Andhra Pradesh Rural Water Supply and Sanitation Project

206 Pages·2009·7.02 MB·English

by  World Bank Group

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Samaj Vikas Development Support Organisation
Hyderabad
[email protected]
Andhra Pradesh Rural Water Supply and Sanitation Project
Environmental Analysis Final Report November 2008
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Table of Contents
1. Introduction .................................................................................................................... 10
1. 1 Background .............................................................................................................. 10
1.2 Andhra Pradesh Rural Water Supply and Sanitation Project .................................. 10
1.2.1 Objectives ..................................................................................................... 1 0
1.3 Scope of the Project ........................................................................................... 11
1.4 Brief profile of Andhra Pradesh ............................................................................... 12
1.4.1 Physiographic Profile .................................................................................... 1 2
1.4.2 Water Resources ............................................................................................. 13
1.5 Environmental Analysis .........................................................................................1. 3
1.5.1 Objective ......................................................................................................1..4
1.6 Methodology ............................................................................................................1 4
1.6.1 Data Collection and Review ........................................................................... 14
1.6.2 Sample Habitations for Pilot Study ..............................................................1 7
1.6.3 Preliminary Site Visits ...................................................................................1. 7
1.6.4 Public Consultations ......................................................................................1. 7
1.7 Organisation of the Report ......................................................................................1. 8
2 . Rural Water Supply and Sanitation in Andhra Pradesh - Policy, Regulatory Framework
and Programme .....................................................................................................................2. 0
2.1 RWSS at National Context ...................................................................................... 20
2.1.1 Sector Reforms Project ..................................................................................2. 1
2.1.2 Swajaladhara .................................................................................................2. 1
2.1.3 Sub - Mission Project (SMP) .........................................................................2 2
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2.1.4 Total sanitation Campaign .............................................................................. 22
2.2 RWSS Coverage in Andhra Pradesh .......................................................................2 3
2.2.1 Drinking Water .............................................................................................2..3
2.2.2 Sanitation .......................................................................................................2. 6
2.3 Regulatory and Policy Framework .........................................................................2.6
2.3.1 The World Bank Safeguard Policies ............................................................3..0
2.4 Sector Institutions ...................................................................................................3. 2
Nodal Institution ...........................................................................................................3. 2
2.4.1 Nodal Institutions ........................................................................................... 33
2.4.2 Converging Departments ................................................................................ 35
2.5 GOAP RWSS Sector Vision ....................................................................................3 6
2.6 Proposed World Bank Assisted Project ..................................................................3. 7
3 . Baseline Environmental Status .....................................................................................3. 9
3.1 Introduction ...........................................................................................................3..9.
3.2 Physical Environmental .........................................................................................3..9
3 2.1 Location .......................................................................................................3..9.
3.2.2 Geomorphology .............................................................................................3. 9
3.2.3 Ecologically Sensitive Areas .........................................................................4. 0
3.2.4 Climate and Rainfall ....................................................................................4...2
3.2.5 Demographic Status ......................................................................................4. 3
3.2.6 Agriculture ......................................................................................................4 5
3.3 Water Resources ......................................................................................................4 7
3.3.1 Surface Water .................................................................................................4 8
3.3.2 Groundwater ..................................................................................................4. 8
3.3.3 Artificial Recharge of Groundwater ...............................................................5 5
3.3.4 Water Quality ................................................................................................5. 6
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Samaj Vikas (~nfos$al~-n al viA:ik~j~)
Andhra Pradesh Rural Water Supply and Sanitation Project
Environmental Analysis .Fi nal Report .N ovember 2008
3.3.5 Surface Water Quality .................................................................................... 56
3.3.6 Ground water Quality ..................................................................................... 57
3.3.7 Current Water Supply and Treatment Practices ............................................. 63
3.3.8 Incidence of Water and Sanitation - Related Diseases .................................. 64
3.4 House Hold and Environmental Sanitation ............................................................. 66
3.4.1 Status of Toilet Construction .......................................................................... 66
4 . Environment Management Framework ............................................. !.. .. ..................... 69
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4.1 Environmental Analysis .......................................................................................... 69
4.2 Key Environmental Issues ....................................................................................... 69
..........................................................................................
