Alcohol, Cell Membranes, and Signal Transduction in Brain

319 Pages·1993·12.27 MB·English

by  Christopher D. Stubbs

Alcohol, Cell Membranes,
and Signal Transduction in
Brain
Alcohol, Cell Membranes,
and Signal Transduction in
Brain
Edited by
Christer Alling
University of Lund
Lund, Sweden
Ivan Diamond
The Ernest Gallo Clinic and Research Center
University of California
San Francisco, California
Steven W. Leslie
The University of Texas at Austin
Austin, Texas
Grace Y. Sun
University of Missouri
Columbia, Missouri
and
W. Gibson Wood
Veterans Affairs Medical Center
and University of Minnesota School of Medicine
Minneapolis, Minnesota
Springer Science+Business Media, LLC
Librar y of Congress Catalog1ng-1n-Publ1catIo n Dat a
Alcohol, cel l membranes, and signa l transductio n i n brai n / edite d by
Chr iste r AI 1ing .. . [et a 1.].
p. cm .
"Proceedings of th e Marcus Wallenberg Symposium on Alcohol , Cel l
Membrane,s and Signal Tansductio n i n Brian, hel d June 28-Jul y 1 ,
1993, 1 n Lund, Sweden"—Copr. p.
Includes bibliographica l reference s and Index .
ISBN 978-1-4613-6052-0 ISBN 978-1-4615-2470-0 (eBook)
DOI 10.1007/978-1-4615-2470-0
1. Alcohol—Physiologica l effect—Congresses . 2 . Brain—Effec t of
drugs on—Congresses . 3 . Neurochem1stry—Congresses. 4 . Cell
membranes—Congresse.s 5 . Cellula r signa l transduction—Congresses .
I. Alling , Christer . II . Marcus Wallenberg Symposium on Alcohol ,
Cell Membranes, and Signal Transductio n 1n Brai n (199 3 : Lund,
Swede)n
QP801.A3A472 199 3
615'. 7828—d c20 93-2359 3
CIP
r93
Proceedings of the Marcus Wallenberg Symposium on Alcohol, Cell Membranes, adn Signal
Transduction in Brain, held June 28-July 1, 1993, in Lund, Sweden
ISBN 978-1-4613-6052-0
©1993 Springer Science+Business Media New York
Originally published by Plenum Press, New York in 1993
Softcover reprint of the hardcover 1st edition 1993
All rights reserved
No part of this book may be reproduced, stored in retrieval system, or transmitted in any form or by any
means, electronic, mechanical, photocopying, microfilming, recording, or otherwise, without written
permission from the Publisher
This book is dedicated to Dora B. Goldstein, M.D., Professor of Pharmacology,
Stanford University School of Medicine, whose pioneering work on how alcohol acts
on brain membranes was a major contribution and stimulus to understanding the
cellular mechanisms involved in intoxication and tolerance.
ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS
This book is based in part on the Marcus Wallenberg Symposium entitled
"Alcohol, Cell Membranes, and Signal Transduction in Brain" held in Lund, Sweden,
June 28 -July 1, 1992. The major sponsor of the symposium was the Marcus Wallenberg
Foundation for International Scientific Exchange. Cosponsors were the National Institute
on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism, USA, and the Swedish Medical Research Council.
Additional support was provided by Bristol-Myers AB, Ciba-Geigy AB, Janssen Pharma
AB, Kabi-Pharmacia Diagnostics Sverige AB, Labdesign AB and Scandinavian Diagnostic
Services. A special note of appreciation is extended to the Local Organizing Committee
(Lena Gustavsson, Christer Larsson, Christofer Lundqvist and F. David Rodriguez) and
the conference secretaries (Helena Elding and Marie Elmer) for their administrative and
technical support that contributed significantly to the overall success of the symposium.
vii
PREFACE
Alcohol abuse and alcoholism are international problems whose costs economical
ly, psychologically and medically have been well documented. Alcohol is a unique
drug in that the effects of excessive use can have a deleterious effect on most if not
all organs of the body. The brain is one of the organs most affected by excessive
alcohol consumption. Effects on the brain can be seen in cognitive function, brain
structure and neurochemistry. Over the past few years, there have been significant
advances made in understanding how alcohol affects brain neurochemistry. This book
examines four major areas, i. e., membrane lipids, receptors and ion channels, second
messengers, and gene expression, where significant advancements have been made.
