Table Of ContentJo�Geofil dblat
ARMSC ONTROL
TheN ewG uidteo
NegotiatainodAn gsr eements
FulRleyv isaendd U pdateSde conEdd ition
with
NewC D-ROM DocumentSautpipolne ment
• •
e Slprl
PRIO
ARMSC ONTROL
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TheI nternatPieoancaRele searIcnhs titOustle(o,P RIOi)sa ni ndependent, international
instiftouprt eea caen dc onflriecste arfcohu,n deidn1 959I.tw aso neo ft hef ircsetn troefs
peacree seairnct hh ew orladn di sN orway'osn lpye ace resceeanrtcrIhet f.so undatainodn
earilyn fluewnecreei nstrumeinnpt raolj ectthieni gd ea of rpeesaecaer ch.
PRIO'psu blicatiinocnlsut dheeJ ournaolf P eacRee searpcuhb.l isbhie-dm ontahnldy ,
theq uarteSrelcyu rDiitya logPuReI.Os 'csh olwaorrlkyi sp ublisihnpe ede r-revijeowuerdn als,
asw elals i nb ooksr,e poratnsd c onferepnacpee rsso,m eo fw hiccha nb e accessaetd
www .prio.no
PRIOo'vse rraelsle airsco hr ganiiznetdfo o uSrt rateIgnisct iPtruotger ammes:
ConditioofWn asr a ndP eace
•
ForeiagnndS ecurPiotlyi cies
•
EthiNcosr,m asn dI dentities
•
ConflRiecsto lutainodPn e acebuilding
•
e
PRIO
InternatPieoancRaeel s earIcnhs titOustleo,
Fuglehaug1g1aN,t- a0 260 ONsolrwoa,y
Telepho+n4e7:2 25 47 70 0T elef+a4x7:2 25 47 70 1
Email:
[email protected]
www .prio.no
SIPRiIasn i ndependienntte rnatiionnsatlif tourrte es eairncthpo r obleomfps e acaen dc onflict,
especifaolrlt yh osoef a rmsc ontraonld d isarmameIntwt a.s e stabliisnh1 e9d6 6t o
commemoraStwee den1'5s0y earosfu nbrokpeena ce.
TheI nstiitsfu itnea ncmeadi nblyyt heS wediPsahr liamTehnest t.a afnfd t heG overning
Boaradr ei nternatTihoenI anlstitute aanlA sdov ihsaoCsro ym mittaesea ni nternational
;
consultbaotdiyv.e
SIPRmla'jso rre seaprrcohj ects are:
Armedc onflaincdtp sr evention
•
Armsp roduction
•
Armst ransfers
•
Chemicaanldb iologwiecaaplo ns
•
Europesaenc urity
•
Exporcto ntrols
•
Militeaxrpye nditure
•
Milittaercyh nology
•
IntegraFtaicnDtga tabaisnet sh eF ieolfdI nternatRieolnaatlia onndSs e curity
•
SIPRpIu blisihtersse seafricnhd iinngb so okasn do nt heI nterante t
www .sipri.org
• •
Slprl
StockhoIlnmt ernatPieoancRaeel s earIcnhs titute
Signalis9t,gS aEt-a1n67 09S olnSaw,e den
Telepho+n4e6:8 /65957 0 0T elef+a4x6:8 /65957 3 3
Email:
[email protected]
www .sipri.org
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JozGeofl dblat
ARMSC ONTROL
TheN ewG uidteo
NegotiaatnidAo gnrse ements
FulRleyv isaenddU pdateSde conEdd ition
with
NewC D-ROMD ocumentaStuipopnl ement
• •
e PRIO Slprl
'SAGE
Publications
Londo• Tnh ousaOnadk• s N ewD elhi
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JozeGfo ldbl©a 2t0 02
Thiesd itifoinrp sutb lis2h0e0d2
Reprint2e0d0 3
Firesdti tipounb lished f1i9rp9sa4tp, e rbaecdki ti1o9n9 6
Aparftr oma nyf aidre alifnogrt hep urposoefsr esearocrph r ivastteu doyr,c riticoirs m
revieaws,p ermittuendd etrh eC opyrigDhets,i gannsd P atenAtcst 1,9 88t,h ipsu blication
mayb er eproducsetdo,r oerdt ransmiitnta endyf ormo,rb ya nym eanso,n lwyi tthh ep rior
permissiinow nr itionfgt hep ublishoerri snt, h ec aseo fr eprograrpehpirco ductiino n,
accordawnicteth h et ermosf l icenicsessu beydt heC opyright LiAcgeennsciyIn.ng q uiries
concernrienpgr oducotuitosni tdheo stee rmssh oulbde s entto t hep ublishers.
