Analysis of hyperspectral data using polarimetric characteristics

92 Pages·3.9 MB·en_US

by  Petri, David Scott.

NAVAL POSTGRADUATE SCHOOL
MONTEREY, CALIFORNIA
THESIS
ANALYSIS OF HYPERSPECTRAL DATA USING
POLARIMETRIC CHARACTERISTICS
by
David Scott Petri
December, 1996
Thesis Advisor. D. D. Cleary
Co-Advisor: R. C. Olsen
Thesis
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December 1996 Master's Thesis
ANALYSIS OFHYPERSPECTRALDATAUSINGPOLARIMETRIC FUNDINGNUMBERS
5.
CHARACTERISTICS
AUTHOR(S)
DavidScott Petri
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13. ABSTRACT (maximum 200words)
The utility ofpolarimetric reflectance characteristics oftargets and background surfaces in the
A
analysis ofhyperspectral imagery data is investigated. technique is proposed for filtering a data
hypercube ofan imaged scene to select targets for subsequent analysis using standard hyperspectral
signature matching techniques, thereby reducing image analysis time. An experimental study to
measure polarization characteristics ofreflected light from various surfaces in order to determine
wavelengths for maximum and minimum intensity differences between polarized reflectance values is
proposed. A second study is outlined for collection ofsimulated hyperspectral imagery that would
A
attempt to validate the proposed filtering technique. research ofpast studies indicate that useful
polarization signature components are present for many targets and target materials. Additionally,
backgrounds composed ofgrass, trees, dirt and clouds generate very little polarized components
making detection oftargets using polarization signatures feasible.
14. subjectTERMS: Hyperspectral, Polarimetric, Remote Sensing, Imagery, 15. NUMBEROF
PAGES
88
Target Detection, Support to Military Operations
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Approved for public release; distribution is unlimited.
ANALYSIS OF HYPERSPECTRAL DATA USING POLARIMETRIC
CHARACTERISTICS
David Scott Petri
Commander, United States Navy
B.S., United States Naval Academy, 1980
Submitted in partial fulfillment
ofthe requirements for the degree of
MASTER OF SCIENCE IN SYSTEMS TECHNOLOGY
(SPACE SYSTEMS OPERATIONS)
from the
NAVAL POSTGRADUATE SCHOOL
December 1996

DUDLEYKNOXLIBRARY
NAVAL POSTGRADUATE SCHOOL
MONTEREY CA 93943-5101
ABSTRACT
The utility ofpolarimetric reflectance characteristics oftargets and background
surfaces in the analysis ofhyperspectral imagery data is investigated. A technique is
proposed for filtering a data hypercube ofan imaged scene to select targets for
subsequent analysis using standard hyperspectral signature matching techniques, thereby
reducing image analysis time. An experimental study to measure polarization
characteristics ofreflected light from various surfaces in order to determine wavelengths
for maximum and minimum intensity differences between polarized reflectance values is
A
proposed. second study is outlined for collection ofsimulated hyperspectral imagery
that would attempt to validate the proposed filtering technique. A research ofpast
studies indicate that useful polarization signature components are present for many
targets and target materials. Additionally, backgrounds composed ofgrass, trees, dirt and
clouds generate very little polarized components making detection oftargets using
polarization signatures feasible.
VI
....
TABLE OF CONTENTS
INTRODUCTION
I. 1
BACKGROUND
A.
1
B. THESIS OBJECTIVES .' 2
C. THESIS OUTLINE 3
REMOTE SENSING
II. 5
A. FUNDAMENTALS OF REMOTE SENSING 5
1 Reflective and Emissive Bands 6
2. Interaction ofLight with Objects 7
3. Sources ofSpectral Variation 8
4. Spectral Reflectance II
5. Reflection ofLight 15
SPECTRAL IMAGING
B. 16
1 Hyperspectral Imaging 18
2. Basic Hyperspectral Imager Designs 20
C. MILITARY AND NATIONAL SECURITY INVOLVEMENT IN
HYPERSPECTRAL SENSORS 23
1 Description ofSelected DoD Related Sensor Programs 23
HYMSMO
a. Program 23
b. HRIS Program 25
SEBASS Program 25
c.
d. Warfighter-1 Program 25
2. Tactical Employment Challenges ofthe Warfighter-1 27
POLARIZATION 29
III.
A. POLARIZATION STATE OF AN ELECTROMAGNETIC WAVE ... 29
1 Linear Polarization 31
2. Circular Polarization 33
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3. Elliptical Polarization 34
B. POLARIZATION STATE OF LIGHT 35
C. SOURCES OF POLARIZATION 38
1 Fresnel Equations 39
2. Reflection from a Non-conducting Material 43
3. Reflection from a Conducting Material 47
4. Selective Absorption 50
D. REVIEW OF POLARIZATION DETECTION STUDIES 51
1 Polarization Characterization for Target Surfaces 51
2. Midwave Infrared Polarization 52
3. Polarimetric Analysis ofHyperspectral Data in the Visible
Spectrum 58
PROPOSED APPLICATION OF POLARIMETRIC DATA TO
IV.
HYPERSPECTRAL IMAGERY ANALYSIS 59
A. DESCRIPTION OF ANALYSIS TECHNIQUE 59
B. EXPERIMENT DESIGN 64
1. Spectral Variation ofPolarization 64
a. Instrumentation 64
b. Data Collection 67
c. Data Analysis 69
2. Polarized Hyperspectral Imagery 69
a. Instrumentation 70
b. Data Collection 71
c. Data Analysis 73
SUMMARY AND RECOMMENDATIONS
V. 75
SUMMARY
A. 75
•
RECOMMENDATIONS
B. 76
LIST OF REFERENCES 77
INITIAL DISTRIBUTION LIST 79
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