Ableism at Work: Disablement and Hierarchies of Impairment (Cambridge Disability Law and Policy Series)

250 Pages·2019·1.697 MB·English

by  Paul David Harpur

Cambridge University Press
978-1-108-49730-5 — Ableism at Work
Paul David Harpur
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ableism at work
The UN Convention on the Rights of Persons with Disabilities promotes ability
equality,butthisisnotreflectedinnationallaws.Australia,Canada,Ireland,the
UnitedKingdomandtheUnitedStatesallhaveonethingincommon:regulatory
frameworks that treat workers with psychosocial disabilities less favourably than
workers with either physical or sensory disabilities. Whether it be denying anti-
discriminationprotectiontopeoplewithepisodicdisabilities,addictions,orother
psychological impairments, failing to make reasonable accommodations/adjust-
mentsforworkerswithpsychosocialdisabilities,ordenyingthemworkerscompen-
sation or occupational health and safety protections, regulatory interventions
embed inequalities. Ableism, sanism and prejudice are expressly stated in laws,
reflectedinjudgmentsandperpetuatedbyworkplacepractices.
dr paul david harpur isaseniorlecturerattheTCBeirneSchoolofLaw,the
University of Queensland, Australia. He is also an International Distinguished
FellowwiththeBurtonBlattInstitute,SyracuseUniversity,NewYork.DrHarpur
isalsoaFulbrightFutureScholar,wherehewillbeavisitingfellowattheBurton
Blatt Institute and Harvard Law School Project on Disabilities. Dr Harpur has
beennameda2020fellowoftheHarvardLawSchoolProjectonDisabilities.
© in this web service Cambridge University Press www.cambridge.org
Cambridge University Press
978-1-108-49730-5 — Ableism at Work
Paul David Harpur
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Cambridge Disability Lawand Policy Series
Edited by Peter Blanck and Robin Paul Malloy
TheDisabilityLawandPolicyseriesexaminesthesetopicsininterdisciplinaryand
comparativeterms.Thebooksintheseriesreflectthediversityofdefinitions,causes,
andconsequencesofdiscriminationagainstpersonswithdisabilitieswhileilluminating
fundamentalthemesthatunitecountriesintheirpursuitofhumanrightslawsand
policiestoimprovethesocialandeconomicstatusofpersonswithdisabilities.The
seriescontainshistorical,contemporary,andcomparativescholarshipcrucialto
identifyingindividual,organizational,cultural,attitudinal,andlegalthemesnecessary
fortheadvancementofdisabilitylawandpolicy.
Thebooktopicscoveredintheseriesalsoarereflectiveofthenewmoralandpolitical
commitmentbycountriesthroughouttheworldtowardequalopportunityforpersons
withdisabilitiesinsuchareasasemployment,housing,transportation,rehabilitation,
andindividualhumanrights.Theserieswillthusplayasignificantroleininforming
policymakers,researchers,andcitizensofissuescentraltodisabilityrightsand
disabilityantidiscriminationpolicies.Theseriesgroundsthefutureofdisabilitylawand
policyasavehicleforensuringthatthoselivingwithdisabilitiesparticipateasequal
citizensoftheworld.
