troponimi erTad gvxvdeba. mag.: visi, magram _ ramin.
kidev aris, ris gamoc martiv winadadebaSi gardauval zmnasTan
b. sityvis kninobiT formad CaTvlili zogierTi saleqsi-
qvemdebare mudam saxelobiTSia. iSviaTad gvaqvs gamonaklisi:
kono erTeuli ufro riTmis saWiroebiT aixsneba. mag.: meota
`ymebma ar uSveben~; `daiRala biWma~...
`otebuli~, `gaqceuli~, sxva nawarmoebebSi meoti formiTaa
unda vivaraudoT, rom dasaxelebuli tipis winadadebebSi
damowmebuli. `nu ganvaln meoti qalaqisa amisgan~. meota sa-
sintaqsur analogiasTan gvaqvs saqme. zmnebis didi nawili
riTmo sityvaSi gvxvdeba: cotani, meotani, kotani, motani.
gardamavalia, romlis moqmedeba mimarTulia ufro damatebis-
Semagona `Semgonebeli~ _ Cemni gulisa mdebelni da Cemni
ken. es sintaqsuri movlena ZiriTadad iseTi tipis rTul wina-
Semagonani _ 590, 2. strofSi sariTmo sityvebia: monani, Sema-
dadebaSi gvxvdeba, roca pirveli zmna-Semasmeneli gardauvalia.
gonani, wonani, fonani.
Tumca sainteresoa is faqtic, rom zogan winadadebaSi saer-
iefo `uxvi~, unda iyos ief_i: `moegebnes didebulni,
Tod ar aris gardamavali zmna, romlis analogiiTac iqneboda
ZRvensa sZRvnidnides iefosa~ _ 148, 2 sariTmo klauzulis
qvemdebaris moTxrobiT brunvaSi Sewyoba: `Svilebmac uuuuyyyyuuuurrrreeee----
gamo _ samefosa, iefosa, saswrafosa, sadafosa.
14 15
purad da saWmlad mivendev Cemsa mSvildsa da cerasa _ gaZrcvilsa tansa emosnes yaryumni usapironi _ 123,1
166,4 gaZrcvili `SiSveli~, `titveli~, `Silifad Cacmuli~ _
cera isradaa axsnili _ vt k, `saskolo.~ `saskolo~.
unda iyos ceri, romliTac moisari mSvilds mozidavs. qvabisa karsa asmaTi marto zis, arbargosani _1355,1
cera forma sariTmo evfoniiTaa asaxsneli: me rasa, wera- ar-bargosani _ SesaZloa orgvari gageba: 1. Silifad Ca-
sa, mRerasa, cerasa. cmuli; 2. utvirTo, Tavisuflad mjdomi _ `saskolo~
saskolo gamocemis mixedviT `amirandarejanianis~ avtoris gaZrcvili `usamkaulos~ unda niSnavdes, xolo arbargosani
gvari xomelia. sworia 20 xelnawerSi dadasturebuli xoneli _ `martos~.
(g. arabuli), 1 nusxaSi damowmebuli xomelis povniereba ki, saTi `giSeri~ _ `saskolo~. Cveni azriT, ufro wiTeli
vfiqrobT, zemoxsenebuli mizeziT aixsneba_xomelsa, romelsa, feris qvas, marjans unda niSnavdes. `...broli brolda, saTi sa-
enadauSromelsa, cremlSeuSromelsa. Tda~. pirisaxes ferebi daubrunda _TeTri da wiTeli.
g. seli leqsikonSi umarTebulod mr. r. formiTaa gatani- e. sityvaTa warmomavloba:
li (selni): vt k_s gamocemaSi somxuradaa CaTvlili qarTuli sityve-
monaman selni daudgna, dajda krZalviT da ridiTa _ 124,3 bi: kapani, kaparWi, saTi (muqi wiTeli feris marjani).
d. sityvis gansxvavebuli gageba : saeWvod gveCveneba rubisa da damis nasesxobebad miCneva:
marTlad uTqvams mecnierTa: `wyenaao WirTa bade~ _ 815,2 rubi (arab. rubb `wveni~, arab.-spars. rumbi), dami _ berZnuli,
baded aris gagebuli bevr gamokvlevasa da TargmanSi: ru- sparsuli (a.gvaxaria), arabuli (`sisxli~). vwer vinme mesxi me-
suli (сеть _ s. iordaniSvili), inglisuri (a net _ m. uordro- leqse me rusTvelisa damisa (rusTvelis Camomavlobis _ `sa-
pi) da sxv. es sityva bad- zmnisgan nawarmoebi mimReobaa. `wyena skolo~). Cveni azriT, aq qarTuli sityva daba unda iyos.
