Annual Progress Report on Malting Barley Research March, 2002

169 Pages·2002·4.4 MB·English

Annual Progress Report
on
Malting Barley Research
March, 2002
Information presented in this report is
confidential and not for publication,
citation or reproduction in any form.
American Malting Barley Association, Inc.
740 N. Plankinton Ave., #830; Milwaukee, Wisconsin 53203; [phone]; http://www.AMBAinc.org
OFFICERS AND STAFF

Chairman of the Board ............... HEINRICH K. HEISSINGER, Anheuser-Busch, Inc.
Vice Chairman ........................... RICHARD D. MENSING, Minnesota Malting Co.
Secretary/Treasurer .................... DAVID S. RYDER, Miller Brewing Co.
President ..................................... MICHAEL P. DAVIS, AMBA
VP & Technical Director ........... SCOTT E. HEISEL, AMBA
Administrative Assistant ............ JOANN M. WALLDREN, AMBA

BOARD OF DIRECTORS

HEINRICH K. HEISSINGER (Chairman), Anheuser-Busch, Inc.
DOUG EDEN, Cargill Malt
KEN GROSSMAN, Sierra Nevada Brewing Co.
PHILIP HALL, Latrobe Brewing Co.
RICHARD D. MENSING, Minnesota Malting Co.
ROBERT MICHELETTI, Rahr Malting Co.
CHRIS MULDER, Froedtert Malt
DAVID S. RYDER, Miller Brewing Co.
CARL SIEBERT, Briess Malting Co.
GORDON TILLEY, Great Western Malting Co.

TECHNICAL COMMITTEE

MICHAEL P. DAVIS (Chairman), American Malting Barley Association, Inc.
TONY CHADWICK, Great Western Malting Co.
SHERMAN H. CHAN, Rahr Malting Co.
MARVIN DAVELOOSE, Minnesota Malting Co.
DICK DUNCOMBE, Miller Brewing Co.
KEN GROSSMAN, Sierra Nevada Brewing Co.
JOSEPH J. GRUSS, Latrobe Brewing Co.
THOMAS H. HARTZELL, Briess Malting Co.
BERNE L. JONES, USDA/ARS Cereal Crops Research Unit, WI
WILLIAM J. LADISH, Cargill Malt
MARY-JANE MAURICE, Froedtert Malt
LESLIE J. WRIGHT, Anheuser-Busch, Inc.
-i-

INTRODUCTION

The March 2002 Annual Progress Report on Malting Barley Research was
compiled from reports submitted by barley researchers. The reports include research
supported in whole or in part by the American Malting Barley Association and other
barley research conducted during the 2001 crop season and the winter of 2001/2002.

The American Malting Barley Association made grants totaling $652,940 to state
and federal research institutions for the support of malting barley research programs in
ten states during the 2001/2002 fiscal year. This substantial industry support augments
state and federal funds allocated for barley research.

The overall objective of the American Malting Barley Association research
program is the development of barley varieties that combine superior malting and
brewing qualities with superior agronomic characteristics. Attainment of this goal
involves both basic and applied research in breeding, cytogenetics, genetics,
biochemistry, molecular biology, plant physiology, plant pathology, and production. We
gratefully acknowledge the cooperation and contributions of both state and federal
researchers and administrators in helping to achieve this objective.

ANNUAL PROGRESS REPORT ON MALTING BARLEY RESEARCH
March, 2002
TABLE OF CONTENTS
Page
INTRODUCTION ............................................................................................................... i
CALIFORNIA
UNIVERSITY OF CALIFORNIA – DAVIS
2000/2001 Winter Nursery: Barley Stripe Rust Screening
L.F. Jackson ............................................................................................................. 1
Two-Rowed Barley Germplasm Improvement
L.W. Gallagher........................................................................................................... 4

COLORADO
COLORADO STATE UNIVERSITY
Barley stripe Rust International Germplasm Screening
W.M. Brown, Jr., J.P. Hill and V.R. Velasco .......................................................... 6

IDAHO
USDA-ARS NATIONAL SMALL GRAINS GERMPLASM RESEARCH FACILITY
Breeding, Germplasm Development, and Genetics of Improved Spring and Winter
Malting Barley
C.A. Erickson, D.E. Burrup and D.M. Wesenberg .................................................. 10
National Small Grains Collection Barley Germplasm Evaluations
H.E. Bockelman, C.A. Erickson and D.M. Wesenberg ........................................... 27
Development of Six-rowed Malting Barley Germplasm for the Western US Using
Conventional and Marker-assisted Selection Techniques
D.L. Hoffman and A. Hang....................................................................................... 31

MINNESOTA
UNIVERSITY OF MINNESOTA
Minnesota Barley Improvement Project
K.P. Smith ................................................................................................................ 35
Management and Epidemiology of Diseases in Barley
R. Dill-Macky, C.K. Evans and B. Salas ................................................................. 42
Identification of Novel Disease Resistance Geenes for Barley
B.J. Steffenson........................................................................................................... 47
Barley Transformation
G.J. Muehlbauer, L. Smith and N. Al Saady ........................................................... 51
MONTANA
MONTANA STATE UNIVERSITY
Developing Improved Malting Barley Varieties for Montana
T.K. Blake ................................................................................................................ 58
Epidemiology and Control of Barley Leaf Diseases Caused by Fungal Pathogens
M.R. Johnston .......................................................................................................... 66

