Antibiotic Resistance and Antibiotic Compounds in Waste Water Treatment Plants in Europe

27 Pages·2016·2.62 MB·English

by  Marko Virta

Antibiotic Resistance
and Antibiotic
Compounds in Waste
Water Treatment Plants
in Europe
Marko Virta
University of Helsinki
Finland
[email protected]

Dynamics of antibiotic resistance
Davies & Davies Microbiol. Mol. Biol. Rev. 2010;74:417-433
More use, more resistance
• ~75% of the compounds are
excreted
• ~80 % of antibiotics are used
for animals
• Mostly to healthy animals
• Also in EU, Japan, Canada, …
http://apps.who.int/medicinedocs/documents/s7920e/p1.jpg
4
Stopping antibiotic resistance evolution
(StARE) 2015-2017
Aims
• Harmonized protocols to measure antibiotic resistance in aquatic environments
• The occurrence of antibiotic residues and ARB&G and potentially interacting
emerging chemical pollutants in the final effluent of urban wastewater treatment
plants (UWTP)
• Critical factors (e.g. antimicrobial residues, heavy metals, temperature, organic
matter) coinciding with the highest AR prevalence
• Develop and improve advanced WW treatment technologies and/or their
combination with biological processes to be implemented in critical points
• COST Action TD 0803 as background
• Water JPI funding
5
StARE Partners
• CéliaManaia, UniversidadeCatólicaPortuguesa, Consortium leader
• Marko Virta, Universityof Helsinki
• DespoFatta-Kassinos, Univesityof Cyprus
• Sara Rodriguez, Catalan Institute for Water Research(ICRA)
• Thomas Schwartz, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT),
• Jose Luiz Martinez, Agencia EstatalConsejoSuperior de InvestigacionesCientíficas
• Henning Sørum, Norwegian School of Veterinary Science
• Thomas Berendonk, TechnischeUniversitätDresden
• IsabelHenriques, Universityof Aveiro
• Fiona Walsh, NUI Maynooth
• Christian Elpers, AquantecGmbH
6
Antibiotic resistance
• Natural phenomena
• Genetically encoded
• acquired vs. intrinsic resistance
• Clinical data dominates
• Cultured isolates
• MIC values (Minimum Inhibitory Concentration)
• How well antibiotics work in treatment
• Sequence data
• Culture-based methods are not suitable for environmental
samples since <1% on the species grow
• Can transfer by Horizontal Gene Transfer (HGT)
7
Horizontal gene transfer (HGT)
• HGT activity
increases with
bacterial stress
Furuya& Lowy 2006, Nat Rev Microbiol. 4: 36–45
Integrons collect resistance genes
Collection activity increases with bacterial stress
Wellington et al. Lancet Infect Dis , Volume 13, Issue 2, 2013, 155–165
Transposons move between genetic
elements
Levy & Marshall 2004. Nature Medicine 10:S122c