Digital Modulation Techniques, Second Edition

1039 Pages·2006·11.9 MB·English

by  Fuqin Xiong

Digital Modulation Techniques
Second Edition
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Digital Modulation Techniques
Second Edition
Fuqin Xiong
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International Standard Book Number: 1-58053-863-0
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Contents

Preface xvii
Chapter 1 Introduction 1
1.1 Digital Communication Systems 1
1.2 Communication Channels 4
1.2.1 Additive White Gaussian Noise Channel 4
1.2.2 Bandlimited Channel 6
1.2.3 Fading Channel 7
1.3 Basic Modulation Methods 7
1.4 Criteria of Choosing Modulation Schemes 9
1.4.1 Power Efficiency 10
1.4.2 Bandwidth Efficiency 10
1.4.3 System Complexity 11
1.5 Overview of Digital Modulation Schemes and Comparison 12
References 17
Selected Bibliography 17

Chapter 2 Baseband Modulation (Line Codes) 19
2.1 Differential Coding 20
2.2 Description of Line Codes 24
2.2.1 Nonreturn-to-Zero Codes 26
2.2.2 Return-to-Zero Codes 27
2.2.3 Pseudoternary Codes (Including AMI) 28
2.2.4 Biphase Codes (Including Manchester) 29
2.2.5 Delay Modulation (Miller Code) 29
2.3 Power Spectral Density of Line Codes 30
2.3.1 PSD of Nonreturn-to-Zero Codes 32
2.3.2 PSD of Return-to-Zero Codes 36
2.3.3 PSD of Pseudoternary Codes 37
2.3.4 PSD of Biphase Codes 39

v
vi Digital Modulation Techniques

2.3.5 PSD of Delay Modulation 42
2.4 Bit Error Rate of Line Codes 45
2.4.1 BER of Binary Codes 46
2.4.2 BER of Pseudoternary Codes 51
2.4.3 BER of Biphase Codes 56
2.4.4 BER of Delay Modulation 59
2.5 Substitution Line Codes 59
2.5.1 Binary N-Zero Substitution Codes 60
2.5.2 High Density Bipolar n Codes 62
2.6 Block Line Codes 64
2.6.1 Coded Mark Inversion Codes 65
2.6.2 Differential Mode Inversion Codes 71
2.6.3 mBnB Codes 73
2.6.4 mB1C Codes 76
2.6.5 DmB1M Codes 78
2.6.6 PFmB(m+1)B Codes 79
2.6.7 kBnT Codes 80
2.7 Pulse Time Modulation 83
2.7.1 Formats of Pulse Time Modulation 84
2.7.2 Spectra of Pulse Time Modulation 88
2.7.3 Performance of Pulse Time Modulation 91
2.8 Summary 93
References 95
Selected Bibliography 98

Chapter 3 Frequency Shift Keying 99
3.1 Binary FSK 99
3.1.1 Binary FSK Signal and Modulator 99
3.1.2 Power Spectral Density 104
3.2 Coherent Demodulation and Error Performance 107
3.3 Noncoherent Demodulation and Error Performance 110
3.4 M-ary FSK 114
3.4.1 MFSK Signal and Power Spectral Density 114
3.4.2 Modulator, Demodulator, and Error Performance 116
3.5 Demodulation Using Discriminator 127
3.6 Synchronization 133
3.7 Summary 133
References 134
Selected Bibliography 134
Contents vii

Chapter 4 Phase Shift Keying 135
4.1 Binary PSK 135
4.2 Differential BPSK 141
4.3 M-ary PSK 148
4.4 PSD of MPSK 159
4.5 Differential MPSK 160
4.6 Quadrature PSK 166
4.7 Differential QPSK 173
4.8 Offset QPSK 180
4.9 p /4-QPSK 183
4.10 Synchronization 191
4.10.1 Carrier Recovery 192
4.10.2 Clock Recovery 196
4.10.3 Effects of Phase and Timing Error 197
4.11 Summary 201
Appendix 4A Derivation of p(j /H ) 203
i
References 205
Selected Bibliography 205