The book is divided into four sections based on the four major areas. In each
section, data are examined that cover a range of approaches from in vitro to in vivo
studies. The section on membrane lipids includes recent developments in how ethanol
affects membrane cholesterol domains, polyunsaturated fatty acids, the cause and
consequences of phosphatidylethanol formation, and the modulation of membrane
protein function by lipid-protein interaction. The second section comprises chapters
on NMDA and 5-HT3 receptors, including new aspects on alcohol neurotoxicity and
the molecular heterogeneity that may underlie differences in alcohol sensitivity as well
as chapters on GABA-gated chloride flux, and calcium channels. The third section on
second messengers includes chapters on ethanol effects on nucleoside transport and the
induction of heterologous desensitization, G-proteins, phospholipases generating second
messengers, and discussions on the selectivity of ethanol actions at different levels of
the signal transduction. Chapters in the fourth section on gene expression describe the
regulation of neuronal gene transcription by ethanol and the effects of acute and
chronic administration of ethanol on c-jos expression.
Alcohol has a Ubiquitous effect on the neurochemistry of the brain. It is clear
that no single approach or system can explain alcohol-induced phenomena such as
intoxication, tolerance, and dependence. Ethanol seems to be able to induce sequential
ix
effects or parallel effects as well as direct effects on defined molecules in the cellular
machinery. Some systems may be more affected by acute alcohol than others and
chronic effects of alcohol include changes in gene expression.
The organization of the book follows the effects of ethanol from actions on
membrane lipids, ion channels and receptors, followed by effects on signal transduc
tion and intracellular proteins to the regulation of the genes. It is our hope that this
volume will stimulate new ideas and approaches to the understanding of the actions of
such a simple molecule as ethanol on nerve cells and integrated brain function.
Christer Alling
W. Gibson Wood
x
CONTENTS
I. LIPID STRUCTURE, DOMAINS AND PROTEINS
Molecular Mechanisms of Ethanol and Anesthetic Actions: Lipid- and 1
Protein-Based Theories
Christopher D. Stubbs and Emanuel Rubin
Membrane Cholesterol and Ethanol: Domains, Kinetics, and Protein 13
Function
W. Gibson Wood, A. Muralikrishna Rao, Friedheim Schroeder,
and Urule /gbavboa
The Effects of Ethanol on Polyunsaturated Fatty Acid Composition 33
Norman Salem, Jr. and Glenn Ward
Relevant Effects of Dietary Polyunsaturated Fatty Acids on Synaptic 47
Membrane Responses to Ethanol and Chronic Alcohol Intoxication
Franroise J. Beauge
Chronic Ethanol Treatment Increases the Incorporation of [14C]-Serine 55
into Phosphatidylserine in Neuroblastoma x Glioma Cells
F. David Rodriguez, Christer Alling, and Lena Gustavsson
Ethanol-Induced Changes in Signal Transduction via Formation of 63
Phosphatidylethanol
Lena Gustavsson, Christofer Lundqvist, Elisabeth Hansson,
F. David Rodriguez, Per Simonsson, and Christer Alling
Phosphatidylethanol Effects on Inositoll,4,S-Trisphosphate Levels and 75
