Alzheimer’s Disease. Epidemiology, Neuropathology, Neurochemistry, and Clinics

560 Pages·1990·13.38 MB·English

by  Dr. R. J. Wurtman (auth.)

KEY TOPICS
IN BRAIN
RESEARCH
Edited by A. Carlsson, P. Riederer,
H. Beckmann, T. Nagatsu,
and S. Gershon
K. Maurer, P. Riederer, and H. Beckmann (eds.)
Alzheimer's Disease.
Epidemiology,
Neuropathology,
Neurochemistry, and Clinics
Springer-Verlag Wien GmbH
Praf. Dr. Konrad Maurer
Prof. Dr. Peter Riederer
Prof. Dr. Helmut Beckmann
Department of Psychiatry, University of Wurzburg, Wurzburg,
Federal Republic of Germany
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© 1990 by Springer-Verlag Wien
Originally published by Springer-VerlagjWien in 1990
Printed on acid-tree paper
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With 118 Figures (9 in color)
ISSN 0934-1420
ISBN 978-3-211-82197-8 ISBN 978-3-7091-3396-5 (eBook)
DOI 10.1007/978-3-7091-3396-5

Preface
Dementia of Alzheimer type (DAT), multiinfarct dementia (MID)
and dementia occurring in the course of Parkinson's disease (PD +D)
now make up one of the largest categories of chronic diseases in the
elderly. In addition to the burden those illnesses impose on the affected
individuals and their families they consume large socio-economic re
sources. In the light of all the above mentioned features, it seemed to us
that a Symposium on behalf of the 125th Anniversary of Birth of Aloys
Alzheimer was particularly well-suited to help to advance research on
Alzheimer's disease and other dementias. This International Symposium
combined with a Satellite Symposium about "Clinical Aspects of Alz
heimer Dementias" took place in June 1989 in Wiirzburg and has been
organized by the Psychiatric Departments of the Universities of
Wiirzburg and Munich (H. Beckmann, K. Maurer, P. Riederer, H.
Hippius and H. Lauter) and the Department of Pathochemistry and
General Neurochemistry of the University of Heidelberg (S. Hoyer). In
the chapters which follow, thorough reviews of recognized authorities
in the field of dementia are given in the four main fields of epidemiology,
neuropathology, neurochemistry and clinics.
This Symposium and the edition of this book would not have been
possible without the generous support of E. Merck, Darmstadt. In
particular we gratefully acknowledge the efforts undertaken by Mr.
Hernandez-Meyer to organizing this symposium and to publish this
book.
Furthermore we are grateful to the secretarial help by Mrs. Moeslein,
Miss Philipp and Miss Grabner.
Last but not least, we thank Springer-Verlag Wien New York for the
excellent production of this book and the excellent cooperation over the
last months.
August 1990 K. MAuRER, P. RIEDERER, and H. BECKMANN
Contents
Hippius, H.: Aloys Alzheimer XIII
Introduction
Wurtman, R. J: Some philosophical aspects of Alzheimer's discovery: an
American perspective . . . . . . . . . . 3
Carlsson, A.: The aging brain and its disorders . . . . . . . . . . . 7
Epidemiology
Hafner, H.: Epidemiology of Alzheimer's disease . . . . . . . . . . 23
Amaducci, L., Lippi, A.: Descriptive and analytic epidemiology of Alz-
heimer's disease . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 41
Bird, T. D., Hughes, J P., Sumi, S.M., Nochlin, D., Schellenberg, G. D.,
Lampe, T. H., Nemens, E.J: A proposed classification of familial Alzhei-
mer's disease based on analysis of 32 multigeneration pedigrees 51
N europa tho logy
]ellinger, K.: Morphology of Alzheimer's disease and related disorders 61
Brun, A., Gustafson, L., Englund, E.: Morphology of white matter, subcor-
tical, dementia in Alzheimer's disease . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 79
Braak, H., Braak, E.: Morphology of the cerebral cortex in relation to
Alzheimer's dementia . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 85
Heinsen, H., Abel, L., Heckers, S., Heinsen, Y. L., Beckmann, H., Riederer, P.,
Hebenstreit, G.: Quantitative investigations of presenile and senile
changes of the human entorhinal region . . . . . . . . . . . . . 93
Gertz, H.-J, Cervos-Navarro,J: Neuronal plasticity of the septo-hippocam-
pal pathway in patients suffering from dementia of Alzheimer type 99
Flament-Durand,J, Brion,] P.: Morphology of neurofibrillary tangles and
senile plaques . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1O S
Flament, S., Delacourte, A., Dijossez, A.: An in vitro model for the study
of the neurofibrillary degeneration of the Alzheimer type . . . . . . 123
Brion, J-P., Cheetham, M. E., Coleman, M., Dale, G., Gallo, J-M., Hanger,
D.P., Probst, A., Smith, D. C., Anderton, B. H.: Molecular and cellular
changes associated with neurofibrillary tangles and senile plaques 131
Price, D. L., Koo, E. H., Sisodia, S. S., Martin, L.J, Walker, L. C., Kitt,
C. A., Cork, L. C.: Brain abnormalities in aged monkeys: a model
sharing features with Alzheimer's disease . . . . . . . . . . . . . 141
