A NEW SPECIES OF SCAPHOSEPALUM PFITZER (PLEUROTHALLIDINAE: ORCHIDACEAE) IN THE HUMID MONTANE FOREST FROM PERU

2015·4.9 MB·English

by  Luis Valenzuela Gamarra

Arnaldoa 22 339 346, 2015 ISSN: 1815-8242 (edición impresa)
(2): -
ISSN: 2413-3299
(online edition)
A
new
of Scaphosepalum
species
Pfitzer
on
Orchidaceae),
(Pleurothallidinae: the
humid
montane from
Perú
forest
Una Scaphosepalum
nueva especie de
Pi'úier
húmedo
bosque
Orchidaceae) en
(Pleurothallidinae:
el
montano
de Perú
ARNALDOA
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22 Julio - Dicie
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I
New
Valenzuela: species of Scaphosepalum (Orchidaceae) from Perú
L.
A
new
species of Scaphosepalum was found in the mountains of Yanachaga Chemillen National
m
on humid montano
Park, a forest at 2300 in the central jungle of Perú. This species similar to
is
Scaphosepalum antenniferum but can be differentiated because the lateral sepáis exhibit rhomboidal
and showing
cushions spathuliform In contras!, the lateral sepáis of antenniferum broadly
lip. S.
médium
lunar cushions and the sepal with the apiculate apex; by the other hand the sub-
lip is
panduriform and with
denticulated apex.
new
Keywords: Oxapampa,
Orchidaceae, Pleurothallidinae, Scaphosepalum, species, central jungle,
Yanachaga National Park, Perú
Resumen
Se encontró una nueva especie de Scaphosepalum en montañas del Parque Nacional
las
m
Yanachaga-Chemillén, en un bosque húmedo montano a 2300 de altitud en la Selva Central del
Perú. Esta especie es similar a Scaphosepalum antenniferum pero se diferencia porque sus sépalos
En
laterales presentan cojines romboidales labelo espatuliforme. contraste, los sépalos laterales de
y
antenniferum muestran cojines lunares anchos sépalo medio con ápice apiculado; por otro lado
S. y el
sub-panduriforme con
el labelo es y ápice denticulado.
nueva
Palabras clave: Orchidaceae, Pleurothallidinae, Scaphosepalum, especie. Selva Central,
Oxapampa,
Parque Nacional Yanachaga-Chemillén, Perú.
genus
the Scaphosepalum including
Introducción first
two them
only five species, of Masdevallia
known
Orchids are poorly in Perú,
and making
verrucosa Masdevallia ochthodes,
new
and
every year are discover species,
a mistake of not considering in this genus
we know
over 2800
so far that exist a
little
Much
1890
to the others. so that in Rolfe,
&
Bermúdez
species according Zelenko
moved
permanently within the genus
According to the Missouri Botanical
(2009).
Scaphosepalum those species erroneously
HOXA,
Carden Herbarium
database of the
considered
like Masdevallia (Luer, 1988).
www.tropicos.org Yanachaga
in the
(2014);
The genus Scaphosepalum belongs
Chemillen National Park
(central jungle),
and the Epidendreae, subtribe
there are about 500 species to tribe
it is
presumed number Pleurothallidinae, currently with over
that this will increase
over 600 Where Epidendrum, 46 species worldwide, of which only 4
to species.
and would species such as antenniferum Rolfe,
Maxillaria, Pleurothallis S. S.
Stelis
Luer and
be the most diverse genera. The genus hreve (Rchb. Rolfe, S. martineae
f.)
Scaphosepalum has been poorly collected S. swertifolium (Rchb.f) Rolfe, are reported
&
Bermúdez
and recorded for Perú according to Zelenko
in this locality until 2009,
and León
nov Blanca
being atropurpureum sp the second (2009) et (2006).
al.
S.
and
collection record so far for this genus.