Books in the Series
RuthColker,WhenIsSeparateUnequal?ADisabilityPerspective,2009
LarryM.LogueandPeterBlanck,Race,Ethnicity,andDisability:Veteransand
BenefitsinPost–CivilWarAmerica,2010
LisaVanhala,MakingRightsaReality?DisabilityRightsActivistsandLegal
Mobilization,2011
EilionóirFlynn,FromRhetorictoAction:ImplementingtheUNConventiononthe
RightsofPersonswithDisabilities,2011
IsabelKarpinandKristinSavell,PerfectingPregnancy:Law,Disability,andtheFuture
ofReproduction,2012
AliciaOuellette,BioethicsandDisability:TowardaDisability-ConsciousBioethics,
2013
ArieRimmerman,SocialInclusionofPeoplewithDisabilities:Nationaland
InternationalPerspectives,2013
AndrewPower,JanetE.LordandAllisonS.DeFranco,ActiveCitizenshipand
Disability:ImplementingthePersonalisationofSupport,2013
LisaSchur,DouglasKruseandPeterBlanck,PeoplewithDisabilities:Sidelinedor
Mainstreamed?,2013
ElizaVarney,DisabilityandInformationTechnology:AComparativeStudyinMedia
Regulation,2013
JeromeE.Bickenbach,FranziskaFelderandBarbaraSchmitz,Disabilityandthe
GoodHumanLife,2014
© in this web service Cambridge University Press www.cambridge.org
Cambridge University Press
978-1-108-49730-5 — Ableism at Work
Paul David Harpur
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RobinPaulMalloy,LandUseLawandDisability:PlanningandZoningforAccessible
Communities,2014
ArieRimmerman,FamilyPolicyandDisability,2015
PeterBlanck,eQuality:TheStruggleforWebAccessibilitybyPersonswithCognitive
Disabilities,2016
AnnaArstein-Kerslake,RestoringVoicetoPeoplewithCognitiveDisabilities:
RealizingtheRighttoEqualRecognitionBeforetheLaw,2017
ArieRimmerman,DisabilityandCommunityLivingPolicies,2017
PaulHarpur,Discrimination,CopyrightandEquality:Openingthee-Bookforthe
Print-Disabled,2017
AislingdePaor,Genetics,DisabilityandtheLaw:TowardsanEULegalFramework,
2017
PiersGooding,ANewEraforMentalHealthLawandPolicy:Supported
Decision-MakingandtheUNConventionontheRightsofPersonswith
Disabilities,2017
LarryM.LogueandPeterBlanck,HeavyLaden:UnionVeterans,PsychologicalIllness,
andSuicide,2018
KarrieA.Shogren,MichaelL.Wehmeyer,JonathanMartinisandPeter
Blanck,SupportedDecision-Making:Theory,Research,andPracticeto
EnhanceSelf-DeterminationandQualityofLife,2018
GauthierdeBeco,JanetE.LordandShivaunQuinlivan,TheRighttoInclusive
EducationinInternationalHumanRightsLaw,2019
StephenMeyers,CivilizingDisabilitySociety:TheConventionontheRights
ofPersonswithDisabilitiesSocializingGrassrootsDisabledPersons
Organizations,2019
PaulHarpur,AbleismatWork:DisablementandHierarchiesofImpairments,2020
© in this web service Cambridge University Press www.cambridge.org
Cambridge University Press
978-1-108-49730-5 — Ableism at Work
Paul David Harpur
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© in this web service Cambridge University Press www.cambridge.org
Cambridge University Press
978-1-108-49730-5 — Ableism at Work
Paul David Harpur
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Ableism at Work
disablement and hierarchies of
impairment
PAUL DAVID HARPUR
University ofQueensland
© in this web service Cambridge University Press www.cambridge.org
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Paul David Harpur
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title:Ableismatwork:disablementandhierarchiesofimpairment/PaulDavidHarpur.
othertitles:Disablementandhierarchiesofimpairment
description:1.|NewYork:CambridgeUniversityPress,2019.|Series:Cambridgedisability
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identifiers:lccn2019038137(print)|lccn2019038138(ebook)|isbn9781108497305
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Paul David Harpur
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Contents
Foreword by Peter Blanck page xv
Acknowledgements xix
1 Introduction 1
I Preliminary 1
A Core Thesis 1
B Comparative ResearchMethod 2
C ANoteon Terminology: MentalImpairments and
Psychosocial Disabilities 4
D Why PsychosocialDisability? 6
II Inequalities, Oppression and Ableism at Work 7
A ArePersons with Disabilities Experiencing Inequalities in
Exercising Their Right to Work? 8
III Theorising Hierarchies ofImpairment 12
A Understanding Hierarchies ofImpairment andPrejudice
at Work 12
B How Sites ofOppression Are Constructed between
Impairment Categories 13
C Prejudice against Psychosocial Disabilities 14
Conclusion 16
2 International Disability Norms atWork: International Law on
Ableism atWork and the Hierarchy of Impairments 18
Introduction 18
I How Has InternationalLabour Law Historically
Problematised the Disabled Worker? 20
vii
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Paul David Harpur
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viii Contents
