5th FORUM ON NEW MATERIALS PART C Proceedings of the 5th Forum on New Materials, part of CIMTEC 2010-12 th International Ceramics Congress and 5th Forum on New Materials Montecatini Terme, Italy, June 13-18, 2010

336 Pages·2010·36.687 MB·English

by  Edited by Pietro VINCENZINI World Academy of Ceramics and National Research Council, Italy Co-edited by Kunihito KOUMOTO, Nagoya University, Japan Nicola ROMEO, University of Parma,

5th FORUM ON NEW
MATERIALS
PART C
5th FORUM ON NEW
MATERIALS
Proceedings of the 5th Forum on New Materials, part of CIMTEC 2010-12 th
International Ceramics Congress and 5th Forum on New Materials
Montecatini Terme, Italy, June 13-18, 2010
PART C
including:
Symposium FE – Advances in Materials and Technologies for Efficient Direct
Thermal-to-Electrical Energy Conversion
Symposium FG – Photovoltaic Solar Energy Conversion: Materials and
Technology Challenges
Symposium FH – Concentrating Solar Technologies: Materials and Technology
Solutions for CPV and CSP Competitiveness

Edited by
Pietro VINCENZINI
World Academy of Ceramics and
National Research Council, Italy
Co-edited by
Kunihito KOUMOTO, Nagoya University, Japan
Nicola ROMEO, University of Parma, Italy
Mark MEHOS, NREL, USA

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PREFACE

CIMTEC 2010 was held in Montecatini Terme, Italy on June 6-18, 2010. This high qualitative and
comprehensive congressional event, similarly to the previous editions, has been designed to encompass and
derive synergism from a broad interdisciplinarity network capable of offering opportunities for identifying and
exploring new directions for research and production. The above based on the view that ongoing and future
innovations require at an ever increasing extent a complex array of interconnections among scientific research,
innovating technology and industrial infrastructure.

CIMTEC 2010 consisted of two major events: the 12th INTERNATIONAL CERAMICS CONGRESS (June 6-
11, 2010) and the 5th FORUM ON NEW MATERIALS (June 13-18, 2010). The World Academy of Ceramics
and the International Ceramic Federation (ICF) acted as principal endorsers for the first one, and the
International Union of Materials Research Societies (IUMRS) for the FORUM.

The 12th INTERNATIONAL CERAMICS CONGRESS included 12 International Symposia, two Focused
Sessions and two Serial International Conferences (“Disclosing Materials at Nanoscale” and “Advanced
Inorganic Fibre Composites for Structural and Thermal Management Applications”) which covered recent
progress in almost all relevant fields of ceramics science and technology. The 5th FORUM ON NEW
MATERIALS consisted of 11 International Symposia primarily concerned with energy technologies, one
Focused Session and two Serial International Conferences (“Science and Engineering of Novel
Superconductors” and “Medical Applications of Novel Biomaterials and Nano-biotechnology”).

A balanced, high quality programme of invited and contributed papers resulted from the over one thousand and
seven hundred scientific and technical contributions effectively presented during the working days to a large
international audience coming from fifty-seven countries throughout the world.

The 15 volumes which constitute the Official Proceedings of CIMTEC 2010 (10 for the Ceramics Congress, 5
for the Forum) include a selection of the papers presented. Having most of them been written by authors whose
mother tongue is not English, considerable revision of the original texts was often required. The partial
reworking of several papers and sometimes even complete rewriting was needed to make clear work valid as
regards the technical content but difficult to understand because of lack of proficiency in the English language.
Even so, in order to allow the scientific and technical community to have access to the proceedings volumes
within a reasonable length of time, compromise was necessary in regard to the quality of writing, and papers
containing language imperfections were considered acceptable provided that their technical content was
adequate and easily understandable.

The Editor, who also acted as the Chairman of CIMTEC 2010, would like to express his sincere appreciation to
all the Institutions and Professional Organizations involved in the congress, to the members of the International
Advisory Committees, the National Coordinating Committees, the Co-Chairs Prof. Akio Makishima (Japan) for
the INTERNATIONAL CERAMICS CONGRESS and Prof. Robert P.H. Chang (USA) for the FORUM ON
NEW MATERIALS, the Programme Chairs, the Lecturers, the technical staff of Techna Group, and to the many
others who directly or indirectly contributed to the organization. Indeed it was mainly through the involvement
of the above bodies and individuals, and the active participation of most internationally qualified experts from
major academic and government research institutes and industrial R&D centers that a very valuable scientific
programme could be arranged.

It is therefore expected for the Proceedings of CIMTEC 2010-12th INTERNATIONAL CERAMICS
CONGRESS & 5th FORUM ON NEW MATERIALS to constitute a further valuable contribution to the
literature in the field.