Wisniewski, H. M., Wegiei,J, Morys,j, Bancber, C., Soltysiak, Z., Kim, K. S.:
Aged dogs: an animal model to study beta-protein amyloidogenesis 151
X Contents
Immuncytochemistry
Lassmann, H., Fischer, P., Bancher, C., ]ellinger, K.: Immunocytochemical
and ultrastructural pathology of nerve cells in Alzheimer's disease and
related disorders . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 171
Ransmayr, G., Cervera, P., Hirsch, E., Ruberg, M., Hersh, L. B., Dt!J!ckaerts,
C., Hauw, J-J, Agid, Y.: Choline-acetyltransferase immunoreactivity in
the hippocampal formation of control subjects and patients with Alzhei
mer's disease . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 181
Ichimiya, Y., Arai, H., lizuka, R., Emson, P. C., Mountjoy, C.Q.: Calbindin
immunoreactive neurones in Alzheimer-type dementia . . . . . . . 187
Neurochemistry
Sorbi, S., Mortilla, M., Piacentini, S., Tesco, G., Latorraca, S., Nacmias, B.,
Tonini, S., Amaducci, L.: Lactate production and glycolytic enzymes in
sporadic and familial Alzheimer's disease . . . . . . . . . . . . . 195
Nitsch, R., Mayer, G., Galmbacher, R., Galmbacher, G., Ape!/, V., Hoyer, S.:
Impairment of cerebral glucose metabolism parallels learning and mem-
ory dysfunctions after intracerebral streptozotocin . . . . . . . . . 201
Wurtman, R.J, Ulus, I. H., Blusztqjn,J K., Lopez G.-Coviel/a, 1., Logue, M.,
Mauron, C., Growdon, J H.: Choline levels, the regulation of acetyl
choline and phosphatidylcholine synthesis, and Alzheimer's disease . . 211
Martin, K.J, Widdowson, L.: Acetylcholine synthesis and membrane phos-
pholipids . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 225
Loudon,], Brown, F., Clark, M., Riley, G.: Hippocampal and cardiovascular
effects of muscarinic agents . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 229
Moll, G., Gsell, W., Wichart, I., ]ellinger, K., Riederer, P.: Cholinergic and
monoaminergic neuromediator systems in DAT. Neuropathological and
neurochemical findings . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 235
Chan-Palay, V., Asan, E.: Alterations in catecholamine neurons in the locus
coeruleus in dementias of Alzheimer's and Parkinson's disease . . . . 245
Nagatsu, T., Sawada, M., Hagihara, M., Iwata, N., Arai, H., lizuka, R.:
Tyrosine hydroxylase, tryptophan hydroxylase, biopterin and neopterin
in the brains and biopterin and neopterin in sera from patients with
Alzheimer's disease . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 253
Wachtel, H., Horowski, R., Loschmann, P. A.: Postreceptorial enhancement
of neurotransmission for the treatment of cognitive disorders . . . . 261
Bowen, D. M., Lowe, S. L.: Excitatory dicarboxylic amino acid and pyrami-
dal neurone neurotransmission of the cerebral cortex in Alzheimer's
disease . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 269
de Sauvage, F., Krt!J!S, V., Octave, J N.: The sequence within the two
polyadenylation sites of the A4 amyloid peptide precursor stimulates the
translation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 277
Reynolds, G. P., Mercer, K. G., Warner, C. E.J, Lowe,] S., Mann, D. M.A.:
Alzheimer-like changes of cortical amino acid transmitters in elderly
Down's syndrome . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 283
Contents XI
Hara, C., Ogawa, N., Mitani, A., Masuda, S., Kataoka, K.: Characteristics
of learning deficit induced by ibotenic acid lesion of the frontal cortex in
rats . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 289
Schmidt, W.J: Memory loss by glutamate antagonists: an animal model of
Alzheimer's disease? . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 295
Deckert, J, Morgan, P. F., Jacobson, K. A., Daly, J W., Marangos, P.J:
Convulsant properties of methylxanthines, potential cognitive enhancers
in dementia syndromes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 301
Sofie, E., Fritze, J, Schnaberth, G., Bruck, J, Riederer, P.: Neurodegenera-
tive diseases: CSF amines, lactate and clinical findings . . . . . . . 305
Strittmatter, M., Cramer, H., Reuner, C., Strubel, D., Kuntzmann, F.: So
matostatin-like immunoreactivity and neurotransmitter metabolites in
the cerebrospinal fluid of patients with senile dementia of Alzheimer type
and Parkinson's disease . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 313
Stephani, U., Maurer, K.: Nerve growth factor in serum of patients with
dementia (Alzheimer type) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 323
Lesch, K. P., Ihl, R., Frohlich, L., Rupprecht, R., Muller, U., Schulte, H. M.,
Maurer, K.: Neuroendocrine dysfunction in early-onset Alzheimer's dis-
ease ............................ 329
Dostert, P., Strolin Benedetti, M., Bellotti, V., Dordain, G., Vernay, D.,
Deffond, D.: Urinary excretion of salsolinol enantiomers and 1,2-dehy
drosalsolinol in patients with degenerative dementia . . . . . . . . 335