A How the Collective Focus of the ILO Reduces
Protection for Workers with Disabilities 21
B The ILO and the Problematising Disabilitythrough the
Medical Model 24
C Workers with Disabilities and ILO Conventions and
Jurisprudence:Discounting Ability Diversity atWork 26
D The Social Model andDevelopments in Ability Equality
at Work 27
E ILOEmbracingNewDisabilityHumanRightsParadigm 30
II The UNand the New Disability Human Rights Paradigm 31
A The Emergence ofthe Disability Human Rights
Paradigm andthe CRPD 31
B The Right to Work and the CRPD 34
C No Hierarchiesof Impairments: How the CRPD
Promotes Ability Equalityat Work 35
Conclusion 37
3 The CRPD Committee, Ableism and Hierarchiesof
Impairment at Work 38
Introduction 38
I The CRPD Committee and Its Role 40
II The CRPD Committee and Understanding the Problem of
the Hierarchies ofImpairments at Work 42
A The Right toWork and the Interdependency ofRights 42
B Understanding the Problem:The CRPD Committee and
the Denial of the Right toWork 44
III Regulatory FailuresWhich Promote Ableism at Work and
Hierarchiesof Impairment 47
A The Ability Apartheid IsNo Accident: Regulatory
Interventions That Aim to Exclude Workers with
Disabilities 47
B Hierarchies of Impairments in Laws Which Fail to
Regulate Key Barriers toAbility Equality atWork 49
IV Importance ofComparable and Disaggregated Data in
Identifying andAddressing the Hierarchy of Impairments
at Work 50
A The CRPD on the DisaggregationofData and
Hierarchy ofImpairments 51
B Disaggregation ofData and Hierarchy ofImpairments 51
Conclusion 53
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Contents ix
4 Hierarchiesof Impairment at Work in the Regulation and
Response toSheltered Work 54
Introduction 54
I Introducing ShelteredWorkshops 56
A What AreSheltered Workshops? 57
B Funding ShelteredWork 58
II The CRPD Committee andthe Agenda against
ShelteredWork 60
A How Does the CRPD Distinguish between Acceptable and
UnacceptableEmployment Options? 60
B What Has the CRPD Committee Said on Sheltered
Workshops? 61
C Transitioning from ShelteredWork to
Open Work Can Take Considerable Effort and
Retraining 62
D Why the CRPD Committee IsOpposed to
Sheltered Work 62
III Disability Scholarship That Supports the Position Taken
by the CRPD Committee 64
A Separate Is Bad 64
B Exploitative Not toPay Equalfor Workers with and
without Disabilities 65
C Inability toTransition outof Sheltered Work 66
IV Ableism in the Open Labour Market and Transitioning from
Sheltered Work toWhat? 67
A Transitioningto What? From Sheltered
Permanent Employment toLow-Skilled Casual
Employment 67
B Beyond PrecariousEmployment toPrecarious Work:
Unsheltered and Unregulated Work 69
C Non-Ideal Employment to NoEmployment:
Experiences When Sheltered WorkshopsAreClosed 71
V We Know What IsGoodfor You:Everything about You
without You 73
A My VoiceMyChoice: Hear Me 73
B You Have My Voice, NowHelp Me Use It: Disability
Person Organisations 78
Conclusion 78
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x Contents
5 The ArbitraryExclusion ofEpisodic and Psychosocial
Disabilities from Legal Protection: The Duration
Test Promoting Ableism atWork 81
Introduction 81
I Psychosocial Disabilities as Episodic Disabilities 82
A What AreEpisodic Disabilities? 82
B Episodic Disabilities Are Misunderstood 83
C Difference between Episodic andStableDisabilities
atWork 84
II InternationalDisability Norms: Protecting by
Categories and Not by Need 86
A Minority GroupandUniversalist Approach to
Disability 86
B The CRPD Adopts the Minority Group Approach 88
C The Duration Test inthe CRPD 90
III Duration Tests andDisability Discrimination and
Diversity Laws 91
A Proving the Presenceofa PsychosocialDisability 94
B FakingorReal:ChallengesinProvingEpisodicDisability 95
C Beyond Anti-discrimination Laws, How Do Other State
InterventionsApproach Episodic Disabilities? 99
Conclusion 100
6 Ability Apartheid atWork: The Policy of Stigmatising and
Excluding ‘Unacceptable’ Psychosocial Disabilities from
Anti-discriminationLaws 102
Introduction 102
I Examplesof Psychological Conditions That Are Deemed
OutsideProtection 105
A Psychological Conditions Where Propensity for Conduct
DeemedUnacceptable in Society 105
B Substance Abuse Addictions 108
II IsIt ReasonabletoExpect Workerswith Psychosocial
Disabilities to Rehabilitate to Gain Protection? 113
A Attemptsto Rehabilitate Can Enliven Anti-discrimination
Protections 113
B Mitigating anImpairment IsNormally Not Necessary 114
C Should the Decision toRefuse Treatment Be
Relevant in Considering What Are Reasonable
Accommodations? 115
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