Appendices - SIL International

139 Pages·2013·5.44 MB·English

by  Stephanie Eichentopf

Appendices

Table of Contents
APPENDIX A : WORDLISTS ....................................................................................................... 41
A.1 International Phonetic Alphabet Chart ............................................................................................... 41
A.2 Lexical Similarity Comparison Procedures........................................................................................... 42
A.3 Wordlist Biodata ................................................................................................................................. 45
A.4 Wordlist Data, Similarity Grouping, and English and Nepali Prompts ................................................. 46
A.5 Lexical Similarity Percentage Matrix for Eight Tharu Wordlists .......................................................... 87
APPENDIX B : RECORDED TEXT TESTING (RTT) ............................................................... 89
B.1 Standard Procedure for Recorded Text Testing (RTT) ......................................................................... 89
B.2 Pre-RTT Questions ............................................................................................................................... 93
B.3 Post-RTT Questions ............................................................................................................................. 94
B.4 Practice Story ...................................................................................................................................... 95
B.5 West Story with RTT Questions ........................................................................................................... 96
B.6 East Story with RTT Questions .......................................................................................................... 105
B.7 Recorded Text Testing Results in West ............................................................................................ 113
B.8 Recorded Text Testing Results in Central .......................................................................................... 116
B.9 Recorded Text Testing Results in East ............................................................................................... 119
APPENDIX C : INFORMAL INTERVIEWS .............................................................................. 123
C.1 Informal Interview Schedule ............................................................................................................. 123
C.2 Key to Abbreviated Terms ................................................................................................................. 126
C.3 Informal Interview Data Questions 1-8 ............................................................................................. 127
C.4 Informal Interview Data Questions 9-16 ........................................................................................... 128
C.5 Informal Interview Data Questions 17-20c ....................................................................................... 131
C.6 Informal Interview Data Questions 21-26 ......................................................................................... 133
C.7 Informal Interview Data Questions 27-28c ....................................................................................... 135
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C.8 Informal Interview Data Questions 29-35a ....................................................................................... 137
C.9 Informal Interview Data Questions 36-40b ....................................................................................... 139
C.10 Informal Interview Data Questions 41-44 ......................................................................................... 141
C.11 Informal Interview Data Questions 45-49a ....................................................................................... 144
C.12 Informal Interview Questions 50-52 ................................................................................................. 146
C.13 Informal Interview Questions 53a-55c .............................................................................................. 148
APPENDIX D : KNOWLEDGEABLE INSIDER INTERVIEW ............................................... 151
D.1 Knowledgeable Insider Interview Schedule ...................................................................................... 151
D.2 Knowledgeable Insider Interview Data ............................................................................................. 153
APPENDIX E : DIALECT MAPPING PARTICIPATORY METHOD .................................... 157
E.1 Dialect Mapping Procedures in English ............................................................................................. 157
E.2 Dialect Mapping Procedures in Nepali .............................................................................................. 158
E.3 Dialect Mapping Data........................................................................................................................ 160
APPENDIX F : EXPANDED GRADED INTERGENERATIONAL DISRUPTION SCALE .. 169
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Appendix A: Wordlists
A.1 International Phonetic Alphabet Chart

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A.2 Lexical Similarity Comparison Procedures
For a lexical similarity count, the wordlists are compared, in order to determine the extent
to which the vocabulary of each pair of speech forms is similar. No attempt is made to
identify genuine cognates based on a network of sound correspondences. Rather, two items
are judged to be phonetically similar if at least half of the segments compared are the same
(category 1) and of the remaining segments at least half are rather similar (category 2). For
example, if two items of eight segments in length are compared, these words are judged to
be similar if at least four segments are virtually the same and at least two are rather similar.
The criteria applied are:
Category 1
 Consonants (consonant-like) segments which match exactly
 Vowels (vowel-like) segments which match exactly or differ by only one articulatory
feature
 Phonetically similar consonant segments (of the sort which frequently are found as
allophones, such as difference in only one articulatory feature) which are seen to
correspond in at least three pairs of words
Category 2
 All other phonetically similar pairs of segments which are not, however, supported
by at least three pairs of words
Category 3
 Pairs of segments which are not phonetically similar
 A segment which is matched by no segment in the corresponding item
Other criteria used specifically for the analysis of this survey are:
 Aspirated and unaspirated sounds are considered as category one
 Nasalised vowels considered as simil / and /n/)
 Double consonants were considered one segment (i.e. /p/ and /pp/)
 Retroflex and alveolar sounds that were otherwise the same, were considered similar
(i.e. ɖ d d )
 Dipthongs were counted as one segment
 /ɹ/, /ɾ/, and /r/ were all counted as similar due to transcription difficulties with
these sounds
 Palatalized stops (/kʲ ) were disregarded during comparison
 I ə d g d d
 Due to variation during transcription, /ɑ , , d ə were all counted as similar.
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 An increase in the number of segments in category 3 is permitted if it is
compensated by an increase in the number of segments in category 1 (see Figure 1).
Figure 1: Word length and lexical similarity
Word Category Category Category
Length One Two Three
2 2 0 0
3 2 1 0
4 2 1 1
5 3 1 1
6 3 2 1
7 4 2 1
8 4 2 2
9 5 2 2
10 5 3 2
11 6 3 2
12 6 3 3