Wiris gamowvevi, gamCenia~. kvlav araidenturi riTmebi? Ramisa, Jamisa, wamisa da rusTve-
Wirad ar miCndis lomisa moklva, marT viTa silisa _ lisa damisa an rusTvelisad amisa.
320,3 melnisa tbaTaT iRvrebis savse saTisa rubebi _ 1146,3
silisa _ Wleqianisa, aq dasustebulisa _ `saskolo~. rus mr.r. forma unda iyos. rubebi riTmis saWiroebiT Se-
amave TavSi tarieli ambobs: iZleba aixsnas. gubebi, Subebi, rubebi, tyubebi. saTis (marjani)
vburTobdi da vnadirobdi, viT yatasa vxocdi lomsa _ ruebi metaforulad sisxlis cremlebs niSnavs. am varauds
mxars uWers xelnawerebi da poemaSi rus xmareba: `... ar da-
328,4
swyveddis cremlTa rusa~.
yata _ frinveli _ `saskolo~
sparsulad miCneuli saraji (a. gvaxaria) arabuli sityvaa.
orive SemTxvevaSi tradiciuli ikiTxvisia swori, romlis
sahrij `wyalsacavi~. Sdr. svan. sarag, sara>g (`lSx~) `wyaro~.
mixedviT sili strofis sariTmo sityvebsaa misadagebuli siri
vfiqrobT, iseve rogorc sparsul enaSi damkvidrebuli
(Citi), aris (cilisa, Slilisa, silisa, Svilisa), xolo meore
zogierTi qarTuli botanikuri termini: naZvi, askili (mniSvne-
magaliTSi kataa.
lobis cvliT `zRmartli~), saroc Zveli qarTuli nasesxobaa
viTa viSiSvi, gacnobos RmerTman, naTelTa msaxeman _ 738,2
iranul enebSi. Sdr. top. saro.
ganmartebulia, rogorc naTlis xati _ vt k. vfiqrobT, moxsenebaSi kidev erTxelaa ganxiluli qvemomoyvanili sa-
naTelTa msaxe sinaTlis Semqmneli RmerTis epiTetia. davo adgili:
16 17
1. am saqmesa memowmebis dionosi brZeni, ezros _177,1 eeeelllliiiissssaaaabbbbeeeedddd ggggaaaazzzzddddeeeelllliiiiaaaannnniiii
rusTvelologTa umravlesoba aq or pirovnebas moiazrebs:
dionise areopagels da XII s. espaneTSi moRvawe ebrael poets zzzzeeeeddddssssaaaarrrrTTTTaaaavvvv ssssaaaaxxxxeeeellllTTTTaaaa xxxxaaaarrrriiiissssxxxxeeeebbbbiiii ssssvvvvaaaannnnuuuurrrrSSSSiiii
mose ibn ezras.
aRiZvris ramdenime kiTxva: ratom arian erTad moxsenebu- cnobilia, rom viTarebiT zedsarTav saxelebs svanurSi,
li sxvadasxva aRmsareblobis avtorebi, romlebic erTmaneTis- sxva qarTveluri enebis msgavsad, xarisxis gramatikuli katego-
gan daSorebul epoqasa da qveynebSi cxovrobdnen da sxvadasxva ria axasiaTebs. xarisxis raodenobis mixedviT, opozicia sva-
enaze qmnidnen TavianT Txzulebebs? xsenebul avtorebTan `ve- nurSi oTxwevriania da Kovel xarisxs Tavisi markerebi (afiqse-
fxistyaosnis~ msgavsi adgili ar dasturdeba. vis miemarTeba bi) aqvs.
