Table Of ContentUDK 009 ISSN 1408-5348
Anali za istrske in mediteranske študije
Annali di Studi istriani e mediterranei
Annals for Istrian and Mediterranean Studies
Series Historia et Sociologia, 27, 2017, 1
KOPER 2017
ANNALES · Ser. hist. sociol. · 27 · 2017 · 1
ISSN 1408-5348 UDK 009 Letnik 27, leto 2017, številka 1
UREDNIŠKI ODBOR/ Roderick Bailey (UK), Simona Bergoč, Furio Bianco (IT), Milan
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ANNALES · Ser. hist. sociol. · 27 · 2017 · 1
Anali za istrske in mediteranske študije - Annali di Studi istriani e mediterranei - Annals for Istrian and Mediterranean Studies
UDK 009 Letnik 27, Koper 2017, številka 1 ISSN 1408-5348
VSEBINA / INDICE GENERALE / CONTENTS
Adi Bunyamin Zamzamin, Dahlan Ghani, Amir Boris Dorbić, Anita Pamuković & Milivoj Blažević:
Aarieff Amir Hussin & Mohd Zaky Khairuddin: Djelovanje kotarskog agronoma Vinka Anzulovića
Technological Advancement through Character u edukaciji puka Šibenskog kotara iz biljne
Design: Darth Vader as Case Study ............................ 1 proizvodnje u razdoblju 1921–1940. ....................... 61
Lo sviluppo tecnologico tramite il design Le attività dell’agronomo principale del distretto
dei personaggi: Darth Vader come case study Vinko Anzulović nell’educazione delle masse
Tehnološki napredek skozi oblikovanje filmskih nel distretto di Sebenico sulla produzione delle
in drugih likov: Darth Vader kot študija primera piante durante il periodo tra 1921 e 1940
The Activities of the District Agronomist Vinko
Pavel Jamnik, Petra Leben-Seljak, Borut Toškan, Anzulović in the Education of the Masses
Matija Križnar, Stanislav Glažar, Bruno Blažina in Šibenik District on the Topic of Plant Production
& Janez Bizjak: Grobišče v Imenskem rovu / during the Period from 1921 to 1940
Rovu starih podpisov v Postojnski jami.
So bili obiski Postojnske jame sredi 17. stoletja Jasna Potočnik Topler: Norman Mailer
»turistični« ogledi grobišča? .................................... 11 in Yugoslavia ........................................................... 81
La necropoli della galleria Imenski rov (Galleria Norman Mailer in Jugoslavia
dei nomi) / Rov starih podpisov (Galleria dei Norman Mailer v Jugoslaviji
nomi antichi) delle Grotte di Postojna. Le visite
delle Grotte di Postojna, risalenti alla metà del
Estera Cerar, Raša Urbas & Urška Stankovič
XVII secolo, possono essere interpretate come
Elesini: Razvoj informacijske infrastrukture
visite »turistiche« fatte alla necropoli?
v letih 1960–1991 s primeri iz slovenske
Burial Ground in the Imenski rov (Passage
tekstilne industrije ................................................... 89
of names) / Rov starih podpisov (Passage of
Sviluppo dell’infrastruttura informatica negli anni
Old Signatures) in Postojna cave. Did Visits
1960–1991 con esempi dell’industria tessile slovena
of the Postojna Cave in the Middle of the 17th
Development of Information Infrastructure between
Century mean »Turist« Visits of the Cemetery?
