Table Of ContentAQA GRAMMAR AND VOCABULARY 2017
Compiled by Sue Whittaker
GRAMMATICAL CONSTRUCTIONS
Use all 3 time frames – past, present, future
过 (after the verb) To express ‘having had the experience of’
guò doing something
了 used after a verb to indicate a completed
了 le
action/change of state;
at the end of a phrase to show exclamation
Include time phrases – both time ‘when’ and Time ‘when’ in front of the verb
time ‘how long/frequency’ Time ‘how long/frequency’ after the verb
Remember TIME, MANNER, PLACE
Use adjectives in simple form and with 的de
Use 的to create subordinated clauses (the
equivalent of ‘that’ or ‘which’ clauses)
Use adverbs & intensifiers
很 hěn very
比较 bǐjiào quite
extremely
非常 fēichǎng
most
最 zuì
Include opinions using 认为， 觉得
To feel, think
rènwéi, juéde
可是 kěshì
但是 dànshì
不过 bùguò
All of these can be put in front of a phrase to
indicate, ‘however’ ‘but’
却 què
然而 rán'ér
而且 érqiě
In front of a phrase to indicate ‘in addition’
此外 cǐ wài
并且 bìng qiě
huò zhě
。。或者。。。
or (used in a statement)
1
。。还是。。。 hái shi
or (used in a question)
yīn cǐ
因此
because of this
因为 or 由于。。。所以
yīnwéi / yóu yú………..suǒyǐ
Because……therefore…….
所以 can be replaced with 因此 yīn cǐ， (in front of each phrase)
因而 yīn ér，于是 yú shì
虽然。。。但是
suīrán……..dànshì
虽然can be replaced with 尽管jǐn guǎn or Although…..but
固然 gù rán
(in front of each phrase, ‘but’ not needed in
English but required in Chinese;)
但是 can be replaced with 不过 bùguò,
却 què, 可是 kěshì or 然而 rán'ér
除了。。以外， 也／还 Apart from, also
chúle….yǐwài, yě/hài As well as, also
(‘also’ goes in front of the verb)
如果／要是。。。就
If………, then……
rúguǒ/yàoshì………jiù
(in front of relevant phrases)
Not only…..but also….
不但。。。而且。。
búdàn….…érqiě...
Two uses:
One subject
不仅。。。而且。 She is not only intelligent but also kind.
bù jǐn……… érqiě... 她不但聪明而且亲切。
NB subject IN FRONT OF 不但。
不只。。。而且
Two subjects
bù zhǐ………. érqiě...
Not only is mum intelligent, little sister is
too.
（而且 can be replaced with
不但妈妈很聪明而且妹妹也聪明。
并且 bìng qiě， 还 or 也)
NB Subject 1 AFTER 不但, subject 2
AFTER 而且
先。。。然后
First (verb 1), after (verb 2)
xiān……… rán hòu
先。。再。。 First (verb 1), then (verb 2)
xiān.........zài
2
先。。又。。 First (verb 1), then (verb 2)
xiān………. yòu
。。的时候， When…..
…de shíhou, (in Chinese, non question form ‘when’ goes
at the end of the relevant phrase)
有的时候
Sometimes….
yǒu de shíhou
(goes at start of relevant phrase)
有的时候。。。有的时候。。
Sometimes…..sometimes…..
yǒu de shíhou……… yǒu de shíhou
A 比 B (adjective)
A compared to B (adjective)
A bǐ B (adjective)
Eg A is bigger than B
A 比 B (adjective) 得多／多了。
A compared to B is much (adjective)
A bǐ B (adjective) de duō/ duōle
Eg A is much bigger than B
A 比 B 更(adjective)
A compared to B is even (adjective)
A bǐ B gēng (adjective)
Eg. A is even bigger than B
A 比 B (adjective) 一点儿
A compared to B is a little (adjective)
A bǐ B yī diǎn'r
Eg A is a little bigger than B
A 跟 B 一样
A with B is the same
A gěn B yíyàng
Ie A is the same as B
A 跟 B 一样(adjective)
A is the same (adjective) as B
A gěn B yíyàng (adjective)
Eg A is as big as B
A 没有 B (adjective)
A méi yǒu B (adjective) A is not as (adjective) as B
又 (adjective)又 (adjective)
Descriptive phrase
yòu (adjective) yòu (adjective)
Both (adjective) and (adjective)
一边。。。一边。。。 In front of verbs to mean ‘to do one thing at
yìbiān……….yíbiān… the same time as another’
To express interest in something..
对。。。（不）感兴趣
duì….(bù) gǎn xìngqù
Literally:
To/in……(don’t) have interest
3
对。。。（没）有兴趣
duì….(méi) yǒuxìngqù
越。。。越。。 Used before verbs/adjectives to indicate ‘the
yuè……..yuè more something happens, the more
something else happens’
越来越
More and more, increasingly
yuèláiyuè
(used in front of a verb/adjective)
Verb 得 adverb/description of
verb Constructs a phrase describing how an
de action is done, creates adverbial phrase.
