When Sugar Ruled: Economy and Society in Northwestern Argentina, Tucuman, 1876-1916

249 Pages·2010·1.43 MB·English

by  Patricia Juarez-Dappe

When
Economy and
Sugar
Society in
Northwestern
Argentina,
Tucumán,
1876–1916
Ruled
Patricia Juarez-Dappe
When Sugar Ruled
Ohio University Research in International Studies
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When Sugar Ruled
Economy and Society in Northwestern
Argentina, Tucumán, 1876–1916
Patricia Juarez-Dappe
Ohio University Research in International Studies
Latin America Series No. 49
Ohio University Press
Athens
© 2010 by the
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Ohio University
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Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data
Juarez-Dappe, Patricia Isabel, 1965–
When sugar ruled : economy and society in northwestern Argentina, Tucumán, 1876–1916 /
Patricia Juarez-Dappe.
p. cm. — (Ohio University research in international studies, Latin America series ; No. 49)
Includes bibliographical references and index.
ISBN 978-0-89680-274-2 (pb : alk. paper) — ISBN 978-0-89680-463-0 (electronic)
1. Sugar trade—Argentina—Tucumán—History—19th century. 2. Sugar trade—Argentina—
Tucumán—History—20th century. 3. Tucumán (Argentina)—Economic conditions—19th century.
4. Tucumán (Argentina)—Economic conditions—20th century. 5. Tucumán (Argentina)—Social
conditions. 6. Tucumán (Argentina)—Politics and government. 7. Argentina—Politics and
government—1860–1910. 8. Argentina—Politics and government—1910–1943. I. Title.
HD9114.A72J83 2010
338.1'736109824309034—dc22
2009047876
To Pipo and
To my parents

Contents
List of Illustrations ix
Acknowledgments xi
Introduction: Setting the Stage 1
1. Foundations for Growth 8
2. The Sugar Industry and Tucumán’s Economy 33
3. Sugarcane Planters: Patterns of Production 55
4. Sugar Labor: Field and Factory Workers 87
5. Sugar and the Province 119
Conclusion: The World That Sugar Created 143
Appendix: Census Manuscript Schedules, 1869 and 1895 153
Notes 155
Glossary 205
Bibliography 207
Index 229
vii

Illustrations
Maps
0.1 Regions and provinces of Argentina 3
1.1 Railroad lines in Tucumán, 1895 27
2.1 Ingenios and sugarcane area, 1895 42
Figures
1.1 Rural area, 1870s 15
1.2 Tucumano carts 19
1.3 Downtown San Miguel 25
1.4 Sugarcane transport to an ingenio 29
2.1 Hacienda Esperanza, early 1870s 37
2.2 Ingenio Esperanza, 1894 40
2.3 Students of the Estación Experimental Agrícola 47
2.4 Sugarcane plantation 49
3.1 Ingenio Mercedes, 1910 57
3.2 Sugarcane plantation of Señor Attuvell 64
3.3 Colonos’ houses, early 1920s 69
3.4 Sugarcane and firewood transportation 71
3.5 Sugarcane planter’s family, Ingenio Trinidad, early 1920s 75
3.6 Carts loaded with sugarcane outside an ingenio 77
3.7 The end of the zafra, early 1920s 85
4.1 Workers from Santiago del Estero, October 1920 93
4.2 Hospital Ingenio Bella Vista, 1910s 97
4.3 A family of seasonal workers arriving at Ingenio Bella Vista 100
4.4 Permanent workers’ houses and owner’s chalet, Ingenio San
Pablo, 1910 107
ix