1960 and 1991 in Slovenian Textile Industry
Darja Mihelič: Ekonomska privlačnost
Anica Čuka, Lena Mirošević, Josip Faričić & Vera
srednjeveškega Pirana za tuje doseljence ................. 31
Graovac Matassi: Phylloxera Revisited:
L‘attrattività economica del Pirano medievale
The Spread of Grapevine Disease in Dalmatia
per gli immigranti esteri
and its Influence on Socio-economic Development
The Economic Attractiveness of the Mediaeval
and Agricultural Landscape .................................... 101
Piran for Foreign Immigrants
Fillossera: La diffusione della malattia della vite
in Dalmazia e il suo effetto sullo sviluppo socio-
Miodarka Tepavčević: Stefan Mitrov Ljubiša
economico e sul paesaggio agricolo
i Crna gora – povijesno-kulturne veze ...................... 41
Filoksera (trtna uš): Širjenje trtne bolezni
Stefan Mitrov Ljubiša e il Montenegro – relazioni
v Dalmaciji in njen vpliv na družbeno-gospodarski
storico-culturali
razvoj ter kmetijsko krajino
Stefan Mitrov Ljubiša and Montenegro – historical
and cultural bonds
Vera Graovac Matassi & Davor Relja:
Michał Kopczyk: Those Problematic Slavs. Silesia Demografska dinamika na otoku Rabu
in the Eyes of a German Traveler (Case Study) .......... 53 od sredine 19. st. do danas ..................................... 119
Quei slavi problematici. La Slesia negli occhi di Dinamica demografica nell’isola di Rab
un viaggiatore tedesco (uno studio di caso) dalla metà del XIX secolo ad oggi
Ti problematični Slovani. Šlezija v očeh Population Dynamics on Rab Island from
germanskega potnika (analiza primera) mid-19th Century to the present
ANNALES · Ser. hist. sociol. · 27 · 2017 · 1
Anali za istrske in mediteranske študije - Annali di Studi istriani e mediterranei - Annals for Istrian and Mediterranean Studies
Darko Likar: An Architectural and Urban-planning POLEMIKA / POLEMICA / POLEMIC
Perspective on Cultivated Terraces
in Northern Istria ..................................................... 131 Stanko Flego, Lidija Rupel & Matej Župančič:
Terrazzamenti coltivati dell’Istria settentrionale Considerazioni su alcune cavità indagate
in una prospettiva architettonica e urbanistica da Raffaello Battaglia sul Carso
Arhitekturno-urbanistični pogled na kulturne triestino (discussione) ............................................. 207
terase na območju severne Istre
OCENE / RECENSIONI / REVIEWS
Tanja Plešivčnik: Pomen estetskega doživljanja
v skrbi za okolje .................................................... 147 Slaven Bertoša):
L‘importanza della visione estetica nella cura Migracije prema Puli. Primjer austrijske Istre
per l‘ambiente u novom vijeku (Dean Krmac) ............................... 209
Aesthetic Experience of the Environment
and its Importance in Care for the Environment Christopher Duggan:
Fascist Voices. An Intimate History
Mirela Müller: Educational Standards in the of Mussolini`s Italy (Matic Batič) ........................... 210
School Curriculum and the Role of the Mass Media.
The Case of Croatia ..................... ......................... 159 Elvis Orbanić:
Standard educativi nel curriculum scolastico Ignazio Gaetano de Buset: Visita spirituale del 1788
e il ruolo dei mass media. Il caso Croato in Istria / Ignacije Kajetan Buzetski: Duhovna
Izobraževalni standardi v šolskem učnem načrtu vizitacija iz 1788. godine u Istri (Ana Jenko) ........... 212
in vloga množičnih medijev. Primer Hrvaške
Salvator Žitko:
Aleksander Janeš, Roberto Biloslavo & Armand Avstrijsko Primorje v vrtincu nacionalnih,
Faganel: Sustainable Business Model: a Case političnih in ideoloških nasprotij v času ustavne
Study of Fonda.si ................................................... 175 dobe (1861–1914) (Branko Marušič) ...................... 214
Modello di business sostenibile: Il caso
di studio Fonda.si IN MEMORIAM
Model trajnostnega poslovanja: Študija
primera Fonda.si Darko Likar (1952–2017) (Ljubo Lah) .................... 218
Nada Poropat Jeletić: Italofona dijasistemska Kazalo k slikam na ovitku ...................................... 210
raslojenost u hrvatskoj Istri: jezični Indice delle foto di copertina ................................. 210
i komunikcijski status, korpus i prestiž ................... 191 Index to images on the cover ................................. 210
Stratificazione del diasistema italofono nell‘Istria
croata: status, corpus e prestigio linguistico Navodila avtorjem ................................................ 221
e comunicativo Istruzioni per gli autori .......................................... 223
Italophone Diasystem Stratification in the Instructions to authors ........................................... 225
Croatian Istria: Linguistic and Communicative
Status, Corpus and Prestige
ANNALES · Ser. hist. sociol. · 27 · 2017 · 1
review article DOI 10.19233/ASHS.2017.01
received: 2016-02-24
TECHNOLOGICAL ADVANCEMENT THROUGH CHARACTER DESIGN:
DARTH VADER AS CASE STUDY
Adi Bunyamin ZAMZAMIN, Dahlan GHANI, Amir Aarieff AMIR HUSSIN & Mohd Zaky KHAIRUDDIN
University Kuala Lumpur, Malaysian Institute of Information Technology, Creative Multimedia Section, 1016, Menara Bandar Wawasan,
Jalan Sultan Ismail, PO 50250 Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
e-mail: [email protected]
ABSTRACT
The importance of character design in fi lms and other media may have an indirect impact on future concept
arts, ideas and technological advancement. Based on a story, a conceptual artist would create many, even hundreds
of different designs before reaching the fi nal product of characters, environments, vehicles, creatures and more.
