Table Of ContentAnalysis on the Ideographic Characteristics
of Some English Morphemes
Analysis on the Ideographic Characteristics
of Some English Morphemes
By
Gao-ming Zhang and Hong Yang
Analysis on the Ideographic Characteristics of Some English Morphemes,
by Gao-ming Zhang and Hong Yang
This book first published 2014
Cambridge Scholars Publishing
12 Back Chapman Street, Newcastle upon Tyne, NE6 2XX, UK
British Library Cataloguing in Publication Data
A catalogue record for this book is available from the British Library
Copyright © 2014 by Gao-ming Zhang, Hong Yang
All rights for this book reserved. No part of this book may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system,
or transmitted, in any form or by any means, electronic, mechanical, photocopying, recording or
otherwise, without the prior permission of the copyright owner.
ISBN (10): 1-4438-6533-8, ISBN (13): 978-1-4438-6533-3
TABLE OF CONTENTS
Preface ......................................................................................................... x
Part I: Methodology
Chapter One ................................................................................................. 2
Introduction to Back-tracing Method
go, ago, mobilis, movere, launch, sauna, alter, trite, leach, bleach, age,
corpse, aero-, freeze, life, trans-, crop, bridge, boat, spill, solis, sun,
summer, sweat, bold, brave, doughty, drought, valiant, courage, awe, fright,
truculent, brute, cruel, savage, father, padre, pater, patri-, vater, vader
Chapter Two .............................................................................................. 27
The Root Ideas of English Letters
limb, part, mass, piece, stag, sag, hand, hackles, half, haze, hit, hitch, ann,
pedi-, body, quaff, aqu, Jew, jump, zigzag
Part II: Ideographic Characteristics Analysis
Chapter Three ............................................................................................ 60
Morphemes beginning with ch-
chafe, chaff, chagrin, champ, chance, channel, chap, char, charge,
charitable, chariot, chase(2), chasm, chatter, cheek, cheer, chest, chew,
chin, finch, chick, chill, chink, chip, chisel, choke, chop, choppy, Christ,
chroma, chronos, chunk, churl
Chapter Four .............................................................................................. 74
Morphemes beginning with qu
quadr(i)-, four, quaff, quagmire, quail, quake, quality, quarantine,
quarry(2), quash, quaver, quay, queasy, queen/cw(cid:413)n, quell/cwellan, queue,
quill, quintessence, five; squabble, squash, squall(2), squat, nudge, squawk,
squeak, squeeze, squelch, squirrel; aqu, bouquet, equality, parity, frequent,
liquid, opaque
vi Table of Contents
Chapter Five .............................................................................................. 88
Morphemes beginning with sh-
shabby, shade, shaggy, shale, shallow, shame, shanty(2), shape, shard,
share, sharp, shatter, shave, shawl, she, shear, sheen, sheep, shell, shimmer,
shine, shingle, ship, shit, shoal, shock, shore, shout, shrewd, shrill, shrink,
shrivel, shuck, shut
Chapter Six .............................................................................................. 100
Morphemes beginning with th- and wh-
than, thaw, the(o)-, god, therm(o)-/thermos, therapy, thorn, thrash, thread,
thresh, three, thrill, through, throw, thump; whale, wharf, wheedle, wheeze,
whelp, wolf, howl, wail, whine, whet, whiff, whim, whip, whirr, whisper,
whittle, whoop
Chapter Seven ...........................................................................................113
Morphemes beginning with a-
ache, do, actus/ago, agog, agr(o)-, ancestor, anchor, anger, -ant, ante-,
antler, anus, arch/archy, arid(2), ardour, arm
Chapter Eight ........................................................................................... 120
Morphemes beginning with b-
baby, back, bail, bake, bale, bang, bank, bare, barn, bawl; beach, bear, beat,
beauty, bed, bend, ebb, belch, begin, start, bellow; bi-, bio-, big, bill,
billow; black, blaze, blanch, blare, bleach, bleary, blight, blind, blithe, blob,
blood, bloom, blossom, flower, blotch, blow, blubber, blue, blurt, blush;
bob, boil, bomb, boot, bottle, boulder, bounce, boy; branch, brand, charm,
breach, break, breast, breathe, breed, bright, brim, bristle, broach, brood,
brother, bruise, brush; bubble, bud, budge, bugle, bulb, bumble, bump,
bunch, buoy, burrow, burn
Chapter Nine ............................................................................................ 147
Morphemes beginning with c-
cabbage, cabin, cable, cadere/casus, cackle, cage, canal(2), cardi(o)-,
cordis, cascade, catheter; clack, clad, clam, clamp, clash, cleave, clench,
clever, cliché, clinch, cloak, cloche, clump(2); crack, cradle, craft, crag,
crash, crave, craven, creep, credo, cult, faith, trust, crinkle, cripple, crisp,
crocodile, crumble, crumple, crunch, crush; cobble, cold, cower, cuddle,
cull, cup, cure, cut
Analysis on the Ideographic Characteristics of Some English Morphemes vii
Chapter Ten ............................................................................................. 164
Morphemes beginning with d-
dab, damp, dapple, dare, dark, darn, dash, daub, daunt, dawn, day, daze;
die(2), dict, dig, dign, dip, dis-, disease; donate, doom, dormant, dour,