epiTeti brZeni? Sesabamisad sad unda daisvas sasveni niSani? Tu xarisxis warmoebis mixedviT dGevandeli svanuris dia-
ra formaa ezros? brZeni ezros Tu brZnisa ezros? leqtebs erTmaneTs SevudarebT, aGmoCndeba, rom oTxwevriani
am TvalsazrisiT mxedvelobaSi aris misaRebi Semasmenlis opozicia kargad aris daculi balszemourSi: wwwwˆˆˆˆrrrrnnnniiii `wiTeli~,
mx. r. formiT povniereba (memowmebis), ris gamoc qvemdebare xxxxoooo----wwwwrrrraaaannnn----aaaa `ufro wiTeli~, mmmmaaaa----wwwwrrrraaaannnn----eeee `uwiTlesi~, mmmmˆˆˆˆ----wwwwrrrraaaannnn----{aaaa}}}}
erTze meti ar unda iyos. sxva SemTxvevebSi mr.r.-Si mdgari `mowiTalo~. balszemourSi gamonaklisia is zedsarTavi saxele-
qvemdebare SemasmenelTan ricxvSia SeTanxmebuli. bi, romlebic, samecniero literaturaSi, ufroobiT xarisxSi
aha mmowmoben varskvlavni, Svidnive memowmebian _ 964, 1 gaqvavebul formebad arian miCneuli: xxxxoooo----SSSS----aaaa `ufrosi~, xxxxoooo----CCCC----aaaa
iginica daemowmnes ama missa naubarsa _ 1389, 1 ` k a r g i ~ , xxxx oooo ---- llll ---- aaaa `c u d i ~ , xxxx oooo ----ddddrrrr----aaaa (lnt. xxxxoooo----llllddddaaaarrrr----aaaa) `ufro cu-
a. SaniZe avTentur wakiTxvas amgvarad varaudobs: di~, xxxxoooo----xxxx…………rrrr----aaaa zs., xxxxoooo----xxxxrrrr----aaaa lSx., xxxxoooo----rrrr…………----aaaa lnt. `umcrosi~.
am saqmesa memowmebis `diaRnosi~ brZnisa ezros balszemourSi es zedasarTavebi odnaobiT xarisxSi ver da-
ezros forma damkvidrda TargmanebSic. ezras naT.br. for- vadastureT, xolo balsqvemoursa da qvemosvanurSi oTxive
ma SeiZleba ezrasi yofiliyo, rogorc es a-ze damTavrebul sa- formiT gvxvdeba.
kuTar saxelebTan gvaqvs. mag.: `sityvis kona~ sabasi, koncefcia xxxxoooo----CCCC----aaaa `kargi~, xxxxoooo----CCCC----iiiillll zs., lnt., xxxxoooo----CCCC----uuuullll lSx., `ukeTesi~,
akad. a. Ciqobavasi da a. S. mmmmaaaa----CCCC----ŠŠŠŠnnnn----eeee bz., lSx., mmmmaaaa----CCCCeeeennnn----eeee lnt. `saukeTeso~, xxxxoooo----CCCCiiiillll----SSSSaaaallll bq.,
Cans, rusTaveli ioane petriwis mier qarTul enaze Tar-
xxxxoooo----CCCCuuuullll----‰‰‰‰rrrraaaa lSx., xxxxoooo----CCCCiiiillll----aaaarrrraaaa lnt. `odnav ukeTesi, mokargo~.
gmnil astrologiur-meteorologiur Txzulebas `kalanda
balsqvemourSi, balszemourTan SedarebiT, xarisxis oTxive
Tqmuli ezra winaswarmetyuelisa~ icnobda.
formas zedsarTavTa naklebi raodenoba awarmoebs, xolo qve-
2. ymaman uTxra: `madli RmerTsa, Semoqmedsa, arsTa mxadsa~
mosvanur dialeqtebSi samwevriani opoziciaa gabatonebuli.