From these fi nal works we get iconic fi gures, futuristic weapons and new worlds on the big screen that serve our
entertainment purposes and hint at what the future might hold. The purpose of this paper is to bridge the idea on
how conceptual art can have an impact on science, our everyday lives and even the entire world. By analysing Darth
Vader in Star Wars fi lms as the core subject, one of the most iconic villains in the history of cinema, the research
will focus on the pre-production process, and how his fi nal design can be infl uential to advanced technological
research on prosthetic limbs, breathing apparatus and more. The process of concept art as well as the understanding
of Character Archetypes will also be presented. Other well-known characters from three different platforms (fi lm,
computer games and animation) will be used as comparisons to Darth Vader in terms of similarity regarding his type
of injuries and the modifi cations made to their bodies that could one day become an invention and thus again relate
to the importance of character design.
Keywords: Character Design, Concept Arts, Darth Vader, Technology, Character Archetypes
LO SVILUPPO TECNOLOGICO TRAMITE IL DESIGN DEI PERSONAGGI:
DARTH VADER COME CASE STUDY
SINTESI
L’importanza della creazione di personaggi in fi lm e altri media potrebbe avere un impatto indiretto sul futu-
ro dell’arte concettuale, le idee e il progresso tecnologico. Basando sulla storia l’artista concettuale crea molti,
addirittura centinaia di diversi prototipi, prima che riesca a creare un prodotto fi nale, vale a dire un personaggio
cinematografi co, un’ambiente, veicolo, altre creature etc. Essi poi diventano personaggi di culto, armi futuristiche e
nuovi mondi, che rappresentano un divertimento sul grande schermo e un accenno di ciò che porterà il futuro. Lo
scopo di questo studio è di accennare l’idea che l’arte concettuale può avere un impatto sulla scienza, sulla nostra
vita quotidiana e il mondo in generale. Con l’analisi di Darth Vader dalla saga cinematografi ca Star Wars, uno dei
più famosi antagonisti nella storia cinematografi ca, lo studio si concentra sul processo di pre-produzione e di come
il progetto defi nitivo del prodotto può infl uenzare sul progresso della ricerca tecnologica nel campo delle membra
prostetiche, apparecchi di respirazione etc. Sarà inoltre presentato il processo della nascita dell’arte concettuale e
la comprensione degli archetipi dei personaggi. Presenteremo altri personaggi noti provenienti da tre diversi media
(fi lm, giochi di computer e animazioni), comparandoli con Darth Vader dal punto di vista della somiglianza delle
loro ferite e le modifi che sui loro corpi, che un giorno potrebbero diventare una vera invenzione. Proprio per questo
esse si legano direttamente all’importanza della creazione di personaggi cinematografi ci e altri.
