Table Of ContentAnticoagulation
Therapy
Joe F. Lau
Geoff rey D. Barnes
Michael B. Streiff
Editors
123
Anticoagulation Therapy
Joe F. Lau • Geoffrey D. Barnes
Michael B. Streiff
Editors
Anticoagulation
Therapy
Editors
Joe F. Lau, MD, PhD Geoffrey D. Barnes, MD, MSc
Associate Professor of Cardiology Assistant Professor
Department of Cardiology Division of Internal Medicine
Zucker School of Medicine Frankel Cardiovascular Center at the
at Hofstra/Northwell University of Michigan
Northwell Health Ann Arbor, MI, USA
Manhasset, NY, USA
Michael B. Streiff, MD
Professor of Medicine and Pathology
Division of Hematology
Department of Medicine
The Johns Hopkins University
School of Medicine
Baltimore, MD, USA
ISBN 978-3-319-73708-9 ISBN 978-3-319-73709-6 (eBook)
https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-73709-6
Library of Congress Control Number: 2018935389
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Preface
Since the introduction of vitamin K antagonists in the 1950s, the field of anti-
coagulation has evolved considerably to include an ever-increasing number
of new therapeutic agents and procedures for thromboembolic disease. The
rapidity of change presents a challenge for busy healthcare providers to stay
abreast of the latest developments in the management of thrombotic disease.
This book outlines the current state of antithrombotic therapy which will
serve as a foundation upon which the field will inevitably continue to grow
and develop. We hope that the readers will find this book to be a valuable
resource and reliable reference for patient care.
Manhasset, NY, USA Joe F. Lau, MD, PhD
Ann Arbor, MI, USA Geoffrey D. Barnes, MD, MSc
Baltimore, MD, USA Michael B. Streiff, MD
v
Acknowledgments
For my parents, who sacrificed and gave their all so their children can suc-
ceed; for my wife, Nora, and my sons, Justin and Daniel, who have continued
to inspire me through their unwavering and loving support; and to my men-
tors and colleagues over the years—I thank you for keeping doors open for
the kid who dreamed big.—Joe F. Lau
For my parents, who nurtured my love of science and medicine; for my hus-
band, Grant, and my daughter, Gillian, who give me endless support and
encouragement; and to my mentors, colleagues, and patients who have taught
me the true joy of medicine.—Geoffrey D. Barnes
I would like to acknowledge my wife, Lauren, and my children, Zachary and
Madeline, who have been a source of pride and joy and who have been unbe-
lievably supportive despite my crazy schedule and extremely patient and tol-
erant of my working vacations and weekends. I would also like to thank my
parents, Richard and Jenny Streiff, as well as the mentors who taught and
inspired me including Richard R. Streiff, MD; Craig S. Kitchens, MD;
Richard Lottenberg, MD; William R. Bell, MD, PhD; Jerry L. Spivak, MD;
and Thomas S. Kickler, MD.—Michael B. Streiff
vii
Contents
1 Introduction . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1
Joe F. Lau, Geoffrey D. Barnes, and Michael B. Streiff
Part I Anticoagulants
2 Warfarin . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9
Gregory C. Hadlock, Allison E. Burnett, and Edith A. Nutescu
3 Unfractionated Heparin and Low- Molecular- Weight
Heparin . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 31
Rhynn J. Malloy, Jessica Rimsans, Megan Rhoten,
Katelyn Sylvester, and John Fanikos
4 Parenteral Anticoagulants: Direct Thrombin Inhibitors
and Pentasaccharides . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 59
Meghan L. Fletcher and Allison E. Burnett
5 Direct Oral Anticoagulants . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 87
Natalie S. Evans
6 Anticoagulation Reversal . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 105
Deborah Hornacek and Marcelo P. V. Gomes
7 Transitioning Between Anticoagulants . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 133
Maya Serhal and Marcelo P. V. Gomes
Part II Clinical Applications of Anticoagulant Therapy
8 The Anticoagulation Clinic. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 153
Nathan P. Clark and Daniel M. Witt
9 Perioperative Management of Anticoagulants . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 175
Ibrahim M. Ali, Alexander Volodarskiy, and Joe F. Lau
10 Acute Coronary Syndromes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 197
Nilay K. Patel and Sammy Elmariah
11 Antithrombotic Therapy for Patients
with Atrial Fibrillation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 217
Kyla M. Lara and Jonathan L. Halperin
ix
x Contents
12 A nticoagulant Strategies for Electrophysiology Procedures . . . 239
Stuart J. Beldner and David L. Stern
13 A nticoagulation for Cardiac Prosthetic Devices:
Prosthetic Heart Valves, Left Ventricular Assist Devices,
and Septal Closure Devices . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 253
Matthew T. Crim, Supriya Shore, Suegene K. Lee,
and Bryan J. Wells
14 Anticoagulation in Venous Thromboembolism . . . . . . . . . . . . . 297
Geoffrey D. Barnes and Elizabeth T. Renner
15 Thrombophilic States . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 325
