Table Of Content©EntomologicaFennica.17September2004
Anew species of Ormyridae (Hymenoptera: Chalcidoidea)
parasitizing a gall-making weevil on twigs
of the bunge hackberry tree in China
Yan-xiaYao&Zhong-qiYang*
Yao,Y.&Yang,Z.2004:AnewspeciesofOrmyridae(Hymenoptera:Chalci-
doidea)parasitizingagall-makingweevilontwigsofthebungehackberrytreein
China.—Entomol.Fennica15:142–148.
Ormyruscoccotorisp.n.(Hymenoptera:Chalcidoidea:Ormyridae)isdescribed
from China. It is a bivoltine larval ectoparasitoid of Coccotorus chaoi Chen
(Coleoptera:Curculionidae)thatisaseriouspestinmostpartsofChinaasagall-
makerontwigsofthebungehackberrytreeCeltisbungeanaBlume(Ulmaceae).
ThisisthefirsteverreportofamemberofOrmyridaebeingparasiticofweevils.
O.coccotorithushaspotentialforbiologicalcontroloftheweevil.Typespeci-
mensaredepositedintheInsectCollectionMuseumoftheChineseAcademyof
Forestry.
YaoYan-xiaandYangZhong-qi,ResearchInstituteofForestProtection,Chinese
AcademyofForestry,HaidianDistrict,Beijing100091,China;*Corresponding
author’se-mail:[email protected],[email protected]
Received30June2003,accepted24November2003
1.Introduction 9.2%oftheparasitoidsrearedfromBeijingCity
andtheShandongProvince,respectively.
Chen (1993) recently described Coccotorus TheOrmyridaeiscomposedofthreegenera,
chaoi Chen (Coleoptera: Curculionidae) from thecosmopolitangenusOrmyrusWestwoodand
China. This weevil occurs throughout most of twomonotypicgenera,EubeckerellaNarendran
China from the provinces of Guangdong to (1999) from Malaysia and Ormyrulus Boucek
Liaoning and makes galls on the twigs of the (1986) fromIndia. Narendran (1999) keyed the
bunge hackberry tree Celtis bungeana Blume threegeneraandrevisedtheIndo-Australianspe-
(Ulmaceae)(Wang1992).Inmanyareasthegalls cies of Ormyrus, including four species known
occur on nearly all twigs of the attacked trees fromChina.Afterstudyofthespecimensreared
(Fig. 1) and greatly influence tree growth. The fromC.chaoi,weconcludethattheserepresent
weevil is considered a severe pest, as bunge anothernewspeciesofOrmyrusfromChina.
hackberry is an important ornamental tree in Ofthe122describedspeciesofOrmyruswith
China. Asurvey of beneficial parasitoids of the knownhosts,allaregallmakersbelongingtothe
weevilwasconductedbetween1997and2000in families Cynipidae, Eurytomidae, Pteromalidae
asearchforbiologicalcontrolagentsformanage- (Hymenoptera), Agromyzidae, Cecidomyiidae,
mentofthepest.Severalparasitoidswererecov- Tephritidae (Diptera) or Thripidae (Thysa-
ered, of which a species of Ormyridae (Hyme- noptera)(Narendran1999,Noyes2002).Hostsof
noptera: Chalcidoidea) represented 30% and Eubeckerella are unknown, but Ormyrulus are
ENTOMOL.FENNICAVol.15 (cid:127) Ormyridaeparasitizingagall-makingweevil 143
Fig.1.GallsmadebyCoccotoruschaoiontwigsofCeltisbungeana.
parasitoids of a gall midge (Diptera: Cecido-
myiidae)(Boucek1986).Consequently,thenew
speciesdescribedhereinisthefirstrecordofan
ormyridparasitizingagall-makingweevil.Itmay
havehighpotentialasabiologicalcontrolagent
oftheweevilpest.
2.Materialandmethods
The material studied was reared from galls of
Coccotorus chaoi on twigs of Celtis bungeana.