Parole chiave: design dei personaggi, arte concettuale, Darth Vader, tecnologia, archetipi di personaggi
1
ANNALES · Ser. hist. sociol. · 27 · 2017 · 1
Adi Bunyamin ZAMZAMIN et al.: TECHNOLOGICAL ADVANCEMENT THROUGH CHARACTER DESIGN: DARTH VADER AS CASE STUDY, 1–10
INTRODUCTION the civilization throughout the universe help them con-
ceive characters that will live beyond the fi lm and will
The importance of character design in fi lms and other be idolized by many. Character design is one of the key
media may have an indirect impact on future concepts, elements in fi lm making, whether it is live-action or an
ideas and technological advancement. Many sci-fi fi lms, animation. Sketching is a functional tool in achieving
games and animations feature characters that stem from a design. Designer’s creativity and imagination blend
ideas and concepts based on technologies that do not with the proposed theme results into a good visual
exists in that particular time or ever, from Star Trek’s representation of a fi nal output. Every design starts with
beam transporter to the Star Wars cybernetically engi- an idea, and the successful utilization and combining
neered villain Darth Vader and the cyborg Adam Jansen a whole range of skills with basic knowledge helps to
from the Deus-Ex game. They all inspired a developed achieve a high-quality image. Sajjad and others stated
camera eye that is fully functional by the user (Spence, that: “Character design is an art that relies heavily on a
2011). Darth Vader’s character design might prove particular subject with the combination of basic shapes
helpful in future research on life supports and other and colours” (Sajjad, 2012, 345).
biomechanical prosthetic limbs for injuries that could According to Peter Hodges (2011), the importance of
be just as real and could happen to anyone. How was graphically rendered characters has been paramount in
the iconic Darth Vader conceived? It was by none other this new form of entertainment. Peter Hodges continues
than the vision of George Lucas and the creative visuals to mention that a successful animated character, just as
of Ralph McQuarrie (Kaminski, 2007). a successful actor, can be used to sell products, con-
In 1977, in San Francisco, California, an idea was born cepts, information etc. A simple graphic representation
that would explode into a culture that attracts millions becomes instantly recognizable, appealing, emotionally
of fans, gains billions of dollars from movie screenings, accessible and engaging. Thus the importance of concep-
merchandises and toys; and for some represents a way tualizing characters to create who these characters are
of life: the epic space opera called Star Wars (Kaminski, in accordance to the story and how they adhere to the
2008). Star Wars is a grand romanticized story, which technologies and the world they live in (Hodges, 2011).
consists of six fi lms that, throughout the two-part trilogy, There are many aspects in character designing, one
preach their ideology on socio-economics and cultural of them being character archetypes. Bryan Tillman
diversity, politics, war, oppression, betrayal, moral val- (2011, 11) mentioned in his book that certain traits are
ues and many more. It has an exquisite storytelling that evident in all characters. The traits called archetypes
intertwines characters through events that were heavily allow us to categorize each of them into certain groups.
infl uenced by past and present cultures and develop- An archetype is considered to be the original mould of
ments of the world. a person, a trait or behaviour that we as humans wish to
Originally, Star Wars was perceived as a swash- copy or emulate.
buckling fairy tale full of humour, adventure and simple Tillman continues that the character archetypes that
mythology, with good guys on one side and bad guys we use today are usually set forth by Carl Gustav Jung. In
on the other. It was a romantic story in its idealized and accordance to Jung, the archetypes are structure-forming
heroic depiction of chivalry and adventure, a perfect elements within the unconscious. These elements give
fusion of old-fashioned storytelling and modern tech- rise to the archetypal images that dominate both the
nology. Nowadays Star Wars became an epic saga fi lled individual fantasy life and the mythologies of an entire
with melodrama and a scope that spans the forty-year culture. Each one of the major structures of personality is
rise and fall of Anakin Skywalker and the plot thickens also an archetype. These structures include the ego, the
with the mere mention of an iconic name: Darth Vader persona, the shadow, the anima (in men), the animus (in
(Kaminski, 2008, 6). women), and the self (Sofi a University, n.d.).
