Table Of ContentA Handbook of Leisure Studies
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A Handbook
of Leisure Studies
Edited by
Chris Rojek
Faculty of Law and Social Science, Brunel University, West London, UK
Susan M. Shaw
Department of Recreation and Leisure Studies, University of Waterloo, Ontario, Canada
A. J. Veal
School of Leisure, Sport and Tourism, University of Technology, Sydney, Australia
Selection, editorial matter and chapter 1 © Chris Rojek, Susan M. Shaw and
A. J. Veal, 2006
All other chapters © Palgrave Macmillan Ltd 2006
All rights reserved. No reproduction, copy or transmission of this publication
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First published 2006 by
PALGRAVE MACMILLAN
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175 Fifth Avenue, New York, N.Y. 10010
Companies and representatives throughout the world
PALGRAVE MACMILLAN is the global academic imprint of the
Palgrave Macmillan division of St Martin’s Press LLC and of
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ISBN 978-1-4039-0279-5 ISBN 978-0-230-62518-1 (eBook)
DOI 10.1057/9780230625181
This book is printed on paper suitable for recycling and made from fully
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A catalogue record for this book is available from the British Library.
Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data
A handbook of leisure studies / edited by Chris Rojek, Susan M. Shaw, A.J. Veal.
p. cm.
Includes bibliographical references and index.
1. Leisure––Research. I. Rojek, Chris. II. Shaw, Susan M., 1946– III. Veal,
Anthony James.
GV14.5.H245 2006
790.107'2––dc22
2006043215
10 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1
15 14 13 12 11 10 09 08 07 06
Contents
Notes on Contributors vii
1. Introduction: Process and Content 1
Chris Rojek, Susan M. Shaw and A. J. Veal
Part 1: Origins
2. Leisure, Culture and Civilization 25
Chris Rojek
3. Anthropology/Pre-History of Leisure 41
Garry Chick
4. The History of Western Leisure 55
Benjamin K. Hunnicutt
5. Non-Western Traditions: Leisure in India 75
Kumkum Bhattacharya
Part 2: Key Disciplines
6. Sociology and Cultural Studies 93
Hugo van der Poel
7. Psychology and Social Psychology and the Study of Leisure 109
Roger C. Mannell, Douglas A. Kleiber and Marianne Staempfl i
8. Geographies of Leisure 125
David Crouch
9. Economics of Leisure 140
A. J. Veal
10. The Duality of Leisure Policy 162
Fred Coalter
Part 3: Axial Principles
11. Leisure and Time 185
Jiri Zuzanek
12. Overturning the Modernist Predictions: Recent Trends in Work and
Leisure in the OECD 203
Juliet B. Schor
13. Leisure and Gender: Challenges and Opportunities for Feminist
Research 216
Karla A. Henderson and Susan M. Shaw
14. Leisure and Ageing 231
Yvonne Harahousou
vi A Handbook of Leisure Studies
15. Race and Leisure 250
Valeria J. Freysinger and Othello Harris
16. A Touch of Class 271
Chas Critcher
17. Leisure and Subculture 288
Chris Jenks
18. Leisure and Consumption 304
Daniel Thomas Cook
19. Leisure, Mass Communications and Media 317
David Rowe
Part 4: Leisure Forms and Settings
20. Sport and Sport Studies 335
Susan Birrell
21. The Arts and Entertainment: Situating Leisure in the Creative
Economy 354
Deborah Stevenson
22. Outdoor Recreation 363
John M. Jenkins and John J. Pigram
23. Tourism 386
Adrian Franklin
24. Eating Out and the Appetite for Leisure 404
Joanne Finkelstein and Rob Lynch
25. Family Leisure 417
Maureen Harrington
26. Leisure and Education 433
Atara Sivan
27. Serious Leisure 448
Robert A. Stebbins
Part 5: Indexical Themes
28. Representation 459
Chris Rojek
29. Identity 475
Chris Rojek
30. The Concept of Praxis: Cultural Studies and the Leisure Industries 491
Chris Barker
31. Articulation 504
David Harris
32. Community 518
Alison Pedlar and Lawrence Haworth
33. Resistance 533
Susan M. Shaw
Index 547
Notes on Contributors
Chris Barker is Associate Professor in the Communications and Cultural Studies
Program at the University of Wollongong, Australia. He has written extensively in
the fi eld of media and cultural studies and his books include: Television, Globalization
and Cultural Identities (1999); Cultural Studies: Theory and Practice (2000); Making
Sense of Cultural Studies: Central Problems and Critical Debates (2002); and The Sage
Dictionary of Cultural Studies (2004). He is currently conducting research concerned
with the intersection of culture, identity and emotion.