Over 1500 galls were collected from Fragrant
Hill Park, Beijing, and Changqing, Shandong
Fig.2.Ormyruscoccotorisp.n.Female,frontview.
Province, and placed in glass jars for rearing in
thelaboratory.Specimenswereexaminedwitha
MoticSMZ-140stereomicroscopeandaHitachi HillPark,Beijing,YaoYan-xia,YangZhong-qi
S-450wasusedtoobtainscanningelectronpho- and Feng Ya-li Co., 25 April 2002, ex galls of
tomicrographs of the parasitoid. Morphological Coccotorus chaoi on twigs of Celtis bungeana.
terms used follow Boucek (1988) and Hanson Paratypes: 67 (cid:1), 37 (cid:2) with same data as holo-
(1992).Typematerialofthenewspeciesisdepos- type;75(cid:1),46(cid:2)withsamedataasholotypeex-
itedintheInsectCollectionMuseumoftheChi- ceptcollectiondate24April2001;20(cid:1),10(cid:2),
neseAcademyofForestry. Changqing, Shandong Province, Zhao Dai and
YaoYan-xiaCo.,15May1997,exgallsofsame
host.
3.Description,biologyanddistri- Description. Female: Body length 4.2–6.2
butionofOrmyruscoccotorisp.n. mm. Body golden green except as follows: an-
tennafuscouswithgreenmetallictintonscape;
OrmyruscoccotoriYao&Yang,sp.n. coxaeandfemoraofsamecolorasbody;trochan-
(Figs.2–9) ters dark brown; fore leg with tibia brown dor-
sallybutknee,apexandventralhalf,andtarsus,
Etymology. The species epithet is derived from yellow-brown; mid leg with basal half of tibia
thegenericnameofitsonlyknownhost. yellow and apical half fuscous, mesotibial spur
Material examined. Holotype (cid:1): Fragrant andmesotarsuslightyellowexcepttipoftarsus
144 Yao&Yang (cid:127) ENTOMOL.FENNICAVol.15
space0.46timesheightofeye;antennalscrobes
moderately large, shallow and polished, dorsal
margin not touching median ocellus, separated
fromocellusbydistanceaboutequaltodiameter
ofocellus;lowerfacewithdistinct,closestrigae
arranged in a semicircle, these being broken at
clypeus, the area between antennal toruli and
strigaesmooth;face,parascrobalarea,andvertex
with sparse hairs and shallow piliferous punc-
tures.
Antenna (Fig. 3) with scape 0.7 times the
Fig.3.Ormyruscoccotorisp.n.Femaleantenna.
heightoftheeye, apexextendingtolevelequal
withdorsalmarginofantennalscrobes,andwith
brownish;thetibiaofhindlegbrown,havingtwo a longitudinal keel along its ventral margin;
spurs concolor with tibia, and hindtarsus light lengthofpedicelplusflagellum0.9timeswidth
yellow;wingshyalinewithbrownvenation. of head; pedicel 1.7 times as long as wide; first
Headindorsalviewabout0.9timesaswideas anelluslamellate,secondanellustwiceaslongas
mesosoma and 2.1–2.2 times as wide as long, first anellus and 1.7 times as wide as long;
lengthoftemple0.25heightofeye,andPOL2.4 flagellum stout, compact, with each funicular
timesOOL;occipitalcarinaweakandextending segmentquadrateandofaboutsamelength;clava
ventrallytoaboutmidwaybetweenvertexandfo- withsegmentspoorly separated,lengthequalto
ramen magnum; vertex transversely strigate. thatofcombinedlengthoftwoprecedingfunicu-
Headinfrontalview(Fig.2)1.3timesaswideas larsegmentsandnotwiderthanfunicle.
high;distancebetweeneyesabout1.3timesown Mesosoma(Fig.4)inlateralviewwithdorsal
height;antennaltorulisituatedaboveventralmar- surface strongly convex, resulting in anterior
ginofeyes;clypeustrapezoidwithanteriormar- margin of pronotum being in line with ventral
gin slightly produced and sub-truncate; malar margin of gaster (Fig. 4a); mesosoma in lateral
Fig.4.Ormyruscoccotorisp.
n.,female.–a.Body,lateral
view.–b.Mesonotumand
propodeum,dorsalview.–c.