George Lucas, the creator of Star Wars, generally George Lucas may have written Star Wars based on
summarized it as being about Anakin Skywalker’s life, Jason Campbell’s study on thousands of years of mythol-
from his fateful meeting with Qui-Gon Jinn in order to ogy (Kaminski, 2008, 2). It was also noted that Carl Jung
be trained as the chosen Jedi and only later to become was a mentor of sorts to Jason Campbell (Persall, 1999).
the manifestation of evil that is Darth Vader. In an article The very villain that Anakin transforms into becomes the
interview for Total Film Magazine, George Lucas again main antagonist. He was related to as the shadow and
stated that the Star Wars story really is the tragedy of he was none other than Darth Vader himself.
Darth Vader (Agar, 2014).
According to Steve Persall (1999), Anakin is the RELATED WORKS
ultimate hero, and his Darth Vader identity is merely the
low point he endures on the trail of a fi ner elixir. Anakin The iconic science fi ction character Darth Vader’s
completes his hero cycle throughout the six fi lms. The suit and its technological features can be related to other
visual aesthetics play an important part in the fi lms. The similar dominant characters of the genre. Although it is
concepts and research for the worlds they have created, likely that the diversity in the designs and functions of
2
ANNALES · Ser. hist. sociol. · 27 · 2017 · 1
Adi Bunyamin ZAMZAMIN et al.: TECHNOLOGICAL ADVANCEMENT THROUGH CHARACTER DESIGN: DARTH VADER AS CASE STUDY, 1–10
Figure 1: Darth Vader Technological Character Design Figure 2: Robocop’s armour concept and ideas (Source:
(Source: https://comicvine.gamespot.com/images/ http://www.robocoparchive.com/info/blueprint3.jpg)
1300-1896357/)
the characters’ attire would also be related to the story, nounced dead but the scientists were able to save much
the niche of the technological aspect of the designs of of his brain, face and upper body, and used technology
the characters is still within the scope of the topic (Figure to replace what was lost and enhance what was saved.
1). This topic will address related works and examples In a different view, the armour that Murphy was inte-
of characters from available and known science fi ction grated into sustains him, helps to improve him and adds
titles from the different media of entertainment. additional benefi ts to the body, for example computer
The fi rst title that will be discussed is Robocop, out in assisted targeting, stronger mechanical joints and legs as
1987. Alex Murphy, a recently transferred Metro police well as protection of the offi cer’s saved vital organs. Roy
offi cer is caught, tortured and brutally executed by the Cohan from Writeups.org, a community website, stated
villain of the title, Boddicker, and his gang. Pronounced that:
dead, Murphy is selected for a project that involves
combining state-of-the-art technology, armour and Before his cybernetic enhancement, Alex Murphy
weaponry. OCP merged Murphy’s mind with machinery was a skilled police offi cer. His subsequent altera-
to create Robocop, the crime-fi ghting cyborg. Relating tion built on those abilities by providing him with a
to the topic, the main protagonist Alex Murphy was pro- cyborg body with superior strength and durability
3
ANNALES · Ser. hist. sociol. · 27 · 2017 · 1
Adi Bunyamin ZAMZAMIN et al.: TECHNOLOGICAL ADVANCEMENT THROUGH CHARACTER DESIGN: DARTH VADER AS CASE STUDY, 1–10
Vader’s body suit (Figure 1). Figure 2 shows a diagram of
the Robocop’s armour concept and ideas put into design
before the creation of the replica used for the movie.