什么都有 Whatever it is, we have it/they have it
shénme dōu yǒu
Add wǎn/hǎo le to a verb to indicate
Verb + 完／好了
something is completed properly
Verb + wǎn/hǎo le
Literally ‘from a place come’
从 place 来 ie to come from a place
cóng .lái eg 他从中国来。
有点儿 somewhat; rather; a little
yǒu diǎn'r eg
I am a little tired 我有点儿累
‘not at all’ used in front of an
adjective/verb
一点儿都不／没 eg 一点儿都没有 – literally ‘even a little bit,
yī diǎn'r dōu bù/méi there isn’t’ ie we don’t have any at all.
Eg 一点儿都不喜欢 － literally ‘a little bit,
don’t like’ ie I don’t like it at all
p167 Expresses ‘extremely’. Put it after
得不得了
the adjective/adverb
débùdéliao
是…的 emphasises the past action, time, place, etc
shì….…de 我是八点来的。
I arrived at 8 o’clock
一…就 as soon as….then
yī ….jiù (each part in front of the verb)
他一放学就回家
多 to show an approximate number
dūo (多 replaces the last number)
我的学校有一千两百多个学生
4
从来 + 都 ＋negative Used in front of the negative verb to
cónglái ＋doū ＋ negative indicate ‘never’.
我从来都没学汉语。
dì yī
第一 firstly
dì èr
第二 secondly
dì sān
第三 thirdly
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CORE VOCABULARY LIST
GENERAL VOCABULARY
MEASURE WORDS
几个 jǐ ge Several
个 ge the most common measure word
口 kǒu m/w for numer of people in a family
m/w for long things (eg a road), fish and selected other
条 tiáo
uses
只 zhī measure word for animal
本
běn measure word for books
张 zhāng measure word for table, picture, map etc (flat things)
件 jiàn measure word for clothes
碗 wǎn a bowl of
bēi
杯 a cup of
瓶 píng A bottle of
双 shuāng pair of things
VERBS
是 shì to be
有 yǒu to have
做 zuò to do, to be/become (occupation)
吃 chī to eat
喝 hē to drink
叫 jiào to call，to be named
学习 xuéxí to learn，to study
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说 shuō to say，speak, talk
想 xiǎng to want, would like, to think
要 yào to want, be going to, must
喜欢 xǐhuan to like
爱 ài to love
会 huì to know how to, can
觉得 juéde to think, to feel
问 wèn to ask
知道 zhīdao to know
懂 dǒng to understand
听 tīng to listen/hear
写 xiě to write
画 huà to paint
看 kàn to see, read, watch, look at
见/见面 jiàn/jiànmiàn to meet
住 zhù to live
请 qǐng to ask
让 ráng to allow
进 jìn to enter
出 chū to go out
坐 zuò to sit
唱 chàng to sing
跳 tiào to jump
玩 wán to play
睡觉 shuìjiào to go to bed, to sleep
开（灯/电 kāi
(dēng/diànshì/ to switch on, turn on, open
视/门） mén)
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关 (灯/电 guān
(dēng/diànshì/ to close, to switch off
视/门) mén)
告诉 gàosu to tell
来 lái to come
去 qù to go
回 huí to return
到 dào to arrive, to get to
对……有
duì....yǒuxìngqù to be interested in
兴趣
to know, recognise
认识 rènshi
(of a person)
应该 yìnggāi should
希望 xīwàng to hope
祝 zhù to wish
试 shì to try
帮助 bāngzhù to help
买 mǎi to buy
卖 mài to sell
打 dǎ to play (ball game) make (phonecall), to beat
踢 tī to play (football), kick
穿 chuān to wear, to put on (clothes)
戴 dài To wear, to put on (accessories)
用 yòng to use
换 huàn to change
开始 kāishǐ to begin
开车 kāi chē to drive
停 tíng to stop
等 děng to wait for
8
放 fàng to put, to set free
给 gěi to give
送 sòng to give (present), to say goodbye to someone
发（电子
fā (diànzi
to send（ an email)
yóujiàn)
邮件）
寄 (信) jì (xīn) to send (a letter)
记得 jìde to remember
忘 wàng to forget
笑 xiào to laugh, smile
洗 xǐ to wash
生气 shēngqì to get angry
安静 ānjìng to be quiet
好象 hǎoxiàng to seem
找 zhǎo to find, to look for
花 huā to spend (time/money) flower
参观 cānguān to visit (place)
dǒng
懂 to understand
明白 míng bai to understand
参加 cān jiā to take part in
ADJECTIVES
好 hǎo good
坏 huài bad
最 zuì most
大 dà big
小 xiǎo small
难 nán hard, difficult
9
容易 róngyì easy
努力 nǔlì hardworking
冷 lěng cold
热 rè hot
对 duì correct, right
错 cuò wrong
好玩 hǎowán interesting, amusing
好吃 hǎochī delicious
快 kuài fast, quick
慢 màn slow
忙 máng busy
累 lèi tired
饿 è hungry
渴 kě thirsty
新 xīn new
老 / 旧 lǎo/jiù old
漂亮 piào liang pretty
nán kàn
难看 ugly
yǒu yì si
有意思 interesting
méi yì si
没意思 boring
gān jìng
干净 clean
脏 zàng dirty
guì
贵 expensive
piàn yí
便宜 cheap
qiàng
强 strong
ruò
弱 weak
远 yuǎn far
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Description:因而yīn ér，于是yú shì. Because……therefore……. (in front of each phrase). 虽然。。。但是 suīrán……..dànshì. 虽然can be replaced with 尽管jǐn guǎn