Scutellumandpropodeum,
dorsalview.–d.Headand
mesosoma,lateralview.
ENTOMOL.FENNICAVol.15 (cid:127) Ormyridaeparasitizingagall-makingweevil 145
Fig.5.Ormyruscoccotorisp.n.,female.–a.Foreleg Fig.6.Ormyruscoccotorisp.n.,female.–a.Fore
withoutcoxa.–b.Hindleg. wing.–b.Hindwing.
view1.3timesaslongashighandindorsalview length of three subsequent segments (Fig. 5a).
1.3timesaslongaswide. Pronotumandmeso- Middle leg with basitarsus 1.2 times as long as
scutumwithhairsanddense,transversestrigae. combined length of two subsequent segments,
Pronotumabout0.3timesaslongasmesonotum, and with mesotibial spur 0.6 times length of
collar gradually inclined from neck without basitarsus.Hindlegwithlargemetacoxahaving
pronotal carina, and with posterior margin obliquestrigaeinbasalhalfandreticulatesculp-
emarginate medially. Mesonotum (Fig. 4b) 1.3 tureinapicalhalf,andwithsharpkeelalongdor-
times as wide as long; notauli shallow but per- salmargin(Fig.4d);metafemurwithventralmar-
current; scutellum 1.35 times as long as wide, ginforminganarrowflangeandwithtwocurved
about as long as mesoscutum, with dense hairs metatibialspurs,theinnerspurtwiceaslongas
andwithstrigaearrangedinasemicircletowards outer spur and 0.7 times as long as basitarsus;
themedianposteriormargin,roundedposteriorly basitarsusaslongascombinedlengthoftwosub-
andwithaprominent,lamella-likeflangehaving sequentsegments(Fig.5b).
about 10 longitudinal carinae, the flange about Fore wing (Fig. 6a) with costal cell having
1/8 as long as scutellum and projecting over two complete rows of hairs on ventral surface
propodeum (Fig. 4c). Mesopleuron smooth and nearanteriormargin,moredenselypubescentin
polished but anteriorly with distinct, complete, apicalthird,butdorsalsurfacebare;submarginal
obliquepleuralridge(Fig.4d).Metapleuronwith vein with 26–31 setae, mostly 28; basal cell
verticallyarrangedstrigae. closedandbasalveinwith7–9setae,cubitalvein
Propodeum steeply sloping, with two sub- with2–3setaedistallyandbareproximally,with
mediancarinaedivergingposteriorly,thecarinae arowof6–12hairswithinbasalcellonventral
surroundingapolishedmedianareawithseveral surface;speculumnarrowandclosedposteriorly
weak,obliquecarinae;laterallywithoblique,lon- by hairsindicatingcubitalvein,andwithsmall,
gitudinalstrigae;spiracularsulcusdeepandcom- sparsely scattered hairs on ventral surface;
plete; spiracle elliptical and situated at anterior forewingdiscwithbarebandseparatingmarginal
margin; callus with dense short hairs, the hairs vein from otherwise densely pubescent dorsal
clearly shorter than those on mesoscutum and surface of disc; relative length of submarginal:
scutellum,andwithposteriorhalfstrongly con- marginal:stigmal:postmarginalveins=76:46:7:
vexsoastoformlargetubercleatposterolateral 10;stigmafalciformwithadistinctpetiole.Hind
corner. wing(Fig.6b)barebehindsubmarginalvein,oth-
Frontlegwithbasitarsusaslongascombined erwisewithsmall,palehairs.