SAGE PublicatLitodn s
6 BonhiSltlr eet
LondoEnC 2A4 PU
SAGEP ublicatIinocn.s
2455T ellReora d
ThousanOda ksC,a lifo9r1n3i2a0
SAGEP ublicatIinodniPsav tL td
32,M- BlocMka rket
GreatKeari la-sIh
New Delh1i1 0048
BritLiisbhr aCrayt aloguiinPn ugb licadtaitoan
A catalogue froetrch oirbsdo oki sa vailafbrloemt heB ritLiisbhr ary
ISB0N 761490 154
ISB0N 761490 126 (pbk)
LibraorfCy o ngreCsosn trNoulm ber2 002102784
PrintienGd r eaBtr itabiyTn h eC romwePlrle sLst dT,r owbridWgiel,t shire
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Contents
Foreword
XXVI
Preface
XXVII
Acronyms
XXIX
Glossary
XXXIII
PART I.A NALYTICAL SURVEY
BasiCco ncepts 3
1.1 ArmCso ntrol Agreements 3
Succes-sPiaornt- iD'ee sp osi-taErnitiernsyt Foo r-ce
DuratainoDdn e nunci-aRteisoenr vations
1.2 MultilvastU enrialla AtremrCsao ln trol 9
1.3 Confidence-MBeuaisludriensg 10
1.4 ArmCso ntarnoNdla tioSneaclu rity
II
FunctoifoA nrsm Cso nt-rIonlc entainvDdei ss incentives
1.5 TheN egotiMaatcihnign ery 13
TheC onferoennD cies arma-mTehneOt r ganizfaotri on
SecuraintCdyo -operianEt uiroon-p Ree viCeown ferences
2 HistoriOcvaelr view 19
2.1 TheH aguPee aCcoen ferences 19
2.2 TheP ost-WWoarrIlP dea cTer eaties 20
The19 19T reaotfVy er sai-lOltehseP re ace Treaties
2.3 TheL eagoufeN ations 21
TheC oven-aTnhteL eagoufNe a tiYoenasr bo-oAktst empts
toR egulAartmeTs r adaen Pd orduct-iOorng anitzhiPenea gc e
2.4 TheF irWsotr lDdi sarmaCmoennfte rence 24
RenuncioafWt airo- An rmeFdo rcAersm,a meanntDdse fence
Expendi-tCuhreemsi cIanlc,e ndainadBr ayc teriological
Warfa-rAer mTsr adaen Mda nufac-tVuerriefi caatnido n
Sanct-iMoonrsaD li sarma-mSeunstp enosfti hoen
DisarmaCmoennfte rence
2.5 TheP ost-WWoarrIl IdP eaTcree aties 28
TreatwiietBshu lgaHruinag,a Friyn,l aIntdaa,ln yRd o man-ia
TheA ustrSitaaTntr ee a-tRye striocntG ieornmsa ny's
Armame-nRte striocntJ iaopnna'sAs r mament
3 TheU niteNda tions 33
3.1 TheC harter 33
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ARSMC ONTROL
VI
3.2 TheM aiUnN A rmCso ntBroodli es 34
TheG eneArsasle m-bTlhyeS ecurCiotuyn- cTihle
DisarmaCmoemnmti ss-iSotnu dies
3.3 UNI nvolveimnAe rnmtCs o ntNreoglo tiations 38
NuclDeiasra rma-mLeinmti tAirnmge d Forces and
Armame-nGtesn eraanlCd omplDeitsea rmament
3.4 UNI nvolveimn'e Mnitc ro-Disarmament' 46
3.5 Assessment 47
Nuclear-WeapEoxnp losions 48
4
4.1 The19 63P artTieasBlta nT reaty 48
Scopoeft hOeb liga-tTihoeRn isg ohftW ithdr-awal
Assessment
4.2 The19 74T hreshToelsBdta n Treaty 51
Scopoeft hOeb ligatEinotnirsny tF -oo racneDd u rat-ion
Assessment
4.3 The19 76P eacefNuulc leEaxrp losTiroenast y 53
Scopoeft hOeb liga-tEinotnirsny tF oo racneDd u rat-ion
