XML in a nutshell

714 Pages·2004·8.393 MB·English

by  Elliotte Rusty Harold, W Scott Means

XML
IN A NUTSHELL
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XML
IN A NUTSHELL
Third Edition
Elliotte Rusty Harold
and W. Scott Means
Beijing • Cambridge • Farnham • Köln • Paris • Sebastopol • Taipei • Tokyo
XML in a Nutshell, Third Edition
by Elliotte Rusty Harold and W. Scott Means
Copyright © 2004, 2002, 2001 O’Reilly Media, Inc. All rights reserved.
Printed in the United States of America.
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June 2002: Second Edition.
September 2004: Third Edition.
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This book uses RepKover™, a durable and flexible lay-flat binding.
ISBN-10: 0-596-00764-7
ISBN-13: 978-0-596-00764-5
[M] [8/07]
Chapter1
Table of Contents
Preface . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . xiii
PartI. XML Concepts
1. Introducing XML . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3
The Benefits of XML 3
What XML Is Not 5
Portable Data 6
How XML Works 7
The Evolution of XML 8
2. XML Fundamentals . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 12
XML Documents and XML Files 12
Elements, Tags, and Character Data 13
Attributes 16
XML Names 18
References 20
CDATA Sections 21
Comments 22
Processing Instructions 22
The XML Declaration 24
Checking Documents for Well-Formedness 26
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3. Document Type Definitions (DTDs). . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 28
Validation 29
Element Declarations 37
Attribute Declarations 42
General Entity Declarations 49
External Parsed General Entities 50
External Unparsed Entities and Notations 52
Parameter Entities 53
Conditional Inclusion 56
Two DTD Examples 56
Locating Standard DTDs 59
4. Namespaces . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 60
The Need for Namespaces 60
Namespace Syntax 63
How Parsers Handle Namespaces 68
Namespaces and DTDs 69
5. Internationalization . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 71
Character-Set Metadata 71
The Encoding Declaration 72
Text Declarations 73
XML-Defined Character Sets 74
Unicode 74
ISO Character Sets 77
Platform-Dependent Character Sets 78
Converting Between Character Sets 79
The Default Character Set for XML Documents 80
Character References 81
xml:lang 84
PartII. Narrative-Like Documents
6. XML as a Document Format . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 89
SGML’s Legacy 89
Narrative Document Structures 90
TEI 92
DocBook 95
OpenOffice 98
WordprocessingML 101
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Document Permanence 105
Transformation and Presentation 107
7. XML on the Web . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 110
XHTML 111
Direct Display of XML in Browsers 117
Authoring Compound Documents with Modular XHTML 122
Prospects for Improved Web Search Methods 139
8. XSL Transformations (XSLT) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 144
An Example Input Document 144
xsl:stylesheet and xsl:transform 145
Stylesheet Processors 147
Templates and Template Rules 148
Calculating the Value of an Element with xsl:value-of 150
Applying Templates with xsl:apply-templates 151
The Built-in Template Rules 154
Modes 157
Attribute Value Templates 159
XSLT and Namespaces 159
Other XSLT Elements 161
9. XPath . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 162
The Tree Structure of an XML Document 162
Location Paths 165
Compound Location Paths 170
Predicates 171
Unabbreviated Location Paths 172
General XPath Expressions 175
XPath Functions 178
10. XLinks . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 183
Simple Links 183
Link Behavior 185
Link Semantics 187
Extended Links 188
Linkbases 195
DTDs for XLinks 196
Base URIs 197
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11. XPointers. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 200
XPointers on URLs 200
XPointers in Links 202
Shorthand Pointers 203
Child Sequences 204
Namespaces 205
Points 205
Ranges 207
12. XInclude . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 212
The include Element 212
Including Text Files 214
Content Negotiation 215
Fallbacks 216
XPointers 217
13. Cascading Style Sheets (CSS) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 219
The Levels of CSS 221
CSS Syntax 221
Associating Stylesheets with XML Documents 223
Selectors 225
The Display Property 228
Pixels, Points, Picas, and Other Units of Length 229
Font Properties 230
Text Properties 231
Colors 233
14. XSL Formatting Objects (XSL-FO) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 234
XSL Formatting Objects 235
The Structure of an XSL-FO Document 237
Laying Out the Master Pages 238
XSL-FO Properties 244
Choosing Between CSS and XSL-FO 249
15. Resource Directory Description Language (RDDL) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 251
What’s at the End of a Namespace URL? 251
RDDL Syntax 252
Natures 256
Purposes 257
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