The second piece that has a similar character devel-
opment and technology features incorporated into the
character is the animation Appleseed, directed by Shinji
Aramaki. The second lead character is Briareos Heca-
tonchires, a soldier who has lost his body in a weapon
explosion. The information on the character and aug-
mentations were found on an independent fan website
Briarios.org (Steve, 2001), where a paragraph indicates
that the elements in terms of damage towards the body
and the technologies integrated into it to support it are
Figure 3: Appleseed: Alpha Technological Features
comparable to Darth Vader’s: Briareos Hecatonchires,
(Source: https://wn.com/appleseed_alpha)
or Bri for short, is a character from Masamune Shirow’s
manga “Appleseed”. He was human until the age of 26
when he was caught in a near fatal explosion. Bri was
(his armour shell is titanium laminated with Kevlar) transferred into an advanced cyborg body with a new
as well as various on-board extras including a “Hecatonchires” operating system, so called because
HUD computer interface, a radio transmitter, and the octopus-like wired brain operating system has an
infrared vision capability (Cohan, 2014). almost limitless number of I/O ports. Briareos was able
to operate 100 separate limbs with his OS, hence the
Indicating enhancement and sustainability of the name “Hecatonchires” (now aren’t you glad I put the
armour on the main character’s body, much like Darth classical version fi rst?). The only parts of him that remain
Figure 4: Deus EX: Human Revolution (https://www.pinterest.com/explore/deus-ex-human/)
4
ANNALES · Ser. hist. sociol. · 27 · 2017 · 1
Adi Bunyamin ZAMZAMIN et al.: TECHNOLOGICAL ADVANCEMENT THROUGH CHARACTER DESIGN: DARTH VADER AS CASE STUDY, 1–10
human are his central nervous system and his memory.
His brain was improved with a processor that generates
information through concepts (not a traditional comput-
er coding).
Figure 3 depicts the fi nalised model used in the ani-
mation Appleseed: Alpha also directed by Shinji Arama-
ki in 2014. The picture gives a visual indication of the
technological features of the character’s head: although
purely fantasized, it is born from conceptual art and
given life and credibility in the form of an animation.
The third one among related works is a character
from a futuristic and science fi ction game entitled Deus
Ex: Human Revolution developed Eidos Montréal. Adam
Jensen is a former special operative and director of secu-
rity in a fantasy bio-tech fi rm that specializes in human
augmentations. After a near fatal accident his entire
body is equipped with cybernetics and technologically
advanced augmentations (Giantbomb, 2013).
The Deus Ex has inspired a documentary on the
technology and concept from the game, as well as the
comparison of the level of augmentations technology
featured in the game versus modern day science and
the level of today’s technologies. The documentary is
entitled Deus Ex: Human Eyeborg (Spence, 2011) is
Figure 5: McQuarrie’s earliest sketch of Darth Vader
hosted by Rob Spence, who lost one of his eyes to a
(Source: http://fd.noneinc.com/secrethistoryofstar-
shotgun accident. His lost eye was replaced by a pros-
warscom/secrethistoryofstarwars.com/visualdeve-
thetic eye featuring a build-in wireless video camera. A
lopmentofdarthvader.html)
quote from the documentary (from 0:29 to 0:46) hints
that Adam Jensen, the main character of the game, has
the same feature as the host: “This is Adam Jensen. The
main character from the video game Deus EX: Human sophisticated villain with a tragic history and injuries.
Revolution [see Figure 4]. He’s also a cyborg, but from In 1977, Ralph McQuarrie began to create conceptual
the year 2027. He’s got a camera eye as well, and some art on how this character would look like while refer-
other high level augmentations” (Spence, 2011). Later in encing from the story drafts given by director George
the documentary, the host compares other features and Lucas. This conceptual art served as a foundation for
concepts portrayed in the game with the level of today’s the technologies and design that would be used before
technology, focusing on human augmentations, such the creation of real life character costume and props.
as prosthetics legs and arms and augmentations related A paragraph extracted from a website discussing the
to brain nerves. Figure 4 depicts the concept art of the visual development of the character relates to the very
main character of the game Adam Jensen, created by Jim fi rst concept conceived.