Assessment
4.4 NegotiaftoairC o onmsp reheTnessiBtva en 55
Negotiaitn1i 9o5n8s-6 N3 egotiaitn1i 9o7n7-s-8 0T he
-
1991P TBTA mendmeCnotn fer-eAnB cree akthrough
4.5 TheC ompreheNnuscilvTeeea rs t-TBraena ty 58
oft hOeb la ua -
Scope igtion-sE ntriyn tFoo rc-e D rtion
VerificoaftC ioomnp li-aAnscsee ss-mIemnptl ementation
NucleaArr ms Limitation 69
5
5.1 NuclDeoacrt rines 69
Massive ReatnaMdlA iDa- tNiuocnl ear War--Fighting
ApproatcohN eusc lDeeatre rrence
5.2 Th1e9 72A BMT reaty 71
MaiLni mita-tAisosness somfet nhTter ea-tCyh alletnog es
thTer eaty
5.3 FurtAhBeMr- RelAagtreede ments 75
FirAsgtr eSetda tem-Seencto Angdr eSetda te-ment
ConfideBnuciel d-iSnugc cession
5.4 ControvoevresNria etsi oMniasls Dielfee nce 77
USP la-nIsn ternaRteiaocnt-ailUo nnrse soQluveesdt ions
5.5 Abrogaotfti hoAenB MT reaty 79
5.6 The19 72S ALTII nteArgirme ement 80
MaiLni mita-tAisosness s-mTehneVt l adivostok Accord
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CONTNETS
VII
5.7 The1 97S9A LT Agreements 82
II
MaiLni mita-tAisosness sment
5.8 The1 98I7N FT reaty 84
Orgiinosft hIeN FI ss-uIeN FN egotia-tMiaoinns
Obliga-tAisosness sment
5.9 The1 991S TARTIT reaty 87
MaiPnr ovis-iTohne1s 99 2L isbPorno to-cAosls ess-ment
PostA-RSTT Initiatives
I
5.01 The1 993S TARTI IT reaty 92
MaiPnr ovisions
5.11A greements ComtpoSl TemAeRnTt ary 94
II
STA RTI IP roto-cJooliA ngtr eSetda te-mEexncth aonfg e
LettoenEr sa rDleya ctiv-aAtsisoens sment
5.21 The2 00T2r eaotnSy t ratOeffgeincs Rievdeu ctions 96
Undertgask-Aisnsessment
5.13T actical FNourccleesa r 97
USU nderta-kSionvgiUsen td erta-kFirnegnsc h
Underta-kBirnigtsUi nsdhe rta-kAisnsgess sment
Nuclear-WeapPorno liferation 101
6
6.1 The1 96N8o n-Proliferation Treaty 101
MaiPnr ovis-iAosnsse ssment
6.2 SecurAistsyu rafnocNreo sn -NuclearS-tWaetaepso n 190
PositAisvseu ra-nNceegsa tAisvseu ra-nCcoemsb ined
Assura-nAcsesse ssment
6.3 ProtecotfNi uocnl Meaatr erial 113
ProtecitnIi notne rnaTtriaonns-aplPo rrott ecitnDi oomne stic
Activ-iPtrioetse cotfWi eoanp o-nTsh eP robloefm
Smuggl-iAncgt ion aNguacilnTeesarrtr orism
6.4 NuclSeuaprp lies 116
GuidelfionNreu sc lTeraarn s-fNeurcsl Deuaarl -Use
Guidel-iTnheeZs a nggCeorm mit-tAeses essment
6.5 FissMialtee rPiraold ucCtuito-nO ff 120
Importoaftn hcCeeu t-Off M-eParsousrpee cts
6.6 TheM issTielceh noCloongtyRr eogli me 122
GuidelfionSree sn siMtiisvsei le-RTerlaenvs-afnetr s
Assessment
7 Proposaflosrt heA bolitioofNn u cleaWre apons 152
7.1 TheS timsCoenn teRre'pso rt 162
7.2 PrograomfmA ec tiPorno poastte hdCe D 127
7.3 TheC anbeRrerpao rt 127
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