Table Of Content76 Notes on Numerical Fluid Mechanics (NNFM)
Editors
E. H. HirschellMunchen
K. Fujii/Kanagawa
W. Haase/Munchen
B. van Leer/Ann Arbor
M. A. Leschziner/London
M. Pandolfi/Torino
J. Periaux/Paris
A. Rizzi/Stockholm
B. RomclMarseille
Springer-Verlag Berlin Heidelberg GmbH
Aerodynamic
Drag Reduction Technologies
Proceedings of the CEAS/DragNet European Drag
Reduction Conference, 19-21 June 2000, Potsdam,
Germany
Peter Thiede (Editor)
" Springer
Prof. Dr.-Ing. Peter Thiede
EADS Airbus GmbH
28183 Bremen
e-mail: [email protected]
Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data applied for
Aerodynamic Drag reduction technologies: proceedings of the CEAS, DragNet European Drag Reduction Conference
19 - 21 June 2000, Potsdam, Germany I Peter Thiede (ed.). - Berlin; Heidelberg; New York; Barcelona; Hong Kong;
London; Milan; Paris ; Singapore; Tokyo: Springer, 2001
(Notes on numerical fluid mechanics; Vol. 76)
ISSN 0179-9614
ISBN 978-3-642-07541-4 ISBN 978-3-540-45359-8 (eBook)
DOI 10.12007/978-3-540-45359-8
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© Springer-Verlag Berlin Heidelberg 2001
Originally published by Springer-Verlag Berlin Heidelberg in 2001
Softcover reprint of the hardcover 1 st edition 2001
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NNFM Editor Addresses
Prof. Dr. Ernst Heinrich Hirschel Prof. Dr. Maurizio Pandolfi
(General editor) Politecnico di Torino
Herzog-Heinrich-Weg 6 Dipartimento di Ingegneria Aeronautica e
D-85604 Zorneding Spaziale
Germany Corso Duca degli Abruzzi, 24
E-mail: [email protected] 1-10129 Torino
Italy
Prof. Dr. Kozo Fujii E-mail: [email protected]
Space Transportation Research Division
The Institute of Space and Astronautical Science Prof. Dr. Jaques Periaux
3-1-1, Yoshinodai, Sagamihara, Kanagawa, Dassault Aviation
229-8510 78, Quai Marcel Dassault
Japan F-92552 St. Cloud Cedex
E-mail: [email protected] France
E-mail: [email protected]
Dr. Werner Haase
Hohenkirchener Str. 19d Prof. Dr. Arthur Rizzi
D-85662 Hohenbrunn Department of Aeronautics
Germany KTH Royal Institute of Technology
E-mail: [email protected] Teknikringen 8
S-10044 Stockholm
Prof. Dr. Bram van Leer
Sweden
Department of Aerospace Engineering
E-mail: [email protected]
The University of Michigan
Ann Arbor, MI 48109-2140 Dr. Bernard Roux
USA IRPHE-IMT
E-mail: [email protected] Technopole de Chateau-Gombert
F-13451 Marseille Cedex 20
Prof. Dr. Michael A. Leschziner
France
Department of Engineering
E-mail: [email protected]
Queen Mary & Westfield College (QMW)
University of London
Mile End Road
London El 4NS
Great Britain
E-mail: [email protected]
FOREWORD
This volume contains the proceedings of the CEASlDragNet European Drag Reduction
Conference held on 19-21 June 2000 in Potsdam, Germany. This conference, succeeding the
First and Second European Forum on Laminar Flow Technology 1992 and 1996 respectively,
was initiated by the European Drag Reduction Network (DragNet) and organised by DGLR
(Deutsche Gesellschaft fUr Luft- und Raumfahrt - Lilienthal Oberth e.V.) under the auspices
ofCEAS (Confederation of European Aerospace Societies).
The development of aerodynamic drag reduction technologies is driven by predictions of
remarkable fuel savings, promising substantial improvements not only of aircraft efficiency
but also of environmental compatibility. However, considerable efforts on an European scale
are needed in order to develop, qualifY and demonstrate the means for their practical
realisation.