4.2.1 Water Availability 69
4.2.2 Water Quality ................................................................................................. 70
4.2.3 Construction Stage Environmental Impacts ................................................... 73
4.3 Objectives of EMF ................................................................................................... 74
4.4 Environmental Management Frame Work .............................................................. 75
4.4.1 Key Elements of the EMF .............................................................................7. 5
4.4.2 Application of EMF to Project .......................................................................7 6
4.4.3 Environmental Supervision and Monitoring .................................................. 77
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4.5 Institutional Arrangements ......................................................................................7 8
4.5.1 Village Level GPWSC and SOs ....................................................................7. 8
4.5.2 Mandal Level ................................................................................................7..9
4.5.3 Disrtict Level .................................................................................................7. 9
4.5.4 State Level ...................................................................................................... 79
4.5.5 Performance Indicators .................................................................................8..1
4.6 Training and Capacity Building .......................................................................... 81
4.6.1 Objectives ......................................................................................................8. 1
4.6.2 Approach ........................................................................................................8 1
4.6.3 Institutions for Training .................................................................................8. 2
4.6.4 Details of Training Programmes ....................................................................8 2
4.6.5 Budget ..........................................................................................................8..4
4.7 Guidelines / Environmental Code of Practices ........................................................8 5
Annexure 1 Terms of Reference for Environmental Analysis ...........................................8 7
Annexure 2: List of Sample Habitations Selected for Field Study ....................................9 4
Annexure 3: Questionnaire for Field Data Collection .......................................................9 5
Annexure 4: Summary Analysis of Data Collected .........................................................1 00
Annexure 5: Issues identified during Village level Public Consultations ....................... 107
Annexure 6: Summary of Public Consultation1 Disclosure Workshops ..........................1 08
Annexure 7: List of projects requiring prior environmental clearance as per EIA
Notification 2006 ............................................................................................................. 113
Annexure 8: Water Quality Monitoring and Surveillance ...............................................1 19
Annexure 9: District Wise- Fluctuation in water level in observation wells between May
2007 and November 2007 .......................................................................................... 124
Annexure 10: Categorisation of Mandals In Andhra Pradesh According To Groundwater
Exploitation As On April 2007 .................................................................................1. 28
Annexure 1 1: Disposal of Reject brine from RO Plant .................................................. 133
Annexure 14: Sanitary Protection of Water Supply Sources ...........................................1 42
Annexure 15: Fluoride Mitigation ................................................................................... 143
Annexure 16: Guidelines for Sustainability of Groundwater Sources ............................. 148
Annexure 17: Selection of Safe Sanitation Technologies and Environmental
Considerations in Location of Toilets .............................................................................. 153
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Samaj Vikas (ijj !'&~~~uA~\:j~~~~)~~)
Andhra Pradesh Rural Water Supply and Sanitation Project
Environmental Analysis .Fi nal Report .N ovember 2008
Annexure 18: Recommended Construction Practice and Pollution Safeguards for Twin Pit
Pour Flush Latrines .................................................................................................. 1 5 6
Annexure 19: Guidelines for Safe Sullage Disposal at Household and Community Levels
.......................................................................................................................................... 159
Annexure 20: Guidelines for Community Solid Waste Management ............................. 163
Annexure 2 1: Formats for Environmental Data Sheets (EDS) ........................................ 168
Annexurc 22: Screening Tool for Categorizing Schemes ................................................ 184
Annexure 23: Internal Supervision of the Completed Schemes ...................................... 186
Annexure 24: External Audit of the Completed Schemes ............................................... 190
Annexure 25: Check list for Environmental Supemision/Audit ...................................... 194
Annexure 26: Sample Field Visit Reports for Internal Supervision / External Audit ..... 200
