Advances in Petroleum Source Rock Characterizations: Integrated Methods and Case Studies: A Multidisciplinary Source Rock Approach

295 Pages·2022·26.711 MB·English

by  Haytham El Atfy, Bandar I. Ghassal

Advances in Science, Technology & Innovation
IEREK Interdisciplinary Series for Sustainable Development
Haytham El Atfy · Bandar I. Ghassal
Editors
Advances in
Petroleum Source Rock
Characterizations:
Integrated Methods
and Case Studies
A Multidisciplinary Source Rock Approach
Advances in Science, Technology & Innovation
IEREK Interdisciplinary Series for Sustainable
Development
Editorial Board
Anna Laura Pisello, Department of Engineering, University of Perugia, Italy
Dean Hawkes, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
Hocine Bougdah, University for the Creative Arts, Farnham, UK
Federica Rosso, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
Hassan Abdalla, University of East London, London, UK
Sofia-Natalia Boemi, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Greece
Nabil Mohareb, Faculty of Architecture—Design and Built Environment,
Beirut Arab University, Beirut, Lebanon
SalehMesbahElkaffas,ArabAcademyforScience,Technology&MaritimeTransport,Egypt
Emmanuel Bozonnet, University of la Rochelle, La Rochelle, France
Gloria Pignatta, University of Perugia, Italy
Yasser Mahgoub, Qatar University, Qatar
Luciano De Bonis, University of Molise, Italy
Stella Kostopoulou, Regional and Tourism Development, University of Thessaloniki,
Thessaloniki, Greece
Biswajeet Pradhan, Faculty of Engineering and IT, University of Technology Sydney,
Sydney, Australia
Md. Abdul Mannan, Universiti Malaysia Sarawak, Malaysia
Chaham Alalouch, Sultan Qaboos University, Muscat, Oman
Iman O. Gawad, Helwan University, Egypt
Anand Nayyar , Graduate School, Duy Tan University, Da Nang, Vietnam
Series Editor
Mourad Amer, International Experts for Research Enrichment and Knowledge Exchange
(IEREK), Cairo, Egypt
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Haytham El Atfy (cid:129) Bandar I. Ghassal
Editors
Advances in Petroleum
Source Rock
Characterizations: Integrated
Methods and Case Studies
A Multidisciplinary Source Rock Approach
123
Editors
Haytham ElAtfy Bandar I.Ghassal
Department ofGeology EXPECAdvancedResearch Center
Faculty of Science SaudiAramco
MansouraUniversity Dhahran, SaudiArabia
Mansoura, Egypt
Research Fellowof the Alexander
vonHumboldt Foundation
University of Tübingen
Germany
ISSN 2522-8714 ISSN 2522-8722 (electronic)
Advances in Science, Technology &Innovation
IEREK Interdisciplinary Series for Sustainable Development
ISBN978-3-031-16395-1 ISBN978-3-031-16396-8 (eBook)
https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-16396-8
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Dedicated to my mother’s soul to whom I owe everything
Haytham El Atfy
Dedicated to my mother’s and father’s souls who I wished they are here to see
this book
Bandar I. Ghassal
Preface
The rapid increase in unconventional resources around the world has promoted several
technologies and research trends to assess potential source rocks by efficiently utilizing
integratedmethods.Mostofthisworkinthelast20yearshasbeendisseminatedinnumerous
journals and conference papers. Thus, we thought of this book with several invited geosci-
entists from around the world to have a consolidated publication that discusses the recent
technological advancements, as well as recent and multidisciplinary case studies.
Thebookcomesinthreeparts.Chapter“SedimentaryOrganicMatter:Origin,Productivity,
Preservation and Role in Source-Rock Development” discusses and provides an extensive
overview of source rock formation mechanisms and how this affects the generated hydro-
carbons later on upon maturation. The second part discusses select advancements in source
rock characterization methods, which comprises chapter “Practical Guide for Petroleum
Source Rock Interpretation” to “Effective Source-Rock Evaluation Strategies for the
Identification of Profitable Plays in the Permian Basin, USA”. Chapter “Practical Guide for
PetroleumSource Rock Interpretation” provides a detailed overview of source rock sampling
and assessment techniques covering wide spectra including classical and recent advanced
technologies and interpretation methods. Chapter “Maturity Determination of Contaminated
Source Rocks by Pyrolysis and Thermal Oxidation Methods: A Review” introduces a novel
thermal maturity parameter that replaces the conventional T pyrolysis parameter. Chapter
max
“Source Rocks Forward Modelling: Significance and Approach” discusses a new method of
source rock stratigraphic modeling in marine environments. Chapter “Optical Kerogen
Analysis” presents several optical methods of source rock and kerogen analysis. Chapter
“Effective Source-Rock Evaluation Strategies for the Identification of Profitable Plays in the
PermianBasin,USA”discussesnewstrategiesforsourcerockevaluationonaregionalscale.
The lastpart ofthebook includes multidisciplinary casestudiescoveringseveralbasins from
the USA, Libya, Egypt, Southwest Africa, Iraq, Pakistan, and China.
Weverymuchappreciatetheeffortandcontributionsofthe39authorsinthisbook,aswell