NORTH DAKOTA
NORTH DAKOTA STATE UNIVERSITY
Two-rowed Barley Improvement Project
J.D. Franckowiak ..................................................................................................... 71
Six-rowed Barley Improvement Project
R.D. Horsley ............................................................................................................ 77
Studies on Barley Diseases and Their Control
S. Neate .................................................................................................................... 85
Malting and Brewing Quality of Barley
P.B. Schwarz ............................................................................................................ 89
USDA-ARS NORTHERN CROP SCIENCE LABORATORY
Attempts to Transform Newer Cultivars with Genes Affecting Trichothecene
Toxin and FHB Levels
L.S. Dahleen and M. Manoharan .............................................................................. 96
Developing Barley Tissue Culture Systems to Improve Plant Regeneration and Reduce
Somaclonal Variation
L.S. Dahleen and P. Bregitzer.................................................................................... 99
Barley Virus Diseases
M.C. Edwards .......................................................................................................... 104

OKLAHOMA
USDA-ARS PLANT SCIENCE RESEARCH LABORATORY
Germplasm Enhancement for RWA Resistance
D.W. Mornhinweg, D.R. Porter and J.A. Webster .................................................. 106

OREGON
OREGON STATE UNIVERSITY
The Oregon Barley Improvement Program
P.M. Hayes................................................................................................................. 109
WASHINGTON
WASHINGTON STATE UNIVERSITY
Molecular Marker Assisted Modification of Traditional High Quality Malting Barleys
A. Kleinhofs, D. von Wettstein and S.E. Ullrich ..................................................... 123

Barley Improvement in Washington
S.E. Ullrich, V.A. Jitkov, J.A. Clancy, M.C. Dugger, A. Kleinhofs
and D. v.Wettstein .................................................................................................... 126

WISCONSIN
USDA-ARS CEREAL CROPS RESEARCH UNIT

A Study of the Malting Quality of New Barley Selections
A.D. Budde, B.L. Jones, E. Goplin and D.M. Peterson .......................................... 137
Characterization of the Protein Hydrolyzing Systems of Mashes and Malts
B.L. Jones, D. Fontanini and L.A. Marinac............................................................... 143
Studies on the Proteinases That Are Produced When Fusarium Grows on Cereal
Proteins and Barley Proteins That Inhibit Them
A.I. Pekkarinen and B.L. Jones.................................................................................. 147
Studies of Starch Degradation and the Production of Fermentable Sugars in
Malting Barley
C.A. Henson .............................................................................................................. 132
Directed Expression of Antifungal Genes in Barley and Influences of Native
Antifungal Seed Proteins on Malting Quality
R.W. Skadsen ........................................................................................................... 149

1
2000/2001 WINTER NURSERY: BARLEY STRIPE RUST SCREENING
Lee Jackson, Extension Agronomist/Pathologist
Department of Agronomy & Range Science
University of California, Davis

Objectives
Barley stripe rust (BSR) continues to threaten barley production throughout the western
United States. Since its first occurrence in 1991, it has caused significant yield losses
throughout the region. Public and private breeding programs have developed lines and
varieties that are resistant to stripe rust, but continued screening for new sources of
resistance is needed since new races of the BSR fungus continue to appear. California,
where most barley acreage (primarily spring feed barley) is fall-sown, has experienced
very heavy stripe rust pressure each year since 1996. UC Davis, located in the north-
central portion of the state, provides an ideal environment for screening. A key
advantage of the UC Davis site is that both winter and spring germplasm can be grown
successfully with fall-sowing (fall-sowing produces sufficient vernalization conditions
for winter barley while winter conditions are mild enough that spring barley has high –
essentially 100% - winter survival).
The main objective of the project is to identify sources of resistance to BSR among
barley accessions (spring and winter) from the National Small Grains Collection (NSGC)
and cooperator lines (breeding lines and newly developed varieties from public and
private breeding programs).
Methodology
About 2500 lines (primarily assembled by Darrell Wesenberg, USDA-ARS, Aberdeen
from the NSGC and public and private breeders; additional lines were received directly
from breeders) were screened in 2000/2001. Germplasm included cooperator lines (from
Hayes, Hensleigh, Clark, Wesenberg, An Hang, McProud, Treat, Roche, Ullrich, Wright,
Carleton, and Pickering (New Zealand)), 1000 lines from the NSGC, and about 100
Hordeum spontaneum accessions from Steffenson. The varieties Russell and Bancroft
were repeated checks throughout the nursery, while spreader rows of the California
susceptible check variety, Max, also were sown throughout the nursery. Single 8-ft rows
of each entry were sown on November 26-27, 2000. Time of initial infection was noted
and disease increase during the season was recorded. Disease severity ratings were made
on April 16-18 and on May 7-8 for the cooperator lines and on April 25-27 and May 9-10
for the winter barley accessions from the NSGC. Assessments of incidence and severity
of other diseases (primarily BYD, scald, and net blotch) also were made.
Results
Stripe rust was first detected in mid-to-late March. By the time of the final disease
severity rating, about 35% of the cooperator lines and 58% of the winter barley
accessions from the NSGC showed a 100S reaction. Many lines (22% of the cooperator
2
lines and 7% of the winter barley accessions from the NSGC) remained BSR-free. Stripe
rust collections were sent to Xianming Chen, USDA pathologist at Washington State
University in Pullman, WA for race identification. Of other diseases observed, both
BYD and scald occurred in high frequency and from low to high severity, depending on
the line. Low levels of net blotch and leaf rust were observed on some lines. Lines that
expressed moderate to high severity of BYD and/or scald were noted, along with their
stripe rust reactions. Disease severity ratings of evaluated lines are given in the attached
files.

Personnel:
Lee Jackson, Extension Agronomist/Pathologist
Diane Prato-Mayo, Lab Assistant