_ 1050, 1. bevr naSromSi gaziarebulia Sexeduleba, rom mxadi
aGsaniSnavia, rom, rogorc balsqvemourSi, ise qvemosvanurSi
xad _ (`moxmoba~, `daZaxeba~) zmnidanaa nawarmoebi da igi ars-
samwevrian opozicias, ZiriTadad, aGmatebiTi xarisxis formebi
Ta gamCens (mxmobels) niSnavs. ix. vt k, saskolo.
Sinaarsobrivad arsTa mxedi unda iyos, romelic poemaSi aklia.
ramdenjerme gvxvdeba. am mosazrebas mxars xelnawerTa Cvenebac gansxvavebaa dialeqtebs Soris odnaobiTi xarisxis warmoe-
{
uWers. mxadi formis gaCenaSi, am SemTxvevaSic, rogorc Cans, bis dros. balszemourSi odnaobiT xarisxs umetesad mmmmˆˆˆˆ-_- aaaa}

strofis sariTmo sityvebma iTamaSa roli: arsTa mxadsa, aqa konfiqsi awarmoebs, zogJer ----‰‰‰‰rrrraaaa disimlaciiT ----‰‰‰‰llllaaaa sufiqsic
qmnadsa, zogsa cxadsa, mowevnadsa. iCens Tavs. mag.: mmmmˆˆˆˆ----mmmmjjjjiiiirrrr----aaaa º mmmmˆˆˆˆjjjjiiiirrrr----‰‰‰‰llllaaaa `mosvelo~, mmmmˆˆˆˆ----iiiiTTTT…………----aaaa º
18 19
aaaaTTTT…………iiii----aaaarrrraaaa `mocxelo~... balsqvemourSi odnaobiTi xarisxi -SSSSaaaallll qcevis, gvaris, kontaqtis / kauzativis morfemebi, zmnis-
-`viT~ Tandebulis saSualebiT aGweriTad iwarmoeba. mag.: winebi da nawilakebi (=gezis, orientaciis, aspeqtis am-

ssssggggeeeellll----SSSSaaaallll `mosqelo~, JJJJ…………iiiinnnneeeellll----SSSSaaaallll `moZvelo (ZveliviT)~, zog- saxveli formaluri niSnebi) zmnebSi. enklitikuri ele-
Jer ----rrrr sufiqsic gvxvdeba. nnnneeeeccccnnnn----rrrr `mowvrilo~, ddddˆˆˆˆTTTTxxxxllll----rrrr `mo- mentebi (nawilakebi, Tandebulebi da -nnnniiii kavSiri) saxe-
Txelo~... lebSi.
b. nijaraZis qarTul-svanur-rusul leqsikonSi xSiria ----‰‰‰‰rrrr 3. gramatikuli (relatiur) morfemebis funqciaa gansa-
sufiqsiT nawarmoebi odnaobiTi xarisxis formebi: mmmmˆˆˆˆxxxxmmmm----‰‰‰‰rrrr `mo- zRvros gramatikuli mimarTebebi frazaSi; saxelis mo-
mjavo~,mmmmˆˆˆˆggggrrrr----‰‰‰‰rrrr `momsxo~, mmmmˆˆˆˆccccxxxx----‰‰‰‰rrrr `mocivo~, zzzzeeeessssKKKK----‰‰‰‰rrrr `monedlo~... rfologiur struqturaSi es iqneba brunvis niSani,
qvemosvanuri dialeqtebis odnaobiTi xarisxis formebSi epenTeza (|| fonetikuri CanarTi), TanxmovanTgamyari,
gamoiKofa mmmmˆˆˆˆ---- ____ {{{{aaaa}}}},,,, mmmmuuuu---- ____ {{{{aaaa}}}} konfiqsebi da umetesad ----‰‰‰‰rrrraaaa////----‰‰‰‰llllaaaa mavrcobi xmovnebi. zmnis morfologiur struqturaSi -
lSx., ----aaaarrrraaaa //// ----aaaallllaaaa sufiqsebi. es sufiqsebi SeiZleba daerTos piris niSnebi, paradigmis niSnebi (kavSirebiTebi, piro-
rogorc dadebiTi, ise odnaobiTi da ufroobiTi xarisxis biTebi, aoristi, nnnnoooo----eeee-iani TurmeobiTebi), Temis niSne-
formebs: mmmmˆˆˆˆ----nnnn----JJJJoooodddd----aaaa,,,, mmmmˆˆˆˆ----nnnn----JJJJoooodddd----aaaarrrraaaa,,,, xxxxoooo----nnnn----JJJJoooodddd----aaaarrrraaaa, JJJJooooddddiiii----aaaarrrraaaa bi, obligatebi, mavrcobi xmovnebi.