P. VINCENZINI
World Academy of Ceramics
Emeritus Research Manager
National Research Council of Italy
th
5 FORUM ON NEW MATERIALS

Chairman
Pietro VINCENZINI, Italy

Co-Chair
Robert P.H. CHANG, USA

Symposium FE – Advances in Materials and Technologies for Efficient Direct
Thermal-to-electrical Energy Conversion

Programme Chair and Co-Chair
Kunihito KOUMOTO, Japan

Co-Chairs
David Michael ROWE, UK Ali SHAKOURI, USA

Members
Lukian Ivanovich Anatychuk, Ukraine Viatcheslav Andreev, Russia Hiroaki Anno, Japan Theodorian
Borca-Tasciuc, USA Harald Böttner, Germany Thierry Caillat, USA S.K. Chou, Singapore Ryoji
Funahashi, Japan David C. Johnson, USA Tsuyoshi Kajitani, Japan Mercouri Kanatzidis, USA Holger
Kleinke, Canada Heiner Linke, USA Antoine Maignan, France Mamoun Muhammed, Sweden Eckhard
Müller, Germany George S. Nolas, USA Michitaka Ohtaki, Japan Peter Franz Rogl, Austria Brian C.
Sales, USA Hubert Scherrer, France Ryosuke Suzuki, Japan Ichiro Terasaki, Japan Janusz Tobola,
Poland Terry M. Tritt, USA Ctirad Uher, USA Rama Venkatasubramanian, USA Anke Weidenkaff,
Switzerland Krzysztof T. Wojciechowski, Poland Jihui Yang, USA Veljko Zlatic, Croatia

Symposium FG – Photovoltaic Solar Energy Conversion: Materials and
Technology Challenges

Programme Chair
Nicola ROMEO, Italy

Co-Chairs
Paul DASTOOR, Australia Michael GRÄTZEL, Switzerland
Lawrence L. KAZMERSKI, USA Makoto KONAGAI, Japan

Members
Timothy J. Anderson, USA Harry A. Atwater, USA Guillermo Carlos Bazan, USA Carlo Alberto
Bignozzi, Italy David Carlson, USA Richard Corkish, Australia Silvia Destri, Italy Bernhard Dimmler,
Germany Ken Durose, UK Chris Ferekides, USA Carlo Flores, Italy Alex Freundlich, USA Stefan W.
Glunz, Germany Huey-Liang Hwang, Taiwan Ghassan E. Jabbour, USA Ladislav Kavan, Czech
Republic Valdotas Kazukauskas, Lithuania Dong-Hwan Kim, Korea Kwanghee Lee, Korea Antonio
Luque, Spain Tom Markvart, UK Qingbo Meng, P.R. China Steven A. Ringel, USA Francesco Roca,
Italy Hans-Werner Schock, Germany Ruud E.I. Schropp, The Netherlands Carole Sentein, France Wim
Sinke, The Netherlands Jinsoo Song, Korea Hideki Sugihara, Japan Sam-Shajing Sun, USA Ayodhya
Tiwari, Switzerland Marko Topic, Slovenia Takahiro Wada, Japan Wenjing Wang, P.R. China Tadeusz
Zdanowicz, Poland Yuwen Zhao, P.R. China
Symposium FH – Concentrating Solar Technologies: Materials and Technology
Solutions for CPV and CSP Competitiveness

Programme Chair and Co-Chair
Mark MEHOS, USA

Co-Chairs
Viatcheslav ANDREEV, Russia Antonio LUQUE, Spain Robert PITZ-PAAL, Germany

