Applications of Computational Mechanics in Geotechnical Engineering V: Proceedings of the 5th International Workshop, Guimaraes, Portugal 1-4 April ... in Engineering, Water and Earth Sciences)

477 Pages·2007·16.11 MB·English

by  Luís Ribeiro e Sousa

PROCEEDINGSOFTHE5THINTERNATIONALWORKSHOPONAPPLICATIONSOF
COMPUTATIONALMECHANICSINGEOTECHNICALENGINEERING
GUIMARÃES/PORTUGAL/1–4APRIL2007
Applications of Computational
Mechanics in Geotechnical
Engineering
Edited by
L.R. Sousa & M.M. Fernandes
FacultyofEngineering,UniversityofPorto,Portugal
E.A.Vargas Jr.
DepartmentofCivilEngineering,CatholicUniversityofRiodeJaneiro,Brazil
R.F.Azevedo
DepartmentofCivilEngineering,FederalUniversityofViçosa,Brazil
LONDON / LEIDEN / NEW YORK / PHILADELPHIA / SINGAPORE
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ISBN13: 978-0-415-43789-9
© 2007 by Taylor & Francis Group, LLC
ApplicationsofComputationalMechanicsinGeotechnicalEngineering–Sousa,
Fernandes,VargasJr&Azevedo(eds)
©2007Taylor&FrancisGroup,London,ISBN978-0-415-43789-9
Table of contents
Preface IX
Acknowledgements XI
Constitutivemodels
Estimationofstrengthanddeformationparametersofjointedrockmasses 3
S.A.Yufin,E.V.Lamonina&O.K.Postolskaya
Simulationoffractureflowonsinglerockjoint 17
K.Kishida,P.Mgaya&T.Hosoda
Numericalsimulationsofmaterialswithmicro-structure:limitanalysisand
homogenizationtechniques 33
P.B.Lourenço
Modelingwaterflowinanunsaturatedcompactedsoil 55
K.V.Bicalho
Effectsofpost-peakbrittlenessonfailureandoveralldeformationalcharacteristicsfor
heterogeneousrockspecimenwithinitialrandommaterialimperfections 65
X.B.Wang
Constitutivemodelcalibrationusinganoptimizationtechnique 77
A.G.Guimarães,I.D.Azevedo&R.F.Azevedo
Computationalmodels
Considerationofgeologicalconditionsinnumericalsimulation 87
G.Beer&G.Exadaktylos
Numericsforgeotechnicsandstructures.RecentdevelopmentsinZSoil.PC 103
Th.Zimmermann,J.-L.Sarf,A.Truty&K.Podles
Identificationofparameters:theirimportance,attentiontobepaid,carestobetaken 115
J.C.André&A.C.Furukawa
Inverseanalysisontwogeotechnicalworks:atunnelandacavern 125
S.Eclaircy-Caudron,D.Dias,R.Kastner,T.Miranda,A.G.Correia&L.R.Sousa
Theinfluenceofthepermeabilitymodelinunconfinedseepageproblems 143
J.M.M.C.Marques&J.M.P.Marado
Artificialintelligence
AlternativemodelsforthecalculationoftheRMRandQindexesforgraniterockmasses 151
T.Miranda,A.G.Correia,I.Nogueira,M.F.Santos,P.Cortez&L.R.Sousa
Theroleofintelligentsystemsinthesafetycontrolofcivilengineeringworks 163
E.A.Portela
V
© 2007 by Taylor & Francis Group, LLC
Undergroundstructures
PredictionofsafeperformanceofTBMtunnelsonthebasisofengineeringrockmass
classification 175
M.Zertsalov&A.Deyneko
ModellingapproachesusedininnovativestationdesignsforMetrodoPorto 183
C.Maia&K.Glab
Miningverylargeadjacentstopesusinganintegratedrockmechanicsapproach 191
L.M.Castro
NumericalanalysisoftheVendaNovaIIpowerhousecomplex 201
T.Miranda,A.G.Correia,S.Eclaircy-Caudron,D.Dias,C.Lima&L.R.Sousa
Timedependentsettlementsofthegroundduetoshallowtunnelling 213
Sh.Jafarpisheh,M.Vafaien&B.Koosha
NumericalanalysisofatunnelfromtheBrasiliametrousingthefiniteelementmethod 223
