Women and War: A Historical Encyclopedia from Antiquity to the Present

842 Pages·2006·5.03 MB·English

by  Bernard Cook

W o m e n
a n d W a r

W o m e n
a n d W a r
A Historical Encyclopedia
from Antiquity to the Present
v o l u m e o n e
B e r n a r d A . C o o k , E d i t o r
Santa Barbara, California Denver, Colorado Oxford, England
Copyright © 2006 by ABC-CLIO
All rights reserved. No part of this publication may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system, or
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Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data is available from the Library of Congress.
ISBN 1-85109-770-8 1-85109-775-9 (e-book)
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To my children, Bernie and Jennifer;
their spouses, Jen and Bora;
and my grandchildren, Lucy and Emmett

C o n t e n t s
Foreword, Judith Lawrence Bellafaire, xxvii
Acknowledgments, xxix
Introduction, Bernard A. Cook, xxxi
Topic Finder, xxxix
V O L U M E O N E
A
Addams, Jane (1860–1935), 1
Afghanistan, 2
Agustina de Aragón (née Agustina Zaragoza y Domenech) (1786–1857), 4
AIDS, War and the Spread of, 6
Aishah (Aisha) (ca. 614–648), 7
Alexandra, Czarina of Russia (1872–1918), 8
Algeria, Women in the War of National Liberation, 9
Allen, Eliza (b. 1826), 11
Amazons, 12
American Revolution, Role of Women in the, 13
Andean Rebellion of the Eighteenth Century, 15
Anderson, Louisa Garrett (1873–1943), 18
Arab-Israeli Wars, 19
| vii |
Contents
Argentina, Dirty War against Civilians, 22
Argentina, Mothers of the Plaza de Mayo, 24
Armenian Holocaust, 26
Armenian Women Victims of Genocide, 29
Artemisia of Caria, 31
Ashwari, Hanan (1946– ), 32
Ashwell, Lena Margaret Pocock (1872–1957), 33
Atkins, Vera H. (1908–2000), 34
Aubrac, Lucie (b. 1912), 35
Australia, Women in Service during World War II, 36
Australian Army Nursing Service (AANS)/Royal Australian Army Nursing
Corps (RAANC), 37
Avenger Field, 38
“Axis Sally” (Mildred Elizabeth Gillars) (1901–1988), 39
Azurduy de Padilla, Juana (1781–1862), 40
B
Baader-Meinhof Gang, 43
Baez, Joan Chandos (1941– ), 44
Bagot, Lady Theodosia (1865–1940), 46
Bailey, Anne Trotter (ca. 1742–1825), 46
Baissac, Lise de (1905–2004), 48
Baker, E. H. (Mrs.) (n.d.), 48
Balch, Emily Green (1867–1961), 49
Balkan Wars, 50
Ballestrem-Solf, Countess Lagi (ca. 1919–1955), 52
Barry, James Miranda (1795–1865), 53
Barton, Clara (1821–1912), 54
Baseden, Yvonne (1922– ), 56
Baumgartner, Ann (b. 1918), 57
| viii |
Contents
Beatty, Bessie (1886–1947), 58
Beekman, Yolande (1911–1944), 59
Belgium, Women during World War I, 60
Bell, Gertrude Margaret Lowthian (1868–1926), 63
Bennett, Agnes Elizabeth Lloyd (1872–1960), 63
Bilien, Valentina (n.d.), 64
Biological Warfare Experimentation, Japanese, 65
Black, Catherine (b. 1883), 65
Black Sash, 66
Blackwell, Elizabeth (1821–1910), 67
Blanche of Castile (1188–1252), 67
Bochkareva, Maria (Mariya or Yasha) (b. 1889), 68
Bonney, Therese (1894–1978), 70
Borden, Mary (1886–1968), 71
Borginis, Sarah (1812–1886), 72
Borrel, Andrée (1919–1944), 73
Boudicca, Queen of the Iceni (d. ca. 60–61), 74
Bourke-White, Margaret (1904–1971), 76
Bower, Ursula Graham (1914–1988), 76
Boyd, Isabelle (Belle) (1843–1900), 77
Brant, Mary (Molly) (ca. 1735–1796), 79
Braun, Eva (1912–1945), 80
Braunsteiner, Hermine (1920–1999), 81
Bray, Linda (1960– ), 82
Brewer, Lucy (b. ca. 1793), 83
Brion, Hélène (1882–1962), 84
Brittain, Vera Mary (1893–1970), 85
Brown, Mary-Agnes (1902–1998), 86
Brown, Ruth Humphries (1920– ), 87
Bruskina, Masha (1924–1941), 88
Bubley, Esther (1921–1998), 89
| ix |
Contents
Buch, Eva Maria (1921–1943), 90
Bulgaria, Women and World War II, 90
Bulgarian Horrors, 91
Bullwinkel, Vivian (1915–2000), 93
Bunke, Tamara (1937–1967), 95
Byck, Muriel (1918–1944), 95
C
Campaign for Nuclear Disarmament (CND) and the Greenham
Common Women, 97
Cannan, May Wedderburn (1893–1973), 98
Catt, Carrie Chapman (née Clinton Lane) (1859–1947), 99
Cavell, Edith Louisa (1865–1915), 100
Chamberlain (Tamblin), Margaret Lenora (1918– ), 102
Chapelle, Dickey (Georgia Lou Meyer, G. L. Meyer) (1919–1965), 102
Chechnya, Impact on Women of Wars in, 103
Cherokee War Woman, 107
China, Women and the Communist Revolution, 107
China, Women on the Home Front in World War II, 110
China to 1911, Women Warriors in, 112
Chisholm, Mairi Lambert (1896–1981), 113
Churchill, Jennie (1854–1921), 114
Civil War, American, and Women, 115
Civil War, American, Women Combatants during the, 118
Civil War, American, Women in the Medical Services in the, 120
Clayton, Frances (n.d.), 122
Cleopatra VII, Queen of Egypt (69–30 B.C.), 123
Cochran, Jacqueline (ca. 1906–1980), 124
Colenso, Harriette (1847–1932), 125
Colombia, Women and Political Violence in, 126
| x |