ñame
The genus shape
refers to the
Initially the genus was described as of "boat" which have the sepáis; by other
hand
by Reichenbach because refers to the fusión of the lateral
Masdevallia in 1849,
form
that vegetatively are not very different sepáis that generally reaching a sack
with two where
from Dracula and Masdevallia. Years cushions; plants prefer to
later,
in 1888 Pfizer proposed and described develop on cloud forests, distributed from
ARNALDOA
340 22(2): Julio -Diciembre, 2015
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New
Valenzuela: species of Scaphosepa/um (Orchidaceae) from Perú
L.
we
Southern México, Panama, Guatemala, used, a Sony camera (12MP
digital 50x).
we made
Venezuela, Guyana, Colombia, Ecuador, Finally the drawings to detall
Perú from 500 3000 m. what was observad, which were used
to Bolivia, - as
comparison and To
material discussion. take
The genus
Scaphosepalum, ineludes
into account their geographical distribution
médium
epiphytic plants tiny to sized, short
were
taken geographical coordínales of
its
stems or rhizomes that give rise to a leaf
GPS
through CSX.
location a 60
more and
or lanceolate a
less elliptic lateral
and
inflorescence in ráceme, erect, curved or Result discussion
somewhat pendulous, smooth warty
or
Taxonomic
treatment
The
peduncles. flowers are small non-
Scaphosepalum atropurpureum
resupinate; from the sepáis extend small L.
Valenzuela sp nov.
antennae an (Fig. 1-2)
tails similar to the of insect,
the lateral sepáis have a couple of "pads"
TYPE. PERU. Oxapampa,
Pasco,
whose
shapes vary
or "fleshy callus"
Huancabamba, Oso Yanachaga
Playa,
from
triangular, semilunar to ovoid; these
Chemillen National Park, 2362 m.
pads osmophores
cushions or function
like
10°19'27"S, 75°35'20"O. 15-X- 2009.
L.
according Vogel Pridgeon
cells to
(1962),
M.
Valenzuela 13592, A. Monteagudo, Cueva,
and
Stern the petáis are fleshy
(1985); & HOXA;
A. Peña Mateo (Holotype:
J.
and column curved
small; the strongly
is USM, HOXA,
MO),
Isotype: (Paratype: L.
winged and
containing a pair of pollinia.
Valenzuela
13612).
Diagnosis
and methods
Material
Scaphosepalum atropurpureum similar
is
but
The to antenniferum differs in that the
description presented in the S.
have rhomboids
based on the available material lateral sepáis cushions;
article
is
médium
with margins
the sepal revolute
of Scaphosepalum atropurpureum sp nov.,
was found Oso and slightly warty towards the middle, the
that in the area of Playa
it
of the Yanachaga Chemillen National Park, apex is blunted; the lip is spathuliform with
two
Huancabamba, longitudinal projections, with small
Province
District of of
and
Oxapampa, Región The lamellae at the central terminal región
of Pasco. botanical
apex rounded;
were thereof, finally structures
collections deposited in the herbaria all
USM show
MO, and HOXA. The an atropurpureous perianth. In
morphological
description was made according the contras!, the lateral sepáis of S. antenniferum
to
have widely lunar cushions and the
external characteristics observad in the tails
médium
are strongly divergen!, the sepal
botanical collections deposited in the
more
with
different herbaria mentioned; for this was or less apiculate apex; the lip is
sub-panduriform with
denticulated
used key genus proposed slightly
the species of the
by Luer The were apex; the perianth has a palé green to
C. vegetativa parts
(1988).
brown
yellowish with mottled purple
carefully examinad using a stereoscope to
brown
reddish
Olympus
(40x), Laica optical microscope (Fig. 3)
USB
and one microscope
(150x) digital
Epiphytic plant, caespitose of 30-40
On we
hand
the other use
(250x). digital
cm
in length including the inflorescence.
photographs have
that details of
all
Leaves and
elliptic-lanceolate, erect fleshy
vegetativa parts including the habit; for this
ARNALDOA
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New
Valenzuela: species of Scaphosepalum (Orchidaceae) from Perú
L.
Fig. Scaphosepalum atropurpureum L. Valenzuela. A. Habit; B. Flower; frontal view; C. Flower
1.
and Column, and
view; G. Petáis; Lip, ventral, dorsal lateral view, K-L. frontal lateral view;
H-I-J.
M. Pollinia, inside the cover; N. Anther cap; O. Pollinia. (Drawings by the author from the Holotype:
HOXA)
Valenzuela 13592,
L.
ARNALDOA
342 22(2): Julio -Diciembre, 2015
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New
Valenzuela: species of Scaphosepa/um (Orchidaceae) from Perú
L.
Scaphosepalum atropurpureum and
Fig. 2. L. Valenzuela. A. Inflorescence, floral bracts, pedicels
flowers in lateral view; B. Habit and leaves; C. flower buds, flower in frontal view, upper sepáis,
cushions and revolute lower sepal; D. Flower in lateral view (atropurpureous and verrucous
tails;
with deep groove on Flower view
sepáis, right petal a slightly the external face); E. in frontal (petáis).