After pairs of items on two wordlists had been determined to be phonetically similar,
according to the criteria stated above, the percentage of items judged similar was
calculated. The procedure was repeated for each pair of language varieties.
When eliciting verbs, two different forms were asked: the simple past for 3rd person
singular and the imperative for 2nd person singular. This was done to identify a common
root morpheme, rather than comparing the words as a whole. The common root morpheme
was used for the comparison.
During the process of wordlist elicitation, the researcher transcribes the words phonetically
by using the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA). The transcriptions should be done as
accurately as possible. It would be best if only one person did the transcriptions, because
each field worker eliciting words may hear and transcribe the sounds slightly differently.
Wordlists for this survey were collected by multiple researchers. Therefore, in order to
maintain accuracy, after the actual wordlist collection, the researchers listened to the
recorded wordlists to account for and unify in notation all the variations that were thought
to represent the same sound but marked in different ways.
The Tharu varieties of this survey do not use tone, and therefore, tone was not considered
during transcription and comparison.
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Some elicited words were excluded from the lexicostatistic count. Tharu and Nepali
numbers use the same lexical term. In some cases, slight variation from the Nepali
pronunciation were given. Clearly a loan word, these words were not considered in the
comparison. A few items were disqualified because of doubts to whether people had really
given a word with the same meaning. Those entries were disqualified in order to eliminate
potential skewing. The final word count of the comparisons in this report were between 266
and 268 lexical items.
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A.3 Wordlist Biodata
Rautahat (West) Siraha (Central) Morang (East)
1. Informed Consent Given Given Given
3. Date 5-Apr-13 28-Apr-13 28-Feb-13
4. Village, District Simara, Rautahat Jahadi, Siraha Gidhaniya, Morang
Stephanie
5. Interviewer Jessica Mitchell Jessica Mitchell
Eichentopf
6. Language of
Nepali Nepali Nepali
elicitation
7. Language of response Nepali Nepali Nepali
8. Interpreter N/A N/A N/A
9. Sex Male Male Male
Jugi Ram Ram Shankar Dokaram Bishwas
10. Name
Chaudhary Chaudhary Tharu
11. Age 51 48 59
12. Caste Tharu Tharu Tharu
13. Religion Hindu Hindu Hindu
14. Occupation Farmer Teacher Farmer
15. Have you ever been
Yes Yes No
to school?
15a. (If yes) Up to which
8 Plus 2 N/A
class?
16. Mother tongue Tharu Tharu Tharu
17. Birthplace Simara Jahadi Gidhaniya
18. Where do you live
Simara Jahadi Gidhaniya
now?
19. How long have you
51 years 48 years 59 years
been living there/here?
20. Have you lived
anywhere else for more No No No
than a year?
21. Where is your father
Simara Jahadi Gidhaniya
from?
22 F ’ m
Tharu Tharu Tharu
tongue
23. What language did
your father usually
Tharu Tharu Tharu
speak to you when you
were a child?
24. Where is your
Padari, Bara Jahadi Gakhuwa
mother from?
25 M ’ m
Tharu Tharu Tharu
tongue
26. What language did
your mother usually
Tharu Tharu Tharu
speak to you when you
were a child?
Tharu, Nepali, Tharu, Nepali,
27. What language(s) Tharu, Nepali,
English, Hindi, English, Hindi,
can you speak? English, Hindi
Maithili Maithili
28. Which language do
you speak best (a), a. Tharu b. a. Tharu b. Nepali a. Nepali b. Tharu
second best (b), and Maithili c. Nepali c. Hindi c. Hindi
third best (c)?
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A.4 Wordlist Data, Similarity Grouping, and English and Nepali Prompts
These three 268-item wordlists from Kochila Tharu villages were compared with five other
wordlists collected in October 2011 from Dangaura Tharu and its closely related varieties
(Deukhuri, Desauriya, and Malhoriya), as well as Kathariya Tharu. The comparison shown
here only displays the data from the three Kochila Tharu wordlists of this survey. The
grouping numbers used here are from the complete comparison of all eight wordlists and
therefore, may appear incomplete. The similarity percentage matrix for all eight wordlists is
in Appendix A.5 following the Kochila Tharu comparison.
Verbs were elicited in 3rd person past and informal imperative in order to determine the
verb root for comparison. Only the 3rd person past form is displayed in the comparison.
Abbreviations:
IPA – International Phonetic Alphabet
N/A – Not applicable
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