Clinics
Gottjries, C. G., Blennow, K., Reg/and, B., Wallin, A.: Alzheimer's disease-
one, two or several? . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 343
Gustafson, L., Brun, A., Johansson, A., Risberg, J: Diagnostic criteria of
Alzheimer's disease . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 357
Lauter, H., Kurz, A., Haupt, M., Romero, B., Zimmer, R.: Clinical diagnosis
of Alzheimer's disease: DSM-III-R, ICD-10- what else? . . . . . . 365
Gerstenbrand, F., Birbamer, G., Rainer, J: Clinical aspects and terminology
of dementing syndromes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 373
Danielczyk, W., Fischer, P., Simanyi, M., Gatterer, G., Marterer, A.: Symp
toms of depression in the course of multi-infarct dementia and dementia
of Alzheimer's type . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 379
Reischies, F. M., v. Spief, P., Hedde, J-P.: Cognitive deterioration and
dementia outcome in depression: the search for prognostic factors . . 387
Romero, B., Kurz, A., Haupt, M., Zimmer, R., Lauter, H., Pulvermiiller, F.,
Roth, V. M.: Diagnostic significance of language evaluation in early
stages of Alzheimer's disease . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 393
Selmes van den Bril, J, Selmes Antoine, M.: The Alzheimer patient in the
family context: how to help the family to cope . . . . . . . . . . 401
Stuckstedte, H., Abrahams, C.-M., Ulmar, G.: Towards a clinically specific
profile of severe senile primary degenerative dementia of the Alzheimer
type (PDDAT) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 409
XII Contents
Wetterling, T., Rumpf-Holing, D., Vieregge, P., Borgis, K.-J, De/ius, P., Reger,
K.-H., Kanitz, R., Freyberger, H.-j: Sequential clinical approach to dif
ferential diagnosis of dementia . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 415
Ehrmann, D., Stoeter, P.: Do old patients with Down's syndrome develop
premature brain atrophy? . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 421
Lechner, H., Niederkorn, K., Logar, Ch., Schmidt, R., Fazekas, F., Horner, S.,
Valetitsch, H.: Results of EEG brain mapping and neuroimaging meth
ods in Senile Dementia of Alzheimer's Typ (SDAT) and Vascular Demen-
tia (VD) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 429
Riekkinen, P.j, Riekkinen, P.Jjr., Soininen, H., Reinikainen, K.J, Laulumaa,
V, Partanen, V S.j, Halonen, T., Paijarvi, L.: Regulation of EEG delta
activity by the cholinergic nucleus basalis . . . . . . . . . . . . 437
Streifler, M., Simanyi, M., Fischer, P., Danielczyk, W.: EEG- and cognitive
changes in Alzheimer's disease - a correlative follow-up study 447
Buchsbaum, M.S., Cotman, C., Kesslak, P., Lynch, G., Chui, H., Wu, j,
Sicotte, N., Hazlett, E.: Decreased hippocampal metabolic rate in pa
tients with SDAT assessed by positron emission tomography during
olfactory memory task . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 459
Heiss, W.-D., Szelies, B., Adams, R., Kessler, j, Pawlik, G., Herholz, K.:
PET criteria for diagnosis of Alzheimer's disease and other dementias 473
Tyrrell, P.J, Rossor, M. N., Frackowiak, R. S.j: Oxygen metabolism in the
degenerative dementias . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 489
Adams, R., Kessler, j, Herholz, K., Mackert, A.: Positron emission to
mography for differential diagnosis of dementia: a case of familial de
mentia . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 495
Szelies, B., Wullen, T., Adams, R., Grond, M., Karbe, H., Herholz, K., Heiss,
W.-D.: Comparison between cerebral glucose metabolism and late
evoked potentials in patients with Alzheimer's disease . . . . . . . 501
Risberg, j, Gustafson, L., Brun, A.: High resolution regional cerebral
blood flow measurements in Alzheimer's disease and other dementia
disorders 509
Reisecker, F., Laich, E., Leblhuber, F, Trenkler,j, Deisenhammer, E.: Single
photon emission computed tomography (SPECT) in Pick's disease: two
case reports . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 517
de Leon, M.J, George, A. E., Stylopoulous, L.A., Miller, D. C., Smith, G.:
In vivo studies of hippocampal atrophy in Alzheimer's disease 523
Kanowski, S., Ladurner, G., Maurer, K., Oswald, W. D., Stein, U.: Outline for
the evaluation of nootropic drugs . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 531
Coper, H.: Drug treatment of dementia . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 545
Duka, T., Stephens, D. N., Dorow, R.: Cognitive enhancing properties of
antagonist /3-carbolines: new insights into clinical research on the treat
ment of dementias? . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 555
Knezevic, S., Mubrin, Z., Spilich, G., Vucinic, G., Wannenmacher, W.: Long
term treatment of SDAT patients with pyritinol 565
Subject Index . . . . . 575
Listed in Current Contents