Chapter 5 Minimum Shift Keying and MSK-Type Modulations 207
5.1 Description of MSK 208
5.1.1 MSK Viewed as a Sinusoidal Weighted OQPSK 208
5.1.2 MSK Viewed as a Special Case of CPFSK 213
5.2 Power Spectrum and Bandwidth 215
5.2.1 Power Spectral Density of MSK 215
5.2.2 Bandwidth of MSK and Comparison with PSK 216
5.3 Modulator 219
5.4 Demodulator 222
5.5 Synchronization 226
5.6 Error Probability 228
5.7 Serial MSK 231
5.7.1 SMSK Description 231
5.7.2 SMSK Modulator 233
5.7.3 SMSK Demodulator 235
5.7.4 Conversion and Matched Filter Implementation 239
5.7.5 Synchronization of SMSK 243
5.8 MSK-Type Modulation Schemes 243
5.9 Sinusoidal Frequency Shift Keying 248
5.10 Simon’s Class of Symbol-Shaping Pulses 252
5.11 Rabzel and Pasupathy’s Symbol-Shaping Pulses 259
viii Digital Modulation Techniques

5.12 Bazin’s Class of Symbol-Shaping Pulses 262
5.13 MSK-Type Signal’s Spectral Main Lobe 266
5.14 Summary 268
References 269
Selected Bibliography 270

Chapter 6 Continuous Phase Modulation 271
6.1 Description of CPM 272
6.1.1 Various Modulation Pulse Shapes 273
6.1.2 Phase and State of the CPM Signal 277
6.1.3 Phase Tree and Trellis and State Trellis 281
6.2 Power Spectral Density 284
6.2.1 Steps for Calculating PSDs for General CPM
Signals 286
6.2.2 Effects of Pulse Shape, Modulation Index, and
A Priori Distribution 288
6.2.3 PSD of CPFSK 289
6.3 MLSD for CPM and Error Probability 291
6.3.1 Error Probability and Euclidean Distance 293
6.3.2 Comparison of Minimum Distances 297
6.4 Modulator 298
6.4.1 Quadrature Modulator 298
6.4.2 Serial Modulator 304
6.4.3 All-Digital Modulator 307
6.5 Demodulator 309
6.5.1 Optimum ML Coherent Demodulator 309
6.5.2 Optimum ML Noncoherent Demodulator 313
6.5.3 Viterbi Demodulator 323
6.5.4 Reduced-Complexity Viterbi Demodulator 329
6.5.5 Reduction of the Number of Filters for LREC CPM 332
6.5.6 ML Block Detection of Noncoherent CPM 337
6.5.7 MSK-Type Demodulator 338
6.5.8 Differential and Discriminator Demodulator 342
6.5.9 Other Types of Demodulators 345
6.6 Synchronization 349
6.6.1 MSK-Type Synchronizer 349
6.6.2 Squaring Loop and Fourth-Power Loop
Synchronizers 352
6.6.3 Other Types of Synchronizers 353
6.7 Gaussian Minimum Shift Keying (GMSK) 354
Contents ix

6.8 Summary 358
References 359

Chapter 7 Multi-h Continuous Phase Modulation 363
7.1 MHPM Signal, Phase Tree, and Trellis 363
7.2 Power Spectral Density 373
7.3 Distance Properties and Error Probability 378
7.4 Modulator 394
7.5 Demodulator and Synchronization 394
7.5.1 A Simple ML Demodulator for Multi-h Binary
CPFSK 394
7.5.2 Joint Demodulation and Carrier Synchronization of
Multi-h CPFSK 400
7.5.3 Joint Carrier Phase Tracking and Data Detection of
Multi-h CPFSK 404
7.5.4 Joint Demodulation, Carrier Synchronization, and
Symbol Synchronization of M-ary Multi-h CPFSK 405
7.5.5 Synchronization of MHPM 410
7.6 Improved MHPM Schemes 411
7.6.1 MHPM with Asymmetrical Modulation Indexes 412
7.6.2 Multi-T Realization of Multi-h Phase Codes 413
7.6.3 Correlatively Encoded Multi-h Signaling Technique 413
7.6.4 Nonlinear Multi-h CPFSK 415
7.7 Summary 415
Appendix 7A Orthonormal Base Functions 416
References 420
Selected Bibliography 422

Chapter 8 Amplitude Shift Keying 423
8.1 Pulse Amplitude Modulation 424
8.1.1 Power Spectral Density 424
8.1.2 Optimum Detection and Error Probability 425
8.2 Bipolar Symmetrical MASK 427
8.2.1 Power Spectral Density 427
8.2.2 Modulator and Demodulator 429
8.2.3 Error Probability 433
8.3 Unipolar M-ary ASK 434
8.3.1 Power Spectral Density 436
8.3.2 Modulator and Demodulator 436
8.3.3 Error Probability of Coherent Demodulation 437
8.3.4 Error Probability of Noncoherent Demodulation 439