Kumkum Bhattacharya is Professor in the Department of Social Work, Visva-
Bharati University, India, founded by Rabindranath Tagore. She has conducted
research among the Santals, the third largest tribe in India and among minority
groups. She has published research in the fi eld of culture and personality studies.
Susan Birrell is a Professor in the Departments of Health and Sport Studies, Women’s
Studies, and American Studies at the University of Iowa, USA. She studies sport
and cultural reproduction from a critical cultural studies perspective. She co-edited
Reading Sport (2000) with Mary McDonald and Women, Sport and Culture (1994)
with Cheryl Cole. Her current research project explores the cultural meanings of
mountaineering by focusing on narratives about Mt Everest.
Garry Chick is Professor in the Department of Recreation, Park and Tourism
Management at the Pennsylvania State University, USA. He holds a PhD in
anthropology from the University of Pittsburgh and is a past-president of the
Society for Cross-Cultural Research and the Association for the Study of Play. His
recent publications include: The Encyclopedia of Leisure and Recreation in America
(co-editor, 2004) and a chapter on cultural constraints on leisure (with Erwei Dong)
inConstraints on Leisure (ed. E. Jackson, 2005).
Fred Coalter is Professor of Sports Policy in the Centre for Sports Research, University
of Stirling, Scotland, and was formerly Director of the Centre for Leisure Research
at the University of Edinburgh (1990–2003) and Director of the Centre for Leisure
and Tourism Studies at the Polytechnic of North London (1986–1990). He is an
Honorary Fellow of the Institute of Leisure and Amenity Management and a Fellow
of the Academy of Leisure Sciences. He has published widely in the area of sport
and leisure policy, including Recreational Welfare (1988), and Freedom and Constraint:
The Paradoxes of Leisure (ed., 1989).
Daniel Thomas Cook is Associate Professor of advertising and communications at
the University of Illinois, USA. He is the author of The Commodifi cation of Childhood
vii
viii A Handbook of Leisure Studies
(2004), which explores the rise of children as consumers, and editor of Symbolic
Childhood (2002), a compendium of original research addressing the politics of
representation of children. His articles have appeared in academic journals such
asLeisure Sciences, Sociological Quarterly and the Journal of Consumer Culture and in
more popular publications like Global Agenda (2006) and LiP Magazine.
Chas Critcher is Professor of Communications and Head of the Humanities
Research Centre at Sheffi eld Hallam University, UK. He is author/editor of The
Devil Makes Work (1985); Sociology of Leisure: A Reader (1995); Out of the Ashes?
Decline and Regeneration in Britain’s Mining Communities (2001); and Moral Panics
and the Media (2003).
David Crouch is Professor of Cultural Geography, Tourism and Leisure, and Director
of The Culture, Lifestyle and Landscape Research Centre at the University of Derby.
He is author/editor of: Leisure/ Tourism Geographies (1999); Visual Culture and Tourism
(2003); and The Media and the Tourist Imagination: Convergent Cultures (2005). He is co-
editor of Leisure Studies and has published numerous articles and chapters on cultural
geography, leisure, tourism, space and performance and research methods.
Joanne Finkelstein is Executive Dean and Professor in the Faculty of Arts, Education,
Human Development, Victoria University, Australia. She is author of: The Sociological
Bent : Inside Metro Culture (with Susan Goodwin, 2005); After a Fashion (1996); Slaves
of Chic: An A-Z of Consumer Pleasures (1994); The Fashioned Self (1991); and Dining
Out: A Sociology of Modern Manners (1989).