lnt. `mogrZo, odnav grZeli~. vinaidan derivaciuli da relatiuri an leqsikur-gramati-
kuli morfemebi erTmaneTisagan funqciurad gansxvavebulia,
morfemaTa rangobriv struqturaze msjelobisas isini unda ga-
imijnos. derivaciuli fuZe semantikurad axali fuZea, romel-
sac mimarTebebis dasadgenad damatebiT sWirdeba relatiuri
rrrruuuussssuuuuddddaaaannnn ggggeeeerrrrssssaaaammmmiiiiaaaa
anu sxva tipis, misgan gansxvavebuli morfemebis darTva; morfe-

mebisa, romelTac aqvT gramatikuli mniSvneloba da ara azrob-
mmmmoooorrrrffffeeeemmmmaaaaTTTTaaaa jjjjgggguuuuffffeeeebbbbiiii ddddaaaa ssssaaaaxxxxeeeelllluuuurrrr mmmmoooorrrrffffeeeemmmmaaaaTTTTaaaa
rrrraaaannnnggggoooobbbbrrrriiiivvvviiii ssssttttrrrruuuuqqqqttttuuuurrrraaaa mmmmeeeeggggrrrruuuullllSSSSiiii rivad gansxvavebuli, mniSvnelobiT axali odenobis (leqsemis)
warmoqmnis funqcia; Tu Zireuli morfema aRiniSneba niSniT R
megrulSi funqciuri TvalsazrisiT morfemaTa sami jgufi
(laT. radix `Ziri~), warmoqmnili fuZis Casawerad SemoRebulia
gamoiyofa: leqsikuri (derivaciuli), leqsikur-gramatikuli
aRniSvna , rac niSnavs, rom Zireuli morfema nawarmoebia _
da gramatikuli (relatiuri).
dagrZelebulia oden leqsikuri mniSvnelobis mqone afiqsebiT
1. leqsikuri (derivaciuli) mniSvnelobis morfemebi aer-
(m. damenia):
Tianebs Zireul da leqsikuri mniSvnelobis mawarmoe-
bel, warmomqmnel afiqsebs. semantikuri TvalsazrisiT ffffuuuuZZZZeeee ==== ZZZZiiiirrrreeeeuuuulllliiii mmmmoooorrrrffffeeeemmmmaaaa (R)
derivaciuli afiqsebi megrulSi Tormet sxvadasxva
an
jgufs adgenen (g.kartozia);
ffffuuuuZZZZeeee ==== ZZZZiiiirrrreeeeuuuulllliiii mmmmoooorrrrffffeeeemmmmaaaa ++++ ddddeeeerrrriiiivvvvaaaacccciiiiuuuulllliiii mmmmoooorrrrffffeeeemmmmaaaa ()
2. leqsikur-gramatikuli morfemebi erTdroulad Seica-
maSasadame, fuZeTa morfologiuri segmentirebisa da Sesa-
ven leqsikur da gramatikul (resp. morfologiur)
bamisi kvalifikaciis dros relevanturia axali mniSvnelobis
mniSvnelobebs. aseTTa rigs ganekuTvneba: mravlobiTo-
fuZe da ara Ziriseuli morfema. Sdr.:
bis aRmniSvneli niSani saxelisa da zmnis struqturaSi;
20 21
(1) kkkkooooCCCC-i kkkkooooCCCC-q nemebi arakanonikur kompleqsebs qmnian, ena mimarTavs arakano-
kaci-NOM.SG kaci-ERG. SG nikurobis daZlevis ramdenime gzas.