F.Marques,J.A.Sousa&A.Assis
Theinfluenceofunlinedexcavationlengthinfacestability 237
A.Costa,A.S.Cardoso&J.A.Sousa
Soilandrockexcavations
Earthpressuresofsoilsinundrainedconditions.Applicationtothestabilityof
flexibleretainingwalls 247
A.N.Antão,N.M.C.Guerra,A.S.Cardoso&M.M.Fernandes
Methodsoftwo-dimensionalmodellingofsoilanchors:preliminaryresultsofthe
applicationtoflexibleretainingwalls 257
N.M.C.Guerra,C.S.Josefino&M.M.Fernandes
Consolidationandoverallstabilityofunretainedexcavationsinclayeysoilsby
finiteelementmethod 269
J.L.Borges
Parametricstudyofstonecolumnsinembankmentsonsoftsoilsbyfiniteelementmethod 281
T.S.Domingues,J.L.Borges&A.S.Cardoso
Longtermbehaviourofexcavationsinsoftclays:anumericalstudyontheeffect
ofthewallembeddeddepth 293
P.A.Costa,J.L.Borges&M.M.Fernandes
Foundations
Geotechnicalandstructuralproblemsassociatedwithbridgeapproachslabs 305
C.Sagaseta,J.A.Pacheco&L.Albajar
Three-dimensionalfinite-differencemodelingofapiledembankmentonsoftground 313
O.Jenck,D.Dias,R.Kastner,R.Vert&J.Benhamou
Finiteelementanalysisofafootingloadtest 323
A.A.L.Burnier,R.R.V.Oliveira,R.F.Azevedo,I.D.Azevedo&C.L.Nogueira
Onthepulloutoffootingsbackfilledwithcementedsand 331
N.C.Consoli,B.M.Lehane,D.L’Amante,M.Helinski,D.J.Richards&M.J.Rattley
VI
© 2007 by Taylor & Francis Group, LLC
Modelingseismicfailurescenariosofconcretedamfoundations 341
J.V.Lemos&J.P.Gomes
DesignofspreadfoundationsaccordingtotheEC7andthereliabilityevaluation 351
F.F.Martins
Geometricallynon-linearanalysis–applicationtoashallowfoundation 363
P.J.V.Oliveira&L.J.L.Lemos
Groundreinforcement
Influenceofverticalrigidpilesasgroundimprovementtechniqueoveraroadway
embankment.2D&3Dnumericalmodelling 377
M.A.Nunez,D.Dias,R.Kastner,&C.Poilpré
FEpredictionofbearingcapacityoverreinforcedsoil 387
C.L.Nogueira,R.R.V.Oliveira,L.G.Araújo,P.O.Faria&J.G.Zornberg
Environmentalgeotechnics
Numericalstochasticanalysisofsedimentstorageinlargewaterdamreservoirs 403
J.P.Laquini&R.F.Azevedo
Numericalschemesforthesolutionofadvectionproblems 417
A.L.B.Cavalcante&M.M.Farias
HeterogeneoussedimenttransportmodelsolvedbyCIPmethod 429
A.L.B.Cavalcante,M.M.Farias&A.P.Assis
Oilgeomechanics
Wellboreresponseanalysisconsideringspatialvariabilityandfluid-mechanicalcoupling 441
A.L.Muller,E.A.VargasJr,L.E.Vaz&C.Gonçalves
Embankmentsandrailtrackforhighspeedtrains
Dynamicanalysisofrailtrackforhighspeedtrains.2Dapproach 461
A.G.Correia,J.Cunha,J.Marcelino,L.Caldeira,J.Varandas,Z.Dimitrovová,
A.Antão&M.G.Silva
Dynamiceffectsinducedbyabruptchangesintrackstiffnessinhighspeedrailwaylines 473
A.C.A.Ribeiro,R.Calçada&R.Delgado
Simplifiednumericalmodelforthepredictionoftraininducedvibrationsinthe
vicinityofhighspeedraillines 485
N.Santos,R.Calçada&R.Delgado
Analyticalmodelsfordynamicanalysisoftrackforhighspeedtrains 497
P.A.Costa,R.Calçada&A.S.Cardoso
VII
© 2007 by Taylor & Francis Group, LLC
ApplicationsofComputationalMechanicsinGeotechnicalEngineering–Sousa,
Fernandes,VargasJr&Azevedo(eds)
©2007Taylor&FrancisGroup,London,ISBN978-0-415-43789-9
Preface
Computationalmechanicstechniqueshavegainedacceptanceinthesolutionofcomplexgeotech-