as all of the technical reviewers who gave their time to improve the quality of the book.
Mansoura, Egypt Haytham El Atfy
Dhahran, Saudi Arabia Bandar I. Ghassal
vii
Acknowledgments
The editors gratefully appreciate fruitful discussions and comments from all reviewers (ar-
ranged in alphabetical order) whose careful, constructive, and perceptive critical comments
greatlyimprovedthechaptersofthisbook:EsamAbdEl-Gawad,RaniaAbu-Ali,Mohammed
Abu Al Reesh, Mohamed A. Ahmed, Khaled Arouri, Ibrahim Atwah, Samer Bou Daher,
SalahY.ElBeialy,WaleedSh.ElDiasty,MohamedM.ElNady,MoatazEl-Shafeiy,MaherI.
El-Soughier,AnnetteGötz,HenryHalpern,MohamedI.Ibrahim,AhmedMansour,FengLu,
Sebastian Lüning, Maria-Fernanda Romero-Sarmiento, Sedat Inan, and Rainer Zulhke.
TechnicalsupportfromSpringeraswellasIEREK,especiallyDr.NabilKhelifi,TokaAmer,
and Nareshkumar Mani, is highly appreciated.
Haytham El Atfy is greatly indebted to the Alexander von Humboldt Foundation for their
funding and continuous support as Research Fellow at the University of Tübingen. I should
alsorecordmysincereappreciationtoMansouraUniversityforitshelpduringthepreparation
of this book.
The editors are sincerely thankful to Saudi Artist Esrraa Abunar for the beautiful book
cover design and drawings.
From Haytham to Noha, thank you so much my lovely wife for your continuous help,
support, and patience—it ischallenging toexpress the gratitude that I owe you. Still, enough
to say, ‘without you, I would never have accomplished this work’.
From Bandar to his wife Esrraa Abunar, you have always been a partner in every success
I encounter in my life. Thank you from the bottom of my heart for the tremendous support.
Lastbutnotleast,we record oursincerethankstoourfamilieswho always encouragedus
and gave us moral support. A bouquet should go to our children: Kanzy, Mohamed
(Haytham’s), Jory, and Rakan (Bandar’s), for their understanding and coping with our min-
imal attention during the preparation of this work.
ix
Contents
Introduction
Sedimentary Organic Matter: Origin, Productivity, Preservation,
and Role in Source Rock Development . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3
Bandar I. Ghassal and Haytham El Atfy
Methods
Practical Guide for Petroleum Source Rock Interpretation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 25
Bandar I. Ghassal, Sattam S. Mutairi, and Haytham El Atfy
Maturity Determination of Contaminated Source Rocks by Pyrolysis
and Thermal Oxidation Methods: A Review . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 47
Sedat İnan
Source Rocks Forward Modelling: Significance and Approach . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 59
Samer Bou Daher, Benoit Chauveau, Erwan Leguerroue, Paul Jermannaud,
Alcide Thebault, Maria-Fernanda Romero-Sarmiento, and Emerson Marfisi
Optical Kerogen Analysis . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 81
Hartmut Jäger
Effective Source-Rock Evaluation Strategies for the Identification of Profitable
Plays in the Permian Basin, USA . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 97
Mohamed K. Zobaa and David Entzminger
Case Studies
High-Resolution Palynostratigraphy and Palynofacies of the Upper Cretaceous
and K/Pg Boundary, SE Sirt Basin, Libya: A Case Study. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 109
Ali Daw El-Mehdawi
Viability of the Upper Member of the Mississippian Lodgepole Formation
as an Economic Source Rock in the Williston Basin . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 181
Murray Dighans and Mohamed K. Zobaa
Integration of Palynological and Foraminiferal Analyses Toward Evaluation
of the Paleoenvironment and Hydrocarbon Potential in the Orange Basin,
SW Africa . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 193
Marissa K. Spencer, Damián Cárdenas, Francisca E. Oboh-Ikuenobe,
and Tapas Chatterjee
Palynofacies, Organic Petrography, and Source Rock Potential of the Toarcian
Quse Formation Oil Shale in the Tibetan Tethys, China. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 213
Ahmed Mansour, Thomas Gentzis, Guoqing Xia, Humberto Carvajal-Ortiz,
Seare Ocubalidet, Haisheng Yi, and Haytham El Atfy
xi
xii Contents
PalynologyandPetroleumSourceRockGeochemistryoftheCretaceousMancos
and Gallup Formations, San Juan Basin, New Mexico . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 227
Ashton B. Faulkner and Mohamed K. Zobaa
Petroleum System Analysis of the Main Paleozoic Source Rocks in Western
Iraq: A 1D Basin Modelling Approach . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 243
Qusay Abeed
Source Rock Quality and Continuous Petroleum System in the Ranikot
Formation (Kirthar Foldbelt, Pakistan) Based on Principal Organic
Geochemistry. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 257
Michał Makos, Richard J. Drozd, Ishtiaq Noor, Zdzisław Kołodziejczyk,
Mateusz Górniak, Ihtesham Ul Wahab, Muhammad Javid Akhtar,
and Shifaat Alam Muhammad
Characterization of the Upper Cretaceous-Paleogene Black Shale
of the Southern Tethys Margin, Egypt . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 279
Rania Abu-Ali, Ahmed El-Kammar, and Jochen Kuss