Murray. It includes his prosthetic arms and body armour. McQuarrie’s earliest sketches (Figure 5) show a man
similar to Valorum or General Vader from the fi rst draft,
CONCEPT ART he is tall and has a fl owing cape. A distinguishing feature
is that the character wears what looks like a kind of futur-
According to James Pickthall (2012), concept art is istic gas mask over his face. McQuarrie explains that it is
a visual representation that aims at and communicates a personal respirator because the character had to cross
ideas and moods for use in fi lms, games, animation and/ through space from the Imperial Star Destroyer to the
or comic books before its fi nal representation is con- rebel cruiser. “Early in the script there was a description
fi rmed. He also mentions that concept art is a key factor of Vader crossing between two ships in space so I creat-
in focusing and narrowing down the artistic vision and ed this mask so he could breathe in space” McQuarrie
rooting out all the problems that could occur further in explains. “George loved it.” (Kaminski, 2007).
the production pipeline. Ultimately, the designs incorporated into the hel-
Its purpose is reducing and minimizing the margin met of Darth Vader were fi nalized as a combination
for error which, as a result, tremendously reduces of a wide-brimmed Japanese Samurai headgear and a
time and production costs. The iconic science fi ction technologically advanced respirator helmet as shown in
character Darth Vader was initially conceptualized as a fi gure 5. The body armour and cape of the character
mere fi ctional army General before he grew into a more were conceptualized and based on the Bedouin warrior
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ANNALES · Ser. hist. sociol. · 27 · 2017 · 1
Adi Bunyamin ZAMZAMIN et al.: TECHNOLOGICAL ADVANCEMENT THROUGH CHARACTER DESIGN: DARTH VADER AS CASE STUDY, 1–10
Figure 6: Cyborg character physical and internal injuries (Source: http://www.theforce.net/swtc/injuries.html)
attire and a selection of comic book villains, such as fi ctional lightsaber, the injuries that the character has
the Marvel Comics Doctor Doom from The Fantastic suffered were caused by armed melee combats with
Four (Marvel 1930) and The Lighting from the Fighting adversaries. As quoted by George Lucas, the director of
Devil Dogs serial. The costume of Darth Vader was Star Wars movies, in an interview with a Time magazine
fi nalized as a technologically advanced space suit and reporter on 25th April 1999, discussing the state of the
a crucial piece of the character himself because without character, “Darth Vader was half machine, half man,
it the human part inside would weaken and parish. Two and that’s where he lost a lot of his humanity. He has
statements from A Secret History of Star Wars (Kaminski, mechanical legs. He has mechanical arms. He’s hooked
2007), a website discussing Star Wars and its iconic up to a breathing machine” (Moyers, 1999).
villain, examine the fi nal outlook of the character’s The major injuries that Darth Vader has suffered
appearance development: can be classifi ed into two types: physical and internal.
During the battle with the Sith Lord Count Dooku, Vader
All of these changes made Vader seem more high- (then Anakin Skywalker of the Jedi Order) lost one of
-tech, more electronic. Finally, one of the more his arms which was later replaced with a cybernetic
obvious facelifts was the fi nish of his costume. In arm that made it possible for him to continue his melee
Star Wars it was a well-worn armoured space suit fi ght in following episodes. The cybernetic arm shown
but now it was a sophisticated life-support devi- in Figure 6 is taken from an information website about
ce, and thus it was made slick and shiny, polished the movie and the skeletal observation strongly suggests
and clean (Kaminski, 2007). that Vader’s left arm is substantially or entirely artifi cial,
at least in the vicinity of the shoulder joint. Much of his
This design was given even more robotic over- left arm was severed when he lost his duel on Mustafar
tones however--the hand-sculpted mask of the in the Star Wars Episode III movie.
original fi lms was remade using a robotic tool to In a battle against the Jedi Knight and Mentor Obi
ensure the mask was perfectly symmetrical. The Wan Kenobi, Vader lost both his legs (replaced later
chest box was now made to be fully integrated with cybernetics) which lead to a near fatal accident
into Vader’s torso, creating a cyborg look (Kamin- when his body ignited due to the extreme heat from
ski, 2007). molten lava. As a result, most of his body was burnt
and scarred. The internal injuries he suffered were also
IN STORY INJURIES AND ENHANCEMENTS intended to be related to his appearance, outside and
inside of the suit. His body armour and helmet are a
In the Star Wars universe, Darth Vader suffers from a cybernetic apparatus that supports his damaged body,
multitude of serious near fatal injuries. As the character mainly due to injuries related to spinal cords and am-
is a warrior that uses melee type weapons, mainly the putated limbs, and provides Vader with the means to
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