nicalproblems.TheSchoolofEngineeringofUniversityofMinho,theFacultyofEngineeringof
UniversityofPortoandtheCivilEngineeringDepartmentsoftheCatholicUniversityofRiode
JaneiroandtheFederalUniversityofViçosaorganizedatGuimarães,April1to4,2007,the5th
InternationalWorkshoponApplicationsofComputationalMechanicsinGeotechnicalEngineering.
ThepreviouseditionsoftheWorkshoptookplaceinRiodeJaneiro,1991and1994,inPorto,
1998, and in Ouro Preto, 2003. These meetings started as a result of a joint research project
involvingorganizationsfromBrazilandPortugal.Itwaspurposeoftheseeventstojoinrenowned
researchersinaninformalmeetingwherepeoplecouldexchangeviewsandpointoutperspectives
ontherelevantsubjects.
TheWorkshopprovidedanexcellentopportunitytoholdhighleveldiscussionsandtodefine
novel approaches for the solution of relevant engineering problems. The meeting attracted
researchers,academics,students,softwaredevelopers,andprofessionalsofallareasofGeotech-
nics.Duringtheeventthefollowingtopicswereaddressed:
Constitutivemodels
Computationalmodels
Artificialintelligence
Undergroundstructures
Soilandrockexcavations
Foundations
Groundreinforcement
Environmentalgeotechnics
Oilgeomechanics
Embankmentsandrailtrackforhighspeedtrains
BrazilianandPortugueseresearchersparticipatedactivelyintheevent, aswellaswellknown
invitedinternationalexperts.Thisbookcontains42papersfrom18countries.Thecontentofthe
bookwillbeofusetoengineersandresearchers.
L.R.Sousa
M.M.Fernandes
E.A.VargasJr.
R.F.Azevedo
IX
© 2007 by Taylor & Francis Group, LLC
ApplicationsofComputationalMechanicsinGeotechnicalEngineering–Sousa,
Fernandes,VargasJr&Azevedo(eds)
©2007Taylor&FrancisGroup,London,ISBN978-0-415-43789-9
Acknowledgements
TheOrganizingCommitteeofthe5thInternationalWorkshoponApplicationsofComputational
MechanicsinGeotechnicalEngineeringisespeciallygratefulto:
EscoladeEngenhariadaUniversidadedoMinho
FaculdadedeEngenhariadaUniversidadedoPorto
PontifíciaUniversidadeCatólicadoRiodeJaneiro
UniversidadeFederaldeViçosa
FundaçãoparaaCiênciaeTecnologia
Thepublicationoftheproceedingshasbeenpartiallyfundedby
FundaçãoCalousteGulbenkian
XI
© 2007 by Taylor & Francis Group, LLC
ApplicationsofComputationalMechanicsinGeotechnicalEngineering–Sousa,
Fernandes,VargasJr&Azevedo(eds)
©2007Taylor&FrancisGroup,London,ISBN978-0-415-43789-9
Estimation of strength and deformation parameters of jointed
rock masses
S.A.Yufin,E.V.Lamonina&O.K.Postolskaya
MoscowStateUniversityofCivilEngineering,Moscow,RussianFederation
ABSTRACT: Filling the existing gap between experimental and numerical techniques in rock
engineeringisachallengingendeavor.Thisgoalcanbereachedbycombiningaccumulatedexpe-
rienceandfactualdatawiththecapabilitiesofrecentcomputermethods.Asoneofthefirststeps
inthecreationofacomprehensivenumericalmodelforjointedandlayeredrock,aseriesofFEM
numericalexperimentswasconductedin2Dand3DforjointedrockblocksusingMohr-Coulomb,
multilaminate and Hoek-Brown models. Compression strength and deformation parameters of
blockswereevaluatedfordifferentjointspacing,jointthicknessandjointinclinationangles.The
results fit well into the multitude of independent experimental, analytical and numerical data.