(2) kkkkooooCCCCaaaannnnaaaa kkkkooooCCCCaaaannnnaaaa----q saxelTa rangobrivi struqturis agebisas siaxles warmo-
kacoba-NOM.SG kacoba-ERG. SG adgens ukanasknel periodSi ganxorcielebuli kvlevis (ix. kar-
(3) kkkkooooCCCCaaaannnniiiieeeerrrr-i kkkkooooCCCCaaaannnniiiieeeerrrr----q tozia da sxv., `megrulis lingvisturi analizi~, 2010) safuZ-
velze ori axali morfemuli elementis segmentireba da misi
kacuri- NOM.SG kacuri-ERG. SG
CarTva rangobriv struqturaSi:

1. Zireul morfemasa da brunvis markers Soris mravlobi-
megrulSi morfemebi ganlagebulia fuZis win da momdev-
nod rangebis Sesabamisad. saxeluri morfemebi mxolod sufiq- Tis 29 fuZeSi gaCenili -llll sonori, romelic, misi funqciidan
(xmovnebs Soris hiatusis acileba) gamomdinare, kvalificire-
sebia, zmnuri ki SeiZleba iyos prefiqsuli, sufiqsuri, infiq-
suri da konfiqsuri. amdenad, megruli enis zmnuri struqtu- bulia epenTezad1.
ra gacilebiT rTulia, vidre saxelisa. 2. TanxmovanTgamyari -iiii, anu saxelTa brunebisas arakanoni-
megrulSi saxelis morfologiuri ranJirebisas morfemebi kur kompleqsTa superaciisTvis CarTuli obligati.
ganlagdeba mxolod fuZidan marjvniv, rac imas niSnavs, rom am
enaSi saxels darTuli morfologiuri segmentebi mxolod su-
fiqsuri morfemebia.
saxelebSi morfemaTa rangobrivi ganlagebis yvelaze grZel
ggggvvvvaaaannnnccccaaaa ggggvvvvaaaannnncccceeeellllaaaaZZZZeeee
mimdevrobas aseTi saxe aqvs: R-I-II-III-IV-V-[VI-VII], Tumca am sin-

tagmatur ganlagebas garkveuli SezRuvdvebi edeba, ris safuZ-
kkkkoooonnnncccceeeeppppttttiiii ssssuuuulllliiii qqqqaaaarrrrTTTTuuuullllSSSSiiii
velzec erTdroulad realizebad morfemaTa ricxvi maqsimum
xuTia. 1. koncepti ssssuuuulllliiii metad mniSvnelovania sxvadasxva kultu-
saxeluri sufiqsebi rangebis mixedviT ase nawildeba: ris xalxTa Soris. swored sulis konceptis safuZvelze xdeba
I _ TanxmovanTgamyari -iiii; enebSi saganTa dayofa ssssuuuulllliiiieeeerrrr da uuuussssuuuulllloooo sagnebad da am sa-
II - epenTeza -llll; fuZvelze Sesabamis saxelTa dajgufeba ssssuuuulllliiiieeeerrrrTTTTaaaa da uuuussssuuuullllooooTTTTaaaa
III - ricxvis markeri (-eeeeffff |||||||| ----eeeemmmm |||||||| ----eeeennnn); aRmniSvnel saxelebad, rac xSirad konkretuli enebis morfo-
IV _ brunvis markeri (-iiii,,,, ----qqqq,,,, ----ssss,,,, ----iiiiSSSS || ----iiiiSSSSiiii,,,, ----iiiiSSSSaaaa,,,, ----iiiiSSSSeeee,,,, logiasa da sintaqszec axdens gavlenas. magaliTad, qarTul
----iiiiSSSSoooo;;;; ----iiiiTTTT || TTTTiiii;;;; ----TTTTiiii || ----oooo); enaSi sulierTa saxelebiT gamoxatuli qvemdebare ricxvSi
V _ mavrcobi xmovani (----iiii,,,, ----uuuu,,,, ----GGGG); eTanxmeba Semasmenels, xolo usuloTa saxeliT gamoxatuli
VI _ Tandebuli (----xxxx |||||||| ----xxxxiiii,,,, ----nnnniiii `Tvis~, ----wwwwkkkkaaaallllaaaa,,,, ----jjjjgggguuuurrrraaaa); qvemdebare mxolod im SemTxvevaSi SeuTanxmdeba Semasmenels,
VII _ nawilaki (----oooo,,,, ----TTTT(iiii)). Tu saxeli gasulierebulia.
erTi rangis morfemebi SeuTavsebelia erTmaneTTan sintag- Tanamedrove qarTulSi sulis cneba da misi saxeli ````ssssuuuu----
maturad; romelime rangis morfemis gamotovebisas rangobrivi
Tanmimdevroba ar irRveva.