Members
Atsuki Akisawa, Japan Kenji Araki, Japan Santanu Bandyopadhyay, India Vittorio Brignoli, Italy
Bruno D’Aguanno, Italy Alain Dollet, France N.J. Ekins-Daukes, UK Giuseppe Gabetta, Italy Henner
Gladen, Germany Giorgio Graditi, Italy Andreas Haeberle, Germany Andreas Hauer, Germany Jorge
M. Huacuz Villamar, Mexico Jacob Karni, Israel Sivanappan Kumar, Thailand Cherng-Tsong Kuo,
Taiwan Sarah R. Kurtz, USA Giuliano Martinelli, Italy Diego Martinez, Spain Anton Meier,
Switzerland Leonardo Merlo, Italy David R. Mills, USA Hans-Dieter Mohring, Germany Werner
Platzer, Germany Xavier Py, France Volker Quaschning, Germany Carlos Ramos, Mexico K. Srinivas
Reddy, India Valery D. Rumyantsev, Russia Franziska Scheffler, Germany S.A. Sherif, USA Robert
Soler, France Pascal Stouffs, France Martha Symko-Davies, USA Rainer Tamme, Germany Bernard
Thonon, France Gianluca Timò, Italy Bae-Heng Tseng, Taiwan Wim Van Helden, The Netherlands
Mauro Vignolini, Italy Zhifeng Wang, P.R. China Roland Winston, USA Dong Zhang, P.R. China
Table of Contents
Preface
Committees
SECTION I – MATERIALS FOR DIRECT THERMAL-TO-
ELECTRICAL ENERGY CONVERSION
Multi-Layered Thermoelectric Power Generator
R.O. Suzuki 1
Theoretical Performance Characteristics of Wearable Thermoelectric Generators
V. Leonov 9
Study and Design for High Thermoelectric Properties for Ag Te Tl Compound with First
x y z
Principle Band Calculation
H. Funashima and N. Hamada 15
Effect of Cobalt-Substitution on the Structure and Thermoelectric Properties of Chimney-
Ladder Solid Solution (Mn Co )Si (γ~ 1.7)
1-x x γ
Y. Miyazaki, Y. Saito, K. Hayashi, K. Yubuta and T. Kajitani 22
Effect of Strontium and Europium Substitutions on Thermoelectric Properties in Silicon-
Based Clathrate Compounds
H. Anno, T. Nakabayashi and M. Hokazono 26
Thermoelectric Properties of the Heavy Element Doped Heusler Fe VAl Alloy Prepared by
2
Powder Metallurgy Technique
M. Mikami, K. Kobayashi and S. Tanaka 32
The Evaluation of TiTe as a Diffusion Barrier in the Formation of Low Thermal
2
Conductivity Nanolaminates with Bi Te and Sb Te
2 3 2 3
C. Mortensen, P. Zschack and D.C. Johnson 38
Structural Characterization of Nano-Crystalline Mg Si Prepared by Ball Milling
2
M. Ioannou, E. Hatzikraniotis, C.B. Lioutas, K.M. Paraskevopoulos and T. Kyratsi 48
High-Temperature Transport Properties of Indium Added Cobalt-Antimonide Based
Skutterudites Processed by Current Assisted Short-Term Sintering
A. Sesselmann, R. Hassdorf, S. Zastrow and E. Müller 54
Raman Spectroscopy Study on Na Mn Fe O Oxides
2/3 1-x x 2
M. Sendova-Vassileva, R. Stoyanova, D. Carlier, M. Yoncheva, E. Zhecheva and C. Delmas 60
Thermoelectric Iron Oxides
T. Kajitani, T. Nozaki and K. Hayashi 66
Thermoelectric Generating Properties of Perovskite Like Materials
H. Kohri, M. Kato, I.J. Ohsugi and I. Shiota 72
Improved Thermoelectrics Based on Bismuth and Antimony Chalcogenides for
Temperatures below 240 K
L.N. Lukyanova, V.A. Kutasov, P.P. Konstantinov and V.V. Popov 77
Thermoelectric Application for Power Generation in Japan
T. Kajikawa 83
Modular Combustor-Radiator for Micro-TPV System Application
S.K. Chou, W.M. Yang and J. Li 93
SECTION II – MATERIALS FOR PHOTOVOLTAIC SOLAR
ENERGY CONVERSION
II-1 Crystalline Cells and Thin Film Photovoltaics
Ultrapurification of Silicon for Photovoltaic Applications
C. del Cañizo, G. del Coso and A. Luque 99
P and Al Diffusion Process for Thin Si Wafers Studied by SEM and EDX
E. Ochoa-Martínez, A. Merchan, R. Romero, M. Gabas, L. Martínez, F. Martín, D. Leinen and
J.R. Ramos-Barrado 107
b 5th FORUM ON NEW MATERIALS PART C
Adhesion and Barrier Properties Analysis of Silica-Like Thin Layer on Polyethylene
Naphthalate Substrates for Thin Film Solar Cells
M.L. Addonizio and L. Fusco 113
Investigation of Thin Film Solar Cells on CdS/CdTe Base with Different Back Contacts
G. Khrypunov, A. Meriuts, H. Klochko, T. Shelest and A. Khrypunova 119
17.0% Aperture Area Module Efficiency Using Large mc-Si Metal-Wrap-Through Cells