Annexure 27: Environmental Performance Indicators ..................................................... 201
Annexure 28: Safety Provisions (Building) Convention, 1937 (No . 62) ......................... 202
Annexure 29: Formt for Declaration by Contractor/ Consultant .....................................2 05
Sarnaj Vikas (--f-[lr'i;al~jaj i.ik.~s.org) 4
Andhra Pradesh Rural Water Supply and Sanitation Project
Environmental Analysis .Fi nal Report .N ovember 2008
List of Tables
Table 1-1: The proposed scope of activities ....................................................................... 11
Table 2-1 :Water Supply Coverage Status of the Habitations in different districts (as
on 1.03.2007) ......................................................................................................................... 24
Table 2-2: Scope of Relevant Environment Regulations .................................................. 27
Table 2-3 : World Bank Safeguard Policies ...................................................................... 30
Table 3-1: Wildlife Sanctuaries & National Parks in AP ................................................. 40
Table 3-2: District wise demographic data (census 2001) ................................................ 44
Table 3-3: Different zones and their agro-climatic characteristics ................................. 45
Table 3-4: Water requirement for various sectors ........................................................... 48
Table 3-5: Depth to water level variations in different districts (as observed in October
2007) ...................................................................................................................................... 49
Table 3-6: Categorization of Mandals with reference to Groundwater Exploitation ... 52
Table 3-7: Impact of artificial recharge structures on groundwater regime in water
sheds areas ............................................................................................................................ 55
Table 3-8: Mandal wise NSS / Quality affected Habitations (as on APRIL 2007) ....... 58
Table 3-9: Diarrhea incidence in Andhra Pradesh from 1998 to 2002, .......................... 65
Table 3-10: Gastroenteritis incidence in Andhra Pradesh from 1998 to 2002 ............... 65
Table 3-11: District wise number of latrines constructed in AP between 2004 and 2008
................................................................................................................................................6 7
Table 4-1: Additional Water Requirement ........................................................................ 69
Table 4-2: Environmental Management Framework .......................................................7 6
Table 4-3: Institutional Arrangement for Implementation of the EMF ......................... 80
Table 4-4: Number of Training Programs ......................................................................... 84
Table 4-5: Estimated cost of Training ................................................................................8 4
Table 4-6: Budget for Environmental Management ....................................................... 84
Samaj Vikas (Ir j tbcd sr.llrla.~has.c~rw) 5
Andhra Pradesh Rural Water Supply and Sanitation Project
Environmental Analysis .Fi nal Report .N ovember 2008
List of Figures
Figure 1.1. Disrtict Map of Andhra Pradesh .................................................................. 12
Figure 1.2. Methodology Flow Chart ................................................................................. 16
Figure 2.1. Status of Rural Water supply Coverage in Andhra Pradesh (2007) ........... 24
Figure 2.2. Present organization set up of RWSSD .......................................................... 34
Figure 3.1. Map of Wildlife Sanctuaries & National Parks of AP. ................................. 40
Figure 3.2. Rainfall - 1998-99 to 2006-07 ..........................................................................4 2
Figure 3.3. District wise deviation of annual rainfall in the year 2007 from 1997 ........ 43
Figure 3.4. District wise Population Range ....................................................................... 45
Figure 3.5.Water level fluctuation- Decadal mean November (1997-2006) ................... 50
Figure 3.6. District wise status of groundwater development in AP (2004-05) .............. 51
Figure 3.7 :Categorization of mandal based ground water development ....................... 54
Figure 3.8. Type of water quality problems in affected habitations ............................... 59
Figure 3.9. Status of Not safe Source (NSS) habitations .................................................. 60
Figure 3.10. Status of Brackish water habitations as on 2007 ......................................... 61
Figure 3.11. Status of Fluoride water habitations as on April 2007 ............................... 62
Figure 3.12. Gastroenteritis cases in Andhra Pradesh from 1991 - 2002 ...................... 64
Figure 3.13 :Types of sanitation facilities provided for the households .......................... 67
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Samaj Vikas (~jlt.(.;i;gll~ gj\~ikils.or). c
Andhra Pradesh Rural Water Supply and Sanitation Project
Environmental Analysis - Final Report -November 2008
List of Boxes
Box 2-1: Guidelines for environmental safety as per Swajaldhara Projects 22
Box 2-2: Guidelines for Environmental Safety TSC 23
Box 2-3: National Water Policy aspects impacting Rural Water Supply Schemes 27
Box 3-1: Stage of Ground water Development - Terminology and Definitions 52
Box 3-2: Water Quality Classes and Criteria 5 6
Samaj Vikas (111 to:l{s:i~n~l~~l\\ ;x!rs) 7
Andhra Pradesh Rural Water Supply and Sanitation Project