Tuki morfemaTa sazRvarze am morfemebis Semadgeneli fo- 1 Epenthese _ (laT.) xmovanTa hiatusis acilebis mizniT gaCenili
fonetikuri CanarTi.
22 23
lllliiii~~~~ sakmaod farToa. qegl-is mixedviT, suli aris: sityvieri sulsa pirutyvTasa: ars suli sityvieri ar-
1. adamianis fsiqikur unarTa erToblioba, _ azrovneba, seba-gonieri, usxeulo da ucnauri, sityvieri xorcTa cxovel-
cnobiereba; 2. aramaterialuri sawyisi, dasabami, romelic smyofelobiTi da mdgomareobisa mimcemlobiTi; suli ars arse-
warmoadgens bunebis, sagnebisa da movlenebis mamoZravebel Za- ba-wvlili univTo, usaxo, xati da msgavsi RmrTisa; xolo pi-
las, _ goni; 3. adamianis Sinagani samyaro, pirovnebis fsiqiku- rutyvTa suli ars sisxlisaobiTi sicocxliTi da gan-
ri Tvisebebi, rac mis moqmedebas gansazRvravs; 4. usxeulo ze- matfobelobiTi da moZraobiTi nivTierisa sulisa mier moqme-
bunebrivi arseba; 5. adamianis arsebis RvTaebrivi mxare, rome- deba da Zali nivTieri moqmedebiTi da grZnobiTi da xorcT
lic upirispirdeba sxeuls (xorcs) da romelic ukvdavia; 6. SemamtkicebelobiTi~.
SesunTquli da amosunTquli haeri, _ sunTqva; 7. gadat. ada- i. abulaZis `Zveli qarTuli enis leqsikonSi~ ````ssssuuuulllliiii~~~~ amgva-
mianis sicocxle; 8. calkeuli adamiani, pirovneba, kaci; calke- rad ganimarteba: ssssuuuulllliiii _ `kaci~, `guami~, `Tavi~, TavisTavi; hae-
uli pirutyvi; 9. gadat. ZiriTadi azri, arsi, damaxasiaTebeli ri, qari, sunTqva, `orTqli~; suni; boroti suli; suli wmida.
Tviseba, Tavisebureba. 3. qarTul kulturul sivrceSi ssssuuuulllliiii aRniSnavs ara mxo-
Sesabamisad, farToa sityva ````ssssuuuullll~~~~-isagan nawarmoebi saxeli lod adamianis Sinagan samyaros, aramed is SeiZleba iyos mTe-
````ssssuuuulllliiiieeeerrrriiii~~~~, romelic amJamad aRniSnavs: 1. cocxal arsebas, li eris TviTSegnebis aRmniSvneli sityvac (magaliTad, roca
suldgmuls; 2. adamianis Sinagan fsiqikur samyarosTan dakavSi- vambobT qqqqaaaarrrrTTTTuuuulllliiii ssssuuuulllliiii, sruliad gasagebia, rom saubaria eris
rebuli Tvisebebis mqones; 3. qristianul religiasTan dakavSi- bunebaze, mis xasiaTze, kulturaze da a.S.).