Practicalimplementationforatunnelinjointedrockisshown.
1 INTRODUCTION
Rockmassesarecomplicatedandcontroversialresearchobjects.Theyareformedinvariousgeo-
logical and climatic conditions under the influence of variety of different factors and represent
discretemulti-componentcompositenaturalformations.Theyareofheterogeneousand,frequently,
anisotropicnatureduetothefactthatalmostanyrockislayeredandjointedwhichdirectlyaffects
itsstrengthanddeformability.
Modernnumericaltechniquesprovidecapabilitiesforsimulationofrealrockmassesandesti-
matingparametersofthemediaweakenedwithintersectingjointswithoutinfluenceofthescale
factor. However, available recommendations primarily consider extreme types of discontinuities
suchasfaultsandlargejointsononesideandnetworksofthinunfilledfissuresontheotherside.
Filledjointsrequirefurtherimprovementofrelevantmodelingtechniques.
2 COMPARISONOFDIFFERENTAPPROACHESTOMODELINGJOINTEDROCK
There are three basic ways to represent jointed media in numerical simulation within the Finite
ElementAnalyses:
1. Jointsaremodeledascontactsusingcontactelements(Goodmanetal1968);
2. Jointedmassisreplacedwithequivalentsolidmediumandissimulatedwithamultilaminate
model(Commendetal1996,Zienkiewicz&Pande1977);
3. Individualjointsarerepresentedasalayerofstandard4-nodefiniteelements(intwo-dimensional
simulation)or8-nodefiniteelements(inthree-dimensionalsimulation).
The last-numbered approach to model jointed media implies that the layer containing a joint
includesalsoapinnateweaknesszonearoundthisjoint,i.e.theparametersoftheelementslayer
should take into account both the properties of the joint filler itself and those of the solid rock
3
© 2007 by Taylor & Francis Group, LLC
Table1. Rocksampleparameters.
Parameter Value
Parametersofsolidrock
ModulusofelasticityEi,GPa 25
Poisson’sratioνi 0.2
Uniaxialcompressivestrengthσci,MPa 100
Uniaxialtensilestrengthσti,MPa 10
Specificcohesionci,MPa 25
Angleofinternalfrictionφi,◦ 41
Sizeofsolidrockblocka,m 1
Parametersofjoints
Jointwidth(cid:4)a,m 0.001
Relativejointwidthα 0.001
Relativerockcontactareaξ 4·10−5
Specificcohesioncj,kPa 50
Angleofinternalfrictionφj,◦ 35
Figure1. Determinationofthewidthofthelayerrepresentingthejoint.
blocks. Both parameters can be taken into account through averaging the properties within the
elementslayer.Todosotheasymptoticmethodofaveragingproposedin(Vlasov,1990)canbeused.
LetusconsiderajointedrocksamplewithparametersgiveninTable1.
LetusdeterminetheunknownmodulusofjointdeformationEj,takingintoaccounttherelative
rockcontactarea(Rats1973):
Let us take the relative width of elements layer simulating the joint, with the weakness zone
takenintoaccount,equaltol=10cm(Figure1).
Wedeterminethemodulusofdeformationforthelayercontainingthejointfromtherelationship
proposedin(Vlasov1990):
4
© 2007 by Taylor & Francis Group, LLC