Western Europe, North America and Australasia. Western Europe, North America and Australasia

200 Pages·1989·22.66 MB·English

by  Rolf Bohme (Auth.)

INVENTORY OF
WORLD TOPOGRAPHIC MAPPING
VOLUME 1
Western Europe, North America and Australasia
Compiled by
ROLF BOHME
Published on behalf of the
INTERNATIONAL CARTOGRAPHIC ASSOCIATION
by
ELSEVIER APPLIED SCIENCE PUBLISHERS
LONDON and NEW YORK
ELSEVIER SCIENCE PUBLISHERS LTD
Crown House, Linton Road, Barking, Essex IGll 8JU, England
Sole Distributor in the USA and Canada
ELSEVIER SCIENCE PUBLISHING CO., INC.
655 Avenue of the Americas, New York, NY 10010, USA
WITH 127 ILLUSTRATIONS
© 1989 ELSEVIER SCIENCE PUBLISHERS LTD
British Library Cataloguing in Publication Data
Bohme, Rolf
Inventory of world topographic mapping.
Vol. 1, Western Europe, North America and Australasia
1. Maps
I. Title II. International Cartographic Association
912
ISBN 1-85166-357-6
Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data
Bohme, Rolf.
Inventory of world topographic mapping / Rolfe Bohme.
p. cm.
Bibliography: p.
Includes index.
Contents: Vol. 1. Western Europe, North America, and Australasia.
ISBN 1-85166-357-6 (v. 1)
1. Topographic maps—Bibliography—Catalogs. I. International
Cartographic Association. II. Title.
Z6028.B575 1989
[GA300]
016.912—<ic20 89-7760
CIP
No responsibility is assumed by the Publisher for any injury and/or damage to
persons or property as a matter of products liability, negligence or otherwise, or
from any use or operation of any methods, products, instructions or ideas contained
in the material herein.
Special regulations for readers in the USA
This publication has been registered with the Copyright Clearance Center Inc.
(CCC), Salem, Massachusetts. Information can be obtained from the CCC about
conditions under which photocopies of parts of this publication may be made in the
USA. All other copyright questions, including photocopying outside the USA,
should be referred to the publisher.
All rights reserved. No part of this publication may be reproduced, stored in a
retrieval system, or transmitted in any form or by any means, electronic,
mechanical, photocopying, recording, or otherwise, without the prior written
permission of the publisher.
Photoset and printed in Northern Ireland by The Universities Press (Belfast) Ltd.
Foreword
INVENTORY OF WORLD TOPOGRAPHIC MAPPING
Topographic mapping plays a basic and vital role within the extensive field
of cartography. However, in recent years this type of mapping, and also
'classical' cartography, have perhaps become somewhat neglected. It
appears that today the principal areas of interest, and the majority of new
publications, relate primarily to the numerous uses of thematic maps and
the potential afforded by the application of the developing technology of
computer-assisted cartography. This situation may well change in the near
future as a new generation of geographic information systems (GIS) is
gradually introduced world-wide which will require the utilisation of more
accurate topographic base data.
Available literature on topographic mapping is normally restricted to
details concerning the programmes of individual countries, and often
appears in the form of monographs. In many instances the only sources of
information are advertising materials or short national reports presented
to the General AssembUes of the International Cartographic Association
(ICA) or the Regional Cartographic Conferences of the United Nations
(UN). These presentations clearly illustrate that many countries are still
far from possessing complete coverage of their territories, and that the
maintenance of those sheets which are published leaves much to be
desired. When one considers the availabiUty of modern technical means
by which the situation could be remedied it must be concluded that the
present status of world topographic mapping is highly unsatisfactory. The
necessity for maps of this type cannot be over emphasised. They are
essential tools for use in development projects, resource exploitation, the
planning of construction and infrastructure, recreation, hiking and many
other activities relating to modern life.
Furthermore, topographic maps give a detailed illustration of the
relative degrees of development of areas within a landscape and are thus
unique in demonstrating the cultural status of a country. The nations of
the world which particularly stand out are those which have implemented
systematic plans for the topographic mapping of their territories, and also
recognised the economic value of regular and consistent maintenance of
the series produced. Available and up-to-date coverage is considered
essential by many nations which employ sophisticated modern techniques
to generate appropriate mapping. Finished products may be freely
available for consultation, selectively accessible, or not available to the
general public. Even in countries where topographic maps are 'secret'.
vi Foreword
sample extracts at specified scales are often included as illustrations in
atlases or materials designed for educational purposes. An awareness of
design quality and content is thus engendered, and it is possible to make
comparisons between the products of different nations. The general style
adopted for the representation of topographic features is virtually
universal but a consideration of local differences and the degree of
development of individual states can also be undertaken based on these
extracts.
The willingness of the majority of countries to make available materials
and up-to-date information, essential for the compilation of this work, is
greatly appreciated. It clearly demonstrates that contributors appreciate
the opportunity of demonstrating their abilities with respect to the
production of topographic mapping and their co-operation is gratefully
acknowledged.
Currently there is no other work employing the approach adopted in
assembling this Inventory, Existing publications tend to concentrate on
statistical data but this project includes more detailed descriptive
information which is illustrated with map extracts and indices to the main
map series demonstrating the present state of coverage. The author
considers that an