146 Yao&Yang (cid:127) ENTOMOL.FENNICAVol.15
reticulations erased in basal half to third of Gt1
andveryweakalongposteriormarginofGt1and
Gt2 medially; Gt1 and Gt2 with hairs laterally;
Gt3–Gt5withadorsomedialcarinaandexposed
large fovea located near anterior margin of re-
spective tergite, most of the fovea usually cov-
eredbythepreceedingtergite(onlyonerowvisi-
blesubmediallyonGt3andGt4,morefoveavisi-
bleonGt5),Gt3–Gt5alsowithanoblique,trans-
verserow oflongitudinal ribs, each rib apically
withaprominentseta,andwithsmallerandmore
irregular ribs and scattered setae laterally; Gt6
andepipygiumalsowithirregularribsandsetae
laterally,theribsobsolescentatposteriorquarter
of Gt6 and anterior fifth of epipygium; Gt6 not
constricteddorsally,inlateralviewdorsalmargin
in continuous plane with epipygium (Fig. 7);
epipygium 1.7–1.8 times as long as height ba-
sally;cercuswithallsetaeaboutthesamelength.
Ovipositorsheathsprotrudingposteriorly.Rela-
tivelengthsofGt1-epipygium:ovipositorsheaths
Fig.7.Ormyruscoccotorisp.n.,female.–a.Gaster, =48:10:26:27:38:64:44:20.Hypopygiumex-
laterailview.–b.Body,lateralview. tendingabout0.2lengthofgaster.
Male (Figs. 8–9). Body length 2.4–3.5 mm,
others features similar to female except as fol-
Gaster lanceolate, acuminate and slightly lows: antenna with apical 4 funicular segments
compressed (Fig. 7); 2.0–2.2 times as long as subquadrate,slightlywiderthanlong(10:9)(Fig.
combinedlengthofheadandmesosoma,indorsal 8a);facewithlowerfourfifthhavingclosestrigae
view 4.2 times as long as wide. Gastral tergites as in female, but the upper striga carinated
(Gt)dorsallywithdense,raisedreticulations,the semicircledly;notaulipercurrentbutfaint;gaster
Fig.8.Ormyruscoccotorisp.
n.,male.–a.Antenna.–b.
Body,lateralview.–c.
Gaster,dorsalview.
ENTOMOL.FENNICAVol.15 (cid:127) Ormyridaeparasitizingagall-makingweevil 147
Biology.Thisnewspeciesistheonlyspecies
ofOrmyrusknowntohavebeenrearedfromwee-
vilgalls.Thespeciesisasinglekoinobiontecto-
parasitoidofthelarvaofCoccotoruschaoi.Ithas
twogenerationsperyearandoverwintersasama-
turelarvainsidethehostgallandpupatesatthe
endofAprilnextyear.Theadultofthisgenera-
tionemergesfromlateMaytomiddleJune.The
newlyemergedfemalewaspbeginstomateand
layseggontheyounglarvaofthesamehostspe-
cies soon after emergence. After hatching the
parasitoid larva attaches to its host to consume
andfinallykillsit.Theadultsofthefirstgenera-
tionemergefromearlyJulytomiddleAugustand
theiroffspringagainareparasiticonthehostlar-
vaeinalaterinstar.Thehosthasonegeneration
peryear.Theparasitoidlarvakillsitshostlaterin
Octoberandoverwintersasmaturelarvabeside
thehostmummyinthegall.
Distribution.KnownfromBeijingandShan-
Fig.9.Ormyrus
dongProvinceinChina,butpossiblyhavingthe
coccotorisp.n.,
samedistributionasitshostweevil,C.chaoi.
malehindleg
withoutcoxa.
Acknowledgements. We wish to thank Dr. Gary Gibson
(Fig.8c)short,only1.1timescombinedlengthof CanadianNationalCollectionofInsects(CNC),Agricul-
ture and Agri-Food Canada, Ottawa, for reviewing the
head and gaster, broadly rounded laterally and
manuscript,andMrs.FengYa-liandMr.ZhaoDaiforhelp
slightly depressed, without dorsomedial carina,
in the investigation, especially with collecting the pest
with only Gt3 and Gt4 having prominent fovea gallsandrearingoftheparasitoid.
over basalthirdofGt3andalmostbasalhalfof
Gt4,apicallygastertruncatewithepipygiumven-
traltoGt6. References
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