4. qarTulSi aris uamravi iseTi frazeologizmi, sityvaTa
rebuli, saeklesio Tvisebis mqones.
myari Sexameba da gamonaTqvami, rogorebicaa: ssssuuuulllliiii uuuuddddggggaaaassss,,,, ssssuuuu----
2. Zvel qarTulSic ````ssssuuuulllliiiissss~~~~ cnebasa da Sesabamis sityvas
lllliiii ddddaaaa gggguuuulllliiii,,,, ssssuuuulllliiiiTTTTaaaa ddddaaaa gggguuuulllliiiiTTTT,,,, ssssuuuullllzzzzeeee mmmmiiiiuuuusssswwwwrrrreeeessss,,,, ssssuuuullllmmmmaaaa wwwwaaaa----
sakmaod farTo semantika hqonda da konceptualizebulic iyo,
ssssZZZZlllliiiiaaaa,,,, ssssuuuulllliiii mmmmiiiissssddddiiiissss,,,, SSSSeeeennnniiii ssssuuuulllliiii CCCCeeeemmmmssss xxxxeeeellllSSSSiiiiaaaa,,,, ssssuuuullllssss RRRRaaaaffffaaaavvvvssss,,,,
rac kargad Cans sityva ````ssssuuuulllliiiissss~~~~ sabaseul ganmartebaSi: `ner-
ssssuuuulllliiii kkkkbbbbiiiilllliiiiTTTT uuuuWWWWiiiirrrraaaavvvvssss,,,, ssssuuuulllliiiiTTTT ddddaaaacccceeeemmmmaaaa da uamravi sxva.
gnica sulierad iTqmian, rameTu aqvs maT moZraobisa da aRor-
moxsenebaSi istoriul werilobiT wyaroTa monacemebis mi-
ZinebiTisa da Teslovnebisa Zali. xolo suli pirutyvTa,
xedviT warmodgenili iqneba ````ssssuuuulllliiiissss~~~~, rogorc konceptis, daxa-
romel ars samSvinveli, sisxlisaobiTi da sicocxliT ganmat- siaTeba im cvlilebaTa gaTvaliswinebiT, rac man droTa man-
felobiTi, moZraobiTi nivTierisa Zalisa moqmedeba da grZno- Zilze ganicada.
bis qoneba; xolo kacTa suli _ sityvieri, arseba-gonie-
ri, usxeulo, ucnauri, sityvieri da ukvdavi, arseba-wvlili,
usaxo, xati da msgavsi RmrTisa; suli angelozi _ si-
tyvieri da gonieri da meore naTeli; da eSmaknica, romelTa lllleeeellllaaaa ggggiiiigggglllleeeemmmmiiiiaaaannnniiii
TviT daibneles Tavi Tvisi ampartavnebiTa; da suli _ suli
wmida _ dambadebeli amaT yovelTa, pirveli naTeli da mi- ddddrrrrooooiiiissss zzzzmmmmnnnniiiissssaaaarrrrTTTTTTTTaaaa SSSSeeeessssaaaaxxxxeeeebbbb ssssvvvvaaaannnnuuuurrrrSSSSiiii

uwvdomeli; qarnica sulad uTqvamT. suli gulisxma-iyofis
ÓÅÀÍÖÒÉ ÆÌÍÉÓÀÒÈÄÁÉÓ ÛÄÓÀáÄÁ ÓÀÄÍÀÈÌÄÝÍÉÄÒÏ ËÉÔÄÒÀÔÖÒÀÛÉ
oTxgvarad: suli _ suli-wmida; suli _ angelozi, saxie-
(Å. ÈÏ×ÖÒÉÀ, Â. ÊÀàÀÒÀÅÀ, Ë. ÓÀÍÉÊÉÞÄ, Ê. ÂÀÁÖÍÉÀ…) ÁÄÅÒÉ ÓÀÚÖÒÀ-
ri; suli _ eSmaki; suli _ sulica Cueni. xolo ars,
ÃÙÄÁÏ ÌÏÓÀÆÒÄÁÀÀ ÂÀÌÏÈØÌÖËÉ. ÜÅÄÍ ÀÌãÄÒÀà ÚÖÒÀÃÙÄÁÀÓ ÂÀÅÀÌÀáÅÉ-
odesme gonebaca sulad iTqvas qarisa, xolo ganeyofvis suli
ËÄÁÈ ÃÒÏÉÓ ÆÌÍÉÓÀÒÈÄÁÆÄ, ÒÏÌÄËÈÀ ÒÀÏÃÄÍÏÁÀ ÓÅÀÍÖÒÛÉ ÓÀÊÌÀÏÃ
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