Adrian Franklin is Professor of Sociology in the School of Sociology and Social
Work, University of Tasmania, Australia. His current interests include tourism theory,
place making and the wider ordering effects of tourism. He is Editor of Tourist Studies
and author of: Animals and Modern Cultures (1999); Nature and Social Theory (2002);
Tourism: An Introduction (2003); and Animals Nation: The True Story of Animals and
Australia (2006).
Valeria J. Freysinger is Associate Professor in the Department of Physical Education,
Health, and Sport Studies at Miami University of Ohio, USA. Her scholarly interests
include leisure and life course development/ageing and social (in)equality in leisure
(specifi cally, gender, race and age inequalities). She is a co-author of Both Gains and
Gaps: Feminist Perspectives on Women’s Leisure (1995) and 21st Century Leisure: Current
Issues (2000) and author of a number of book chapters and articles on leisure and
life course development/ageing.
Yvonne Harahousou is a Professor in the Department of Physical Education and
Sports Sciences in Democritus University of Thrace, Greece. Her research interests are
in the area of sports sociology, leisure and physical activity. She is a board member of
the Women Sport International Association, Chair of the World Leisure Committee
on Leisure in Later Life and President of the Hellenic Association for Advancing
Contributors ix
Women and Sport. She has published a number of research papers on women and
sport and leisure and the elderly. Her current projects explore the ‘ageing well’ issue
cross-culturally and ageing and physical activity.
Maureen Harrington is Senior Lecturer in the Department of Tourism, Leisure,
Hotel and Sport Management, and team leader of the Work and Life Balance stream
of the Centre for Work, Leisure and Community Research at Griffi th University,
Australia. Her most recent publication, ‘Sport and Leisure as Contexts for Fathering
in Australian Families’, appeared in a special issue of Leisure Studies on Fathering
through Leisure (2006).
David Harris is Senior Lecturer in the School of Sport, Physical Education and
Leisure, College of St Mark and St John, UK. He is the author of several textbooks,
includingFrom Class Struggle to the Politics of Pleasure (1992),Teaching Yourself Social
Theory (2003) and Key Concepts in Leisure Studies (2005), and has contributed to
the UK Higher Education Academy’s website on Leisure, Hospitality and Tourism
Education. He has his own website at <http://www.arasite.org>.
Othello Harris is Associate Professor in the Departments of Physical Education,
Health and Sport Studies and Black World Studies at Miami University, Ohio, USA.
His research interests include race relations, social stratifi cation and race and sport
involvement. He is co-editor of two books: Encyclopedia of Ethnicity and Sports in
the United States (2000) and Impacts of Incarceration on the African American Family
(2002). His work has been published in journals such as: The Black Scholar;Sociology
of Sport Journal;Journal of Social and Behavioral Sciences; Journal of African American
Men; Masculinities; and Sociological Focus.
Lawrence Haworth is Distinguished Professor Emeritus at the University of Waterloo,
Canada, and is a Fellow of the Royal Society of Canada. He is the author of books
on work and leisure, the idea of autonomy, risk assessment and the philosophy of
the city, among others. Most recently he co-authored A Textured Life: Empowerment
and Adults with Developmental Disabilities (1999).
Karla A. Henderson is Professor in the Department of Parks, Recreation and Tourism
Management at North Carolina State University, USA. She has been active in many
professional organizations, including President of the Academy of Leisure Sciences
and the Society of Park and Recreation Educators, has published in a number of
professional journals and is currently co-editor of Leisure Sciences. She has been
co-author of several books including Both Gains and Gaps: Feminist Perspectives on
Women’s Leisure (1995); Introduction to Recreation and Leisure Services; and Evaluating
Leisure Services: Making Enlightened Decisions (1996). Her research interests include
gender and diversity, physical activity and active living, youth development and
camping, and qualitative research approaches.