A.W. Weeber, I.J. Bennett, C. Tjengdrawira, M.W.P.E. Lamers, A.A. Mewe, I.G. Romijn and
P.C. de Jong 124
Design Analysis of a-Si/c-Si HIT Solar Cells
M. Nawaz 131
Quantum Size Effects in a Si:H Films Prepared by PECVD with Different Hydrogen-
Diluted Silane
L. Prušaková, V. Vavruňková, M. Netrvalová, J. Müllerová and P. Šutta 137
II-2 Emerging and New Generation Solar Cells
Intermediate Band Solar Cells
A. Martí and A. Luque 143
Active Materials Based on Implanted Si for Obtaining Intermediate Band Solar Cells
K. Sánchez, I. Aguilera, P. Palacios and P. Wahnón 151
Tandem Dye-Sensitized Solar Cells Consisting of Floating Electrode Supported by Non-
Conductive Glass Mesh
K. Uzaki, S.S. Pandey, Y. Ogomi and S. Hayase 157
The Influence of the Fullerene on the Optical Constants of the Photoactive Blend Film of a
Polymer Solar Cell
P. Morvillo, E. Bobeico and S. Esposito 164
The Suitability of Organic Solar Cells for Different Indoor Conditions
B. Minnaert and P. Veelaert 170
Optimizing Quantum Dot Solar Concentrators with Thin Film Solar Cells
W.G.J.H.M. van Sark, C. De Mello Donegá and R.E.I. Schropp 176
Thin-Film Silicon Solar Cells Using Back Reflector with Embedded Metal Nanoparticles
R.R. Liang, R. Santbergen and M. Zeman 182
SECTION III – MATERIALS FOR CONCENTRATING SOLAR
TECHNOLOGIES
III-1 CPV Materials and Technologies
Improved Concentration Capabilities of Flat-Plate Fresnel Lenses
M.Z. Shvarts and A.A. Soluyanov 188
Optical Methods for Indoor Characterization of Small-Size Solar Concentrators Prototypes
A. Parretta, A. Antonini, M.A. Butturi, E. Milan, P. Di Benedetto, D. Uderzo and P. Zurru 196
Assessment of a Phase Change Material (PCM) System for Moderating Temperature Rise
of Solar Cells under Concentrated Sunlight
E. Casenove, L. Pujol, A. Vossier, A. Perona, V. Goetz and A. Dollet 205
CPV Modules Based on Lens Panels
V.D. Rumyantsev, Y.V. Ashcheulov, N.Y. Davidyuk, E.A. Ionova, P.V. Pokrovskiy, N.A.
Sadchikov and V.M. Andreev 211
Solar Divergence Collimators for Collector Tests
E. Sani, P. Sansoni, D. Fontani, F. Francini, L. Mercatelli and D. Jafrancesco 219
Improvement of Radiation Resistance of Multijunction GaInP/Ga(In)As/Ge Solar Cells with
Application of Bragg Reflectors
V.M. Lantratov, V.M. Emelyanov, N.A. Kalyuzhnyy, S.A. Mintairov and M.Z. Shvarts 225
AlGaAs/GaAs Photovoltaic Cells with InGaAs Quantum Dots
V.M. Lantratov, S.A. Mintairov, S.A. Blokhin, N.A. Kalyuzhnyy, N.N. Ledentsov, M.V.
Maximov, A.M. Nadtochiy, A.S. Pauysov, A.V. Sakharov and M.Z. Shvarts 231
III-2 CSP Materials and Technologies
Pietro VINCENZINI, Kunihito KOUMOTO, Nicola ROMEO and Mark MEHOS c
Material and Design Requirements for Advanced Concentrators
R. Pitz-Paal and E. Lüpfert 237
New Method to Characterize Phase Change Materials
E. Palomo Del Barrio and J.L. Dauvergne 243
Solar-Thermal Energy Conversion and Storage: Conductive Heat Transfer Using Self-
Assembled Bulk Graphite
C.C. Sorrell, T.C. Palmer, L.J. Bowen and A. Nakaruk 253
PCM-Graphite Latent Heat Storage Systems for Industrial Process Heat Recovery
R. Schmitt, O. Öttinger, W.D. Steinmann and M. Johnson 259
Test Facility for Absorber Specimens of Solar Tower Power Plants
K. Geimer, M. Sauerborn, B. Hoffschmidt, M. Schmitz and J. Göttsche 266
Overview of PCMs for Concentrated Solar Power in the Temperature Range 200 to 350°C
T. Bauer, D. Laing and R. Tamme 272
III-3 CPV and CSP Application
Building Integration Solutions for CPV
D. Chemisana Villegas 278
On-Sun Performance of FLATCON® CPV Systems
A. Gombert, I. Heile, J. Wüllner, T. Gerstmaier, S. van Riesen, E. Gerster and M. Röttger 288
A CPV System Based on NIR Reflecting Lamellae Integrated into a Greenhouse:
Optimizing of Optics
P. Sonneveld and G.J. Swinkels 297
Solar Thermochemical Production of Fuels
A. Meier and A. Steinfeld 303
Optical and Thermal Characterization of Solar Receivers for Parabolic Trough Collectors
M. Sanchez, E. Mateu, D. Perez, P. García, F. Villuendas, C. Heras and R. Alonso 313