The primary aim of this conference was to provide a comprehensive survey of the current
status of research, development and application in all disciplines of aerodynamic drag re
duction including laminar flow technology, adaptive wing concepts, turbulence and se
paration control, induced drag reduction and supersonic flow aspects. Besides aerodynamic
topics the Call for Papers addressed also interdisciplinary aspects of design & system inte
gration, structures, materials, manufacturing, operations and maintenance. The Programme
Committee (PC), responsible for the scientific preparation of the conference, consisted of
CEAS representatives and DragNet board members (see following page). At the PC meeting
it was decided to limit the conference to two and a half days, to avoid parallel sessions, to
arrange poster sessions and a round table discussion, and to organise a conference exhibition.
Totally, 36 papers including 11 invited lectures as well as 10 posters were selected for
presentation in 12 sessions.
The conference was opened at noon of the first day by representatives of CEAS and the
German Government and by the PC chairman. The first afternoon session entitled The
Challenge of Drag Reduction included three invited papers given by keynote speakers from
the European Commission, industry and the research community. For the second session
Achievements of Technology Demonstration three experts from industry (Germany, France,
UK) were invited. The second day of the conference was devoted to Laminar Flow
Technology, covering sessions on HLF Design & Suction System Integration, HLF
Operational Aspects, Transition Prediction, HLF Experimental Techniques and a poster
session, as well as to Supersonic Flow Control Aspects (one session). The third conference
day addressed Adaptive Wing Concepts, Turbulent Drag Reduction Methods, Separation
Control & Induced Drag Reduction (three paper sessions and a poster session). In addition, a
session on Future Prospects including a round table discussion of representatives from the
European Commission, industry and academia was organised at the last conference day. The
conference was supplemented by an exhibition showing samples of drag reduction devices
and aircraft models equipped with corresponding devices. The poster exhibition was com
pleted by posters of DragNet member projects.
The conference brought together top level authorities from politics and RTD administration
with engineers and scientists from industry and academia working in the field of aerodynamic
drag reduction. It provided an outstanding opportunity to present and discuss the recent
advances achieved in European initiatives (EC and GARTEUR activities), industrial projects
and national programmes.
The review of the manuscripts published in this volume was undertaken by a Review Board
(see following page) consisting of the session chairmen of the conference. Nevertheless, the
authors are signing responsible for the content of their contributions. The manuscripts of most
of the papers (36) and posters (10) presented during the conference are published in this
volume in the same sequence as at the conference. Insofar, this volume gives an account of
the complete conference.
On behalf of the Programme Committee, the editor would like to thank all colleagues for their
efforts they put into the preparation and performance of the conference and exhibition in order
to make them successful as well as into the publication of the conference proceedings. In this
context, the involvement of the DragNet and Review Board members have to be particularly
emphasized. Furthermore, thanks are due to DGLR for the layout and distribution of the
conference announcement and programme, the local organisation of the conference and social
events and for their engagement in the preparation of the conference proceedings. The
performance of the conference and exhibition and the publication of the proceedings would
not have been possible without financial support of the European Commission, which should
be gratefully acknowledged. The editor is also grateful to Prof. E. H. Hirschel, the general
editor of the "Notes on Numerical Fluid Mechanics", and to the Springer Verlag for making
this publication possible.
