A COMPANION TO THE ANCIENT GREEK LANGUAGE

699 Pages·2012·3.46 MB·English

A COMPANION TO THE ANCIENT
GREEK LANGUAGE
BLACKWELL COMPANIONS TO THE ANCIENT WORLD
This series provides sophisticated and authoritative overviews of periods of ancient history, genres of classi-
cal literature, and the most important themes in ancient culture. Each volume comprises between twenty-
five and forty concise essays written by individual scholars within their area of specialization. The essays are
written in a clear, provocative, and lively manner, designed for an international audience of scholars, stu-
dents, and general readers.
ANCIENT HISTORY A Companion to the Classical Tradition
Published Edited by Craig W. Kallendorf
A Companion to Roman Rhetoric
A Companion to the Roman Army
Edited by William Dominik and Jon Hall
Edited by Paul Erdkamp
A Companion to Greek Rhetoric
A Companion to the Roman Republic
Edited by Ian Worthington
Edited by Nathan Rosenstein and Robert M orstein-Marx
A Companion to Ancient Epic
A Companion to the Roman Empire
Edited by David S. Potter Edited by John Miles Foley
A Companion to the Classical Greek World A Companion to Greek Tragedy
Edited by Konrad H. Kinzl Edited by Justina Gregory
A Companion to the Ancient Near East
Edited by Daniel C. Snell A Companion to Latin Literature
Edited by Stephen Harrison
A Companion to the Hellenistic World
Edited by Andrew Erskine A Companion to Greek and Roman Political Thought
Edited by Ryan K. Balot
A Companion to Late Antiquity
Edited by Philip Rousseau A Companion to Ovid
Edited by Peter E. Knox
A Companion to Ancient History
Edited by Andrew Erskine A Companion to the Ancient Greek Language
Edited by Egbert Bakker
A Companion to Archaic Greece
Edited by Kurt A. Raaflaub and Hans van Wees A Companion to Hellenistic Literature
Edited by Martine Cuypers and James J. Clauss
A Companion to Julius Caesar
Edited by Miriam Griffin A Companion to Vergil’s Aeneid and its
Tradition
A Companion to Byzantium
Edited by Joseph Farrell and Michael C. J. Putnam
Edited by Liz James
A Companion to Horace
In preparation Edited by Gregson Davis
A Companion to Ancient Macedonia In preparation
Edited by Ian Worthington and Joseph Roisman
A Companion to Food in the Ancient World
A Companion to the Punic Wars Edited by John Wilkins
Edited by Dexter Hoyos
A Companion to the Latin Language
A Companion to Ancient Egypt Edited by James Clackson
Edited by Alan Lloyd
A Companion to Classical Mythology
A Companion to Sparta Edited by Ken Dowden and Niall Livingstone
Edited by Anton Powell
A Companion to Sophocles
Edited by Kirk Ormand
LITERATURE AND CULTURE
A Companion to Aeschylus
Published Edited by Peter Burian
A Companion to Classical Receptions
A Companion to Greek Art
Edited by Lorna Hardwick and Christopher Stray
Edited by Tyler Jo Smith and Dimitris Plantzos
A Companion to Greek and Roman Historiography
Edited by John Marincola A Companion to Families in the Greek and Roman World
Edited by Beryl Rawson
A Companion to Catullus
Edited by Marilyn B. Skinner A Companion to Tacitus
A Companion to Roman Religion Edited by Victoria Pagán
Edited by Jörg Rüpke
A Companion to the Archaeology of the Ancient Near
A Companion to Greek Religion East
Edited by Daniel Ogden Edited by Daniel Potts
A COMPANION TO
THE ANCIENT
GREEK
LANGUAGE
Edited by
Egbert J. Bakker
A John Wiley & Sons, Ltd., Publication
This edition first published 2010
© 2010 Blackwell Publishing Ltd
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Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data
A companion to the ancient Greek language / edited by Egbert J. Bakker.
p. cm. – (Blackwell companions to the ancient world)
Includes bibliographical references and index.
ISBN 978-1-4051-5326-3 (hardcover : alk. paper) 1. Greek language–History. 2. Greek philology.