Pictures by L. Valenzuela (JBM - 2009).
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New
Valenzuela: species of Scaphosepa/um (Orchidaceae) from Perú
L.
cm cm
of 12 - 30 in length and 1.8 - 2.4 wide; flooded (wetland or bofedal), high humidity
cm On
and moss and
petioles of 4 -14 in length, are enclosed plenty of the other
litter.
in protective basal sheaths. Inflorescence hand, atropurpureum was found growing
S.
cm
a ráceme erect and rigid of 35 40 associated with other orchid species as
-
in length, also enclosed by a basal Zootrophium dayanum (Rchb.f.) Luer.
it is
produced
protective sheath; 3-4 flowers are
new known
The
species described,
is
simultaneously; perianth mostly deciduous
only of the western side of the Yanachaga
(while this not pollinated), the scape,
is
Chemillen with small populations
ridge,
and
pedicels bracts are conduplicates,
floral
remnant
restricted to a small of forest,
slightly verrucose with rounded apex the
with very few exposed, near cropland
trees
same which from
are arranged the 24
to
and whose owners make income
pasture;
cm
from
27
the origin of the inflorescence.
without due permission, grazing
for cattle
Flowers non-resupinate; the sepáis
lateral
and
for the extraction of orchids that are
connate, atropurpureous, verrucose of 18.5
sold in the local market; putting at risk
mm mm
and wide
long 4-5 (basal section:
way
populations
in this of this species,
mm,
mm),
10 tails section: 8.5 each sepal has
which fortunately does not have attractive
rhomboidal
cushions, the are slightly
tails
The
flowers. author proposes the protection
médium
divergen!; the sepal of 11.5 12
-
and
of this place to ensure the existence
mm mm
long by 4 wide, concave toward
3
-
make
perpetuation of this species; or at least
middle
the anterior región, verrucose,
repopulation processes in similar places.
with margins and with
carinate revolute the
ñame
Etymology: The given
species
obtuse apex; the petáis are atropurpureous is
mm mm
by by
and 1.8-2 the atropurpureous color displayed
of 5-6 in length wide,
regularly ovate-oblique, obtuse base, all floral parts.
at
on margin
obtuse dilated the acute
tabellar,
Acknowledgements
with prominent
apexes, the internal face a
The
author wishes thank, Missouri
to to
with
rib sinuous, the external face a slightly
Carden economic
Botanical for contribution,
deep groove; the atropurpureous
lip is
way
allowing in this scientific research
many
where
in Perú, taxa are discovered
verrucouse and spathuliform, with
less
and Dalstrom
described to Science; Dr. Stig
two towards
longitudinal projections
and commenting on
reviewing
for the
the anterior región, the presence of small
manuscript; Blgo. Rocío Del Pilar Rojas
middle and
lamellae in the central part the
Gonzalos procedures
for the respective for
column
terminal región, apex rounded; the
mm
Yanachaga Chemillenn National
access to
curved atropurpureous
regularly of 5
is
Park; Mr. César A. Tello Rojas for their
winged above middle
in length, the región;
assistance in transporting the
scientific
the anther cap has the enveloping margins
mm
team
to explore the area; Ing. Rodolfo
and
slightly verrucose of 1 long; the
is
mm
Vásquez Martínez and María
to Blgo. Isabel
long compressed
pollinia of 0.5
(2)
Villalba Valdivia for their contributions to
with and curved
a short
laterally foot.
the respective manuscript.
and
Distribution ecology
Literature cited
The species forms small colonies of
Jardín Botánico de Missouri. 2014. Base de datos
was found on remnant
3-4 individuáis; a
-
HOXA
(Oxapampa
del Herbario Pasco, Perú).
humid montane with sandy
of forest, soil
ARNALDOA
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New
Valenzuela: species of Scaphosepalum (Orchidaceae) from Perú
L.
www.tropicos.org.
Reichenbach, H. G. 1849. Die orchideen Jour-
in
nal für die Botanik ihrem ganzen Umfange.
in
Zweiundzwanzeigster Band. Order: Beitráge zur
Pflanzenkunde. Sechster Band. Pag. 819.
&
Roque, León. 2007d. Orchidaceae endé-
J. B.
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micas Perú (759s 878 en Blanca
del s) L.,
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&
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&
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