Bremen, December 2000
The Editor
Peter Thiede
VIII
CONTENTS
Session 1 The Challenge of Drag Reduction ......................................... 1
D. Knorzer
Perspectives for the Future of Aeronautics Research (invited) ............................................ 3
W. Schneider
The Importance of Aerodynamics in the Development of Commercially
Successful Transport Aircraft (invited) ................................................................................ 9
J.-P. Marec
Drag Reduction: A Major Task for Research (invited) ........................................................ 17
Session 2 Achievements of Technology Demonstration ....................... 29
R. Henke
Airbus A320 HLF Fin Flight Tests (invited) ........................................................................ 31
J. Fiton
Lessons Learned from Dassault's Falcon 900 HLF Demonstrator (invited) ........................ 37
B.E. Humphreys, K.-H. Horstmann
Flight Testing of a HLF Wing with Suction, Ice-Protection and Anti-
Contamination Systems ......... .... ......... ....... ............... ........................................................... 39
Session 3 HLF Design & Suction System
Integration ................................................................................................... 53
C. Atkin
New Aerodynamic Approach to Suction System Design ..................................................... 55
H. Bieler, P. Swan
Retrofit Studies based on Airbus A31 0 for HLFC
Application on Aircrafts ..................... .................................................................................. 64
B. Paluch
Light Transmission Control Technique and Correlation with Pressure Loss
Characteristics of Perforated Panels for Hybrid Laminar Flow Applications ...................... 71
R. Messing, M. Kloker
DNS Study of Suction Through Arrays of Holes in a 3-D Boundary-Layer Flow............... 79
Session 4 HLF Operational Aspects ....................................................... 87
B.E. Humphreys, E. J. Totland
Saab 2000 In-Service Test of Porous Surfaces for HLFC .................................................... 89
T.M. Young, J.P. Fielding
Flight Operational Assessment of Hybrid Laminar Flow Control (HLFC) Aircraft ....... .... 99
P. Meyer
Application ofHLF Technology to Civil Nacelle (invited) ................................................. 107
Session 5 Supersonic Flow Control Aspects .......................................... 115
D.A. Lovell
European Research to Reduce Drag for Supersonic Transport Aircraft (invited) ..... ........ ... 117
D. Arnal, J. Reneaux
Attachment Line Transition in Supersonic Flow .................................................................. 133
A. Traore, P. Lemee
Laminar Design for Supersonic Civil Transport ................................................................. 141
Session 6.1 Transition Prediction ........................................................... 155
G. Schrauf, K.-H. Horstmann
Linear Stability Theory Applied to Natural and Hybrid Laminar Flow
Experiments .. ..... .... ................. ........ .... .... ................. .......... ...... .......... .......... ......... ........ ....... 157
A. Hanifi
Modem Transition Prediction Techniques Based on Adjoint Methods 164
E. Janke, F.P. Bertolotti, S. Hein, W. Koch, A. Stolte, V. Theofilis,
U. Dallmann
Receptivity Processes and Transition Scenarios for Swept-Wing Flows
with HFL Technology ......................................................................................................... 172
S. Aubrun, A. Seraudie, D. Biron, D. Arnal
Influence of Acoustic Excitation on 3D Boundery Layer Instabilities ................................ 180
x
Session 6.2 HLF Experimental Techniques ........................................... 189
P.W.c. Wong, M. Maina
Study of Wind Tunnel Simulation Methodology for HLFC Wings 191
C. Abegg, H. Bippes, A. Boiko, V. Krishnan, T. Lerche, A. Pothke, Y. Wu,
U. Dallmann
Transitional Flow Physics and Flow Control for Swept Wings: Experiments
on Boundary-Layer Receptivity, Instability Excitation and HLF-Technology ................... 199
O. Burkhardt, U. Dinata, C. Warsop, W. Nitsche
New Developments in Surface Flow Sensor Technology within the Framework
of AEROMEMS ........................ ..................... ..................................................................... 207
Session 7 Realisation of Adaptive Wing
concepts ........................................................................................................ 219
E. Stanewsky, H. Rosemann
Aspects of Shock Control and Adaptive Wing Technology (invited) .................................. 221
D.W. Bechert, R. Meyer, W. Hage
Drag Reduction on Gurney Flaps and Divergent Trailing Edges ........................................ 229
J. Mertens
Next Steps Envisaged to Improve Wing Performance of Commercial Aircraft ................... 246
Session 8 Future Prospects ..................................................................... 257
R. Gerhards, J. Szodruch
Industrial Perspectives of Drag Reduction Technologies (invited) ..................................... 259
Session 9 Turbulent Drag Reduction
Methods ....................................................................................................... 267
C. Warsop
Current Status and Prospects for Turbulent Flow Control (invited) .................................... 269
W. Hage, D.W. Bechert, M. Bruse
Yaw Angle Effects on Optimized Riblets ........................................................................... 278
R. Monti, S. De Ponte, E. Levich
Effects on the Resistance and on the Separation of V Shapes Passive
Manipulators in a Turbulent Boundary Layer ..... ........... ..................................................... 286
XI