I. Bakker, Egbert J.
PA227.C58 2010
480.9–dc22
2009020154
A catalogue record for this book is available from the British Library.
Set in 10/12.5pt Galliard by SPi Publisher Services, Pondicherry, India
Printed in Singapore
I 2010
Contents
List of Figures viii
List of Tables ix
Notes on Contributors xii
Symbols Used xviii
Abbreviations of Ancient Authors and Works xix
Abbreviations of Modern Sources xxviii
Linguistic and Other Abbreviations xxxv
1 Introduction 1
Egbert J. Bakker
PART I The Sources 9
2 Mycenaean Texts: The Linear B Tablets 11
Silvia Ferrara
3 Phoinikeīa Grammata: An Alphabet for the Greek Language 25
Roger D. Woodard
4 Inscriptions 47
Rudolf Wachter
5 Papyri 62
Arthur Verhoogt
6 The Manuscript Tradition 69
Niels Gaul
PART II The Language 83
7 Phonology 85
Philomen Probert
vi Contents
8 Morphology and Word Formation 104
Michael Weiss
9 Semantics and Vocabulary 120
Michael Clarke
10 Syntax 134
Evert van Emde Boas and Luuk Huitink
11 Pragmatics: Speech and Text 151
Egbert J. Bakker
PART III Greek in Time and Space: Historical and
Geographical Connections 169
12 Greek and Proto-Indo-European 171
Jeremy Rau
13 Mycenaean Greek 189
Rupert Thompson
14 Greek Dialects in the Archaic and Classical Ages 200
Stephen Colvin
15 Greek and the Languages of Asia Minor to the
Classical Period 213
Shane Hawkins
16 Linguistic Diversity in Asia Minor during the Empire:
Koine and Non-Greek Languages 228
Claude Brixhe
17 Greek in Egypt 253
Sofía Torallas Tovar
18 Jewish and Christian Greek 267
Coulter H. George
19 Greek and Latin Bilingualism 281
Bruno Rochette
PART IV Greek in Context 295
20 Register Variation 297
Andreas Willi
21 Female Speech 311
Thorsten Fögen
22 Forms of Address and Markers of Status 327
Eleanor Dickey
23 Technical Languages: Science and Medicine 338
Francesca Schironi
Contents vii
PART V Greek as Literature 355
24 Inherited Poetics 357
Joshua T. Katz
25 Language and Meter 370
Gregory Nagy
26 Literary Dialects 388
Olga Tribulato
27 The Greek of Epic 401
Olav Hackstein
28 The Language of Greek Lyric Poetry 424
Michael Silk
29 The Greek of Athenian Tragedy 441
Richard Rutherford
30 Kunstprosa: Philosophy, History, Oratory 455
Victor Bers
31 The Literary Heritage as Language: Atticism and
the Second Sophistic 468
Lawrence Kim
PART VI The Study of Greek 483
32 Greek Philosophers on Language 485
Casper C. de Jonge and Johannes M. van Ophuijsen
33 The Birth of Grammar in Greece 499
Andreas U. Schmidhauser
34 Language as a System in Ancient Rhetoric
and Grammar 512
James I. Porter
PART VII Beyond Antiquity 525
35 Byzantine Literature and the Classical Past 527
Staffan Wahlgren
36 Medieval and Early Modern Greek 539
David Holton and Io Manolessou
37 Modern Greek 564
Peter Mackridge
Bibliography 588
Index 639
List of Figures
4.1 The Phanodikos inscription 51
4.2 The Telesinos inscription 52
4.3 Attic black-figure cup with nonsense inscriptions 57
7.1 Possible arrangement of long and short vowels in early
fifth-century Attic 97
9.1 Template for semantic structure of a lexical item 126
9.2 Prototype semantics of τρέφω 127
9.3 Breakdown of the semantic structure of τρέφω 128
9.4 Prototype semantics of τυγχάνω 130
9.5 Diachronic development of English bit 131
16.1 Map of Asia Minor in the imperial period 229
33.1 The division of philosophy according to Chrysippus 503
34.1 Jakobson’s communication model 513