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Environmental Analysis Final Report - November 2008
ABBREVATIONS AND ACRONYMS
ARWSP Accelerated Rural Water Supply Programme
ADD Acute Diarrheal Diseases
AE Assistant Engineer
AEE Assistant Executive Engineer
APRWSSP Andhra Pradesh Rural Water Supply and Sanitation Project
APWALTA Andhra Pradesh Water and Land Tree Act
BCM Billion Cubic Meter
BC Beneficiary Committee
CCDU Community and Capacity Development Unit
CGWB Central Ground Water Board
DDP Desert Development Programme
CRSP Central Rural Sanitation Programme
DPAP Drought Prone Area Programme
DPMC District Programme Management Cell
DPR Detailed Project Report
DRP District Resource Person
DSR Detailed Scheme Report
DSU District Support Unit
DWSM District Water and Sanitation Mission
DWSC District Water and Sanitation Committee
EA Environmental Analysis
EAS Employment Assurance Scheme
EDS Environmental Data Sheet
ECOPs Environmental Codes of Practices
EIA Environmental Impact Assessment
EE Executive Engineer
EMF Environmental Management Framework
FC Fully Covered
GoAP Government of Andhra Pradesh
GP Gram Panchayat
GWD Ground Water Department
IEC Information, Education and Communication
ISL Individual Sanitary Latrines
IHHL Individual Household Latrines
ICR Implementation Completion Report
JGSY Jawahar Gram Samrudhdhi Yojana
JE Junior Engineer
MCM Million Cubic Metre
MoEF Ministry of Environment & Forests
M&E Monitoring and Evaluation
h4NP Minimum Need Programme
MRP Mandal Resource Person
MTP Medium Term Program
MVS Multi Village Scheme
NSS Not Safe Sources
NGO Non Governmental Organization
OD Operational Directive
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Samaj Vikas (mf~$(>;~~r~aj\-~h~:~,!,~g)
Andhra Pradesh Rural Water Supply and Sanitation Project
Environmental Analysis - Final Report -November 2008
NRCP National River Conservation Programme
OHT Over Head Tank
O&M Operation and Maintenance
PC Partially Covered
PCs Production Centres
PIP Project Implementation Plan
PRED Panchayat Raj Engineering Department
PRI Panchayat Raj Institution
PSU Project Support Unit
PWC Price Waterhouse Coopers
RO Reverse Osmosis
RSF Rapid Sand Filter
RSM Rural Sanitary Mart
RWSS Rural Water Supply and Sanitation
RWSM Rural Water and Sanitation Mission
RWSSD Rural Water Supply and Sanitation Department
SA Support Agency
SEA Sector Environmental Assessment
SHP Sanitation Hygiene Promotion
SMP Sub Mission Project
SLC Scheme Level Committee
SLWM Solid and Liquid Waste Management
SMSC State Management Support Consultant
SPCB State Pollution Control Board
SRP Sector Reform Project
SSF Slow Sand Filtration
SWAP Sector Wide Approach
SSHE School Sanitation and Hygiene Education
SWSM State Water Supply and Sanitation Mission
sos Support Organizations
SEA Sector Environmental Analysis
svs
Single Village Scheme
TOR Terms of Reference
TSC Total Sanitation Campaign
TPPF Twin Pit Pour Flush
UGD Under Ground Drainage
VWSC Village Water Supply and Sanitation Committee
WB World Bank
UNDP United Nations Development Programme
UNESCO United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization
UNICEF United Nations Children's Fund
Samaj Vikas ("oG<.:;1m~!i~:11.i1_y~gz) 9
Andhra Pradesh Rural Water Supply and Sanitation Project
Environmental Analysis - Final Report -November 2008
1. Introduction
1.1 Background
Government of Andhra Pradesh (GOAP) formulated its Rural Water Supply and Sanitation
(RWSS) Sector vision and policy in 2006. Key features of the Vision are:
Transfer of responsibility for planning, design and construction of the RWSS
infrastructure and for operating the RWSS services to the Panchayat Raj
Institutions (PRIs) and Communities; and
Evolution of the role of Rural Water Supply and Sanitation Department
(RWSSD-nodal agency) into that of a provider of technical assistance to the
PRIs.
Similarly, key features of the policy are:
Devolution of funds, functions and functionaries to the Panchayat Raj
Institutions (PRIs);
Enforcement of full recovery of Operation and Maintenance (O&M) cost and
sharing of capital cost (taking into consideration affordability, particularly by
disadvantaged groups); and
Improvement of the 'accountability framework' by clarifying roles and
responsibilities of various actors of the RWSS sector at the state, district and
village level, including responsibilities for policy formulation, financing,
regulation, construction, operations and maintenance.
1.2 Andhra Pradesh Rural Water Supply and Sanitation Project
Towards realizing the sector vision, GOAP is currently preparing a Rural Water Supply and
Sanitation Program (APRWSSP) with financial assistance from the World Bank. The
project forms a part of the RWSS sector investment program and implementation action
plan Medium Term Program (MTP). This MTP would serve as a financial action plan for
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channeling investments and other resources for integrated rural water supply and sanitation
development in the state during the program period.
1.2.1 Objectives
Key objective of APRWSSP is to increase rural communities' access to reliable, sustainable
and affordable Rural Water Supply and Sanitation (RWSS) services. The main objectives
for the proposed APRWSS Project are:
To improve the quality and quantity of rural water supply including environmental
sanitation, service delivery, household sanitation and hygiene;
To achieve sustainability of investments and generate health and hygiene and income
benefits in the rural Andhra Pradesh;
To assist the state in creating an enabling environment statewide for implementation of
appropriate sector policy and institutional reforms; and,
Samaj Vikas ( i n ~ ~ s ~ ~ ~ ~ ; ~ ~ ~ k : ~ ~ ~ g ~ y ) 10