Adriana Guigova and Tony Philip
16 Thrombophilia Testing . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 345
Teresa L. Carman
17 Heparin-Induced Thrombocytopenia . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 359
Emily Downs, Svetlana Goldman, Surabhi Palkimas,
and Aditya M. Sharma
18 A nticoagulation Therapy in Pregnant Patients . . . . . . . . . . . . . 391
Steven A. Savella, Jessica A. Kvasic, and Joe F. Lau
19 A nticoagulation in the Elderly . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 409
Ruchika Harisingani, Ibrahim M. Ali, Bhakti Shah,
and Salonie Pereira
20 A nticoagulation in the Patient with Cancer . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 425
Simon Mantha, Dipti Gupta, Chadi Salmane, Mansour
Khaddr, Gerald A. Soff, and Richard Steingart
Index . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 441
Contributors
Ibrahim M. Ali Department of Cardiology, Northwell Health, Zucker
School of Medicine at Hofstra/Northwell, Manhasset, NY, USA
Geoffrey D. Barnes Department of Internal Medicine, Division of
Cardiovascular Medicine, Frankel Cardiovascular Center at the University of
Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
Stuart J. Beldner Department of Cardiology, Northwell Health, Zucker
School of Medicine at Hofstra/Northwell, Manhasset, NY, USA
Allison E. Burnett University of New Mexico College of Pharmacy,
Albuquerque, NM, USA
Teresa L. Carman Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, University
Hospitals Cleveland Medical Center, Cleveland, OH, USA
Department of Medicine, Case Western Reserve University School of
Medicine, Cleveland, OH, USA
Nathan P. Clark Clinical Pharmacy Anticoagulation and Anemia Service,
Kaiser Permanente Colorado, Aurora, CO, USA
Matthew T. Crim Department of Medicine, Division of Cardiology, Emory
University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA, USA
Emily Downs Department of Surgery, Division of Thoracic and
Cardiovascular Surgery, University of Virginia Medical Center, University of
Virginia, Charlottesville, VA, USA
Sammy Elmariah Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine,
Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
Natalie S. Evans Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Section of
Vascular Medicine, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH, USA
John Fanikos Department of Pharmacy, Brigham and Women’s Hospital,
Boston, MA, USA
Meghan L. Fletcher Inpatient Pharmacy Department, University of New
Mexico Hospital, Albuquerque, NM, USA
Svetlana Goldman Department of Pharmacy, University of Virginia Medical
Center, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA, USA
xi
xii Contributors
Marcelo P. V. Gomes Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Section of
Vascular Medicine, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH, USA
Adriana Guigova Division of Hematology/Oncology, Department of
Medicine, Zucker School of Medicine at Hofstra/Northwell, Northwell
Health, Lake Success, NY, USA
Dipti Gupta Department of Medicine, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer
Center, New York, NY, USA
Gregory C. Hadlock Inpatient Pharmacy Department, University of New
Mexico Hospital, Albuquerque, NM, USA
Jonathan L. Halperin The Cardiovascular Institute, Mount Sinai Medical
Center, New York, NY, USA
Ruchika Harisingani Department of Medicine, Northwell Health, Zucker
School of Medicine at Hofstra/Northwell, Manhasset, NY, USA
Deborah Hornacek Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Section of
Vascular Medicine, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH, USA
Mansour Khaddr Department of Medicine, Memorial Sloan Kettering
Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA
Jessica A. Kvasic Department of Medicine, Zucker School of Medicine at
Hofstra/Northwell, Northwell Health, Manhasset, NY, USA
Kyla M. Lara Department of Medicine, The Icahn School of Medicine at
Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
Joe F. Lau Department of Cardiology, Zucker School of Medicine at Hofstra/
Northwell, Northwell Health, Manhasset, NY, USA
Suegene K. Lee Department of Medicine, Division of Cardiology, Emory
University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA, USA
Rhynn J. Malloy Department of Pharmacy, Brigham and Women’s Hospital,
Boston, MA, USA
Simon Mantha Department of Medicine, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer
Center, New York, NY, USA
Edith A. Nutescu Department of Pharmacy Systems, Outcomes and Policy,
Center for Pharmacoepidemiology and Pharmacoeconomic Research, The
University of Illinois at Chicago College of Pharmacy, Chicago, IL, USA
Surabhi Palkimas Department of Pharmacy, University of Virginia Medical
Center, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA, USA
Nilay K. Patel Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine,
Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
Salonie Pereira Department of Medicine, Northwell Health, Zucker School
of Medicine at Hofstra/Northwell, Manhasset, NY, USA