douse, down; dream, dregs, drench, dribble, drink, drool, drown, dry; duct,
dumb, dump, dung, dusk, dwell
Chapter Eleven ........................................................................................ 176
Morphemes beginning with f-
fable, fact, fade, fall, family, fancy, fang, farrow, fate, fatigue, favour; fear,
feather, feed, few, fever; fillet, fire, firm, fish; flag(2), flail, flair, flake,
flame, flare, flash, flaw, fledged, fleece, flicker, flight, flimsy, fling, float,
floe, flood, flotsam, flour, flue, flute; fog, food, force, forge, form, forte;
frail, frank, frantic, fraternal, fraud, freckle, fraught(2), fret, frigid, front;
fuel, fume, fur, fury
Chapter Twelve ........................................................................................ 195
Morphemes beginning with g-
gabble, gag, gale, gargle, gash, gasp, gaunt; ghost, giant; glacier, glade,
glamour, glass, glare(2), gleam, glide, glimmer, glimpse, gloss, glow;
goad, goggle, gold, gossamer, gorge(2), gossip, gouge, gourmand; grab,
grape, grapple, grasp, grass, grease, green, grief, grim, grime, grin, grip,
grope, grouch, group, grove, grovel, crawl, grub, grudge, grueling,
grumble; guess, guide, guile, gulf, gullet, gully, gulp
Chapter Thirteen ...................................................................................... 213
Morphemes beginning with h-
haem(o)-, hair, hang, harass, harm, harness, harrow, harvest; healthy, heart,
heed, heir, her, hero; hide(2), hind, hive; hobble, hold, hole, hoop, hop,
horn, hostile, hotel, house; huddle, huge, hull, human, hump, hunch,
hunger, hunt, hurt
Chapter Fourteen ..................................................................................... 225
Morphemes beginning with m-
maim, male, mandate, mane, mangle, mantle, mar, marble, march, margin,
marrow, marsh, mash, maul; meander, wander, memory, mental, merit,
merry, meteor; migrate, mild, militant, mime, mind, mine, mirage, mirth;
moat, mon(o)-, mole(2), mood, morass, mould, moult, mouth; much, mud,
mug, mull, multi-, mumble, murk, must, mute, mutilate, mutter
viii Table of Contents
Chapter Fifteen ........................................................................................ 240
Morphemes beginning with o-
oaf, oasis, obedient, obiit, obstetrics, ocean, off, officer, old, one, uni-,
open, oral, orb, ordain, ordure, order(2), orth(o)-, true, osmosis
Chapter Sixteen ....................................................................................... 247
Morphemes beginning with p-
pack, pad, pale(2), palm, parry, pan, pan-, parch, pare, parent, path(o)-, -
pathy; pebble, peddle, peek, peel, peep(2), peg, pellucid, perch; pile(2),
pimple, pipe; place, plait, plane, plant, plebeian, plight, plod, plot, plough,
pluck, plumage, plumb, plunge; pod, poke, pole, polish, pop, pot, pore(2),
pound, pour, power; prawn, pre-, preach, press, prick, prod; public, puddle,
puff, pullet, pulp, pulverize, pummel, pump, puree, purge
Chapter Seventeen ................................................................................... 268
Morphemes beginning with r-
radio-, ray, raft, rage, raid, rain, ramble, ranch, rapids, rapine, rasp, ravage,
raze; riddle, rigid, ripple, river; roar, roast; rub, rubble, gravel, ruddy, rude,
ruler, rugged(2), rupt, ruthless
Chapter Eighteen ..................................................................................... 278
Morphemes beginning with s- (I)
sacr, sanct, sad, saliva, sand, sash, savior, say; scab, scale, scalp, scorch,
scour(2), scowl, scrabble, scramble, scratch, scree, screed, scud, scull,
scum, scupper; seam, sear, sedge, see, seed, seem, seep, self-; sieve, silver,
singe, sip; slab, slag, slat, slaughter, slaver, sledge, sleek, sleep, sleet, slew,
slice, slobber, slop; small, smash, smear, smile, smoke, smother, smudge;
soak, sob, soft, soil, solar, solder, solid, soul
Chapter Nineteen ..................................................................................... 298
Morphemes beginning with s- (II)
space, spark, spawn, spear, speech, speed, sperm, spider, spirit, spiratum,
spirare, spit, splice, split, splotch, splutter, spool, spout, spurt, spring(3);
stab, stack, stadium, staid, satin, stake, stalk, stammer, stamp, staunch, star,
stare, stark, stellar, steak, stench, step, sterile, stew, stick, stifle, stitch,
store, story, stout, straddle, straight, strait, straw, stream, stretch, strive;
stubble, stuff, stumble, stump(2), stupid; sub-, super-, supple, sure; swab,
swaddle, swamp, swarthy, sweep, swill, swoop
Analysis on the Ideographic Characteristics of Some English Morphemes ix
Chapter Twenty ........................................................................................ 321
Morphemes beginning with u-/v-
ultimate, ululate, up, utter; vadere/vas, valley, valve, vase, vat; veer,
vegetation, veld, vent, verity, verve; vibrate, view, vigour, vile, virtue,
vitiate, vivid; voice, volcano, volley, voluble, vomit, voyage
Chapter Twenty One ................................................................................ 330
Morphemes beginning with w-
wad, wade, waft, wag, wan, warble, warm, warp, wash, waste, watch,
wave; weak, weal, weary, web, weather(2), wedge, gobble, weed, weep,
wet; wild(2), willow, winch, window, wing, wink, wipe, wise, withy;
wobble, wool, work, wound; wraith, wrap, wrath, wreath, wreck, wrench,
wring, wrinkle