Protein Kinase C Activity in NGl08-IS Cells
Christofer Lundqvist, Christer Larsson, Christer Alling,
and Lena Gustavsson
Multiple Actions of Ethanol on Acetylcholine Receptors 83
Keith W. Miller
ll. RECEPTORS AND ION CHANNELS
Sensitivity of NMDA Receptors to Acute and in Utero Ethanol Exposure 97
Steven W. Leslie and Melanie S. Weaver
xi
Neurotransmitter-Gated Ion Channels as Molecular Sites of Alcohol Action 107
Forrest F. Weight, Robert W. Peoples, Jerry M. Wright, Chaoying Li,
Luis G. Aguayo, David M. Lovinger, and Geoffrey White
Molecular Mechanisms of Alcohol Neurotoxicity 123
Fulton T. Crews, Hunter Newsom, Mark Gerber, Colin Sumners,
L. Judson Chandler, and Gerhard Freund
Molecular Properties of an NMDA Receptor Complex and Effects of 139
Ethanol on the Expression of this Complex
Elias K. Michaelis, Mary L. Michaelis, and Keshava N. Kumar
In Vivo Studies of Ethanol Interactions with N-Methyl-D-Asparatate 151
Systems in Rat Brain
Lynn C. Roper and Rueben A. Gonzales
Actions of Alcohols and Other Sedative/Hypnotic Compounds on Cation 157
Channels Associated with Glutamate and 5-HT3 Receptors
David M. Lovinger and Robert W. Peoples
Mechanisms That Mediate Ethanol-Induced Increases in Dihydropyridine- 169
Sensitive Calcium Channels
Robert O. Messing
Alcohol: Effects on GABA Receptor Function and Gene Expression 175
A
Molina C. Mhatre and Maharaj K. Ticku
Control of Alcoholism by Treatment with SKV, a Herbal Drug Mixture 185
from India
V. Nachiappan, K.R. Shanmugasundaram, and S.1. Mufti
m.
SECOND MESSENGER SYSTEMS AND KINASES
Nucleoside Transport and Ethanol-Induced Heterologous Desensitization 195
Adrienne Gordon, Mohan K. Sapru, Sharon W. Krauss, and Ivan Diamond
Effects of Acute and Chronic Ethanol Administration on the Poly- 205
Phosphoinositide Signaling Activity in Brain
Grace Y. Sun, Jian-ping Zhang, and Tai-An Lin
Ethanol and Phospholipid Dependent Signal Transduction: The View from 219
the Liver
Jan B. Hoek, Tomoyuki Nomura, and Katsuyoshi Higashi
Phospholipase C coupled G-Proteins: Molecular Targets of Ethanol 235
Per Simonsson, F. David Rodriguez, Christer Larsson, Niklas Loman,
and Christer Alling
Selective Effects of Ethanol on Neuropeptide-Mediated 245
Polyphosphoinositide Hydrolysis and Calcium Mobilization
Thomas L. Smith
xii
The Muscarinic Receptor-Stimulated Phosphoinositide Metabolism as a 255
Potential Target for the Neurotoxicity of Ethanol during Brain
Development
Walter Balduini, Flaminio Cattabeni, Filippo Reno, and Lucio G. Costa
Effects of Ethanol on Receptor-Mediated Phospholipase D Activity in 265
Human Neuroblastoma Cells
Marfa del Carmen Boyano-Adanez and Lena Gustavsson
Ethanol and Cell Tyrosine Kinase 273
Shivendra D. Shukla, Cindy Y. Zhu, Ilsa l. Rovira,
and Archie W. Thurston, Jr.
IV. GENE EXPRESSION
Regulation of Neuronal Gene Transcription by Ethanol 283
Michael F. Miles, Gregory Gayer, and Michael Sganga
Super-Induction of c-jos-like Protein in Bovine Adrenal Chromaffin 299
Cells Associated with Ethanol Withdrawal
Ouahiba Bouchenafa and John Littleton
Effect of Acute and Chronic Administration of Ethanol on c-jos 305
Expression in Brain
Fei Le, Peter Wilce, David Burne, and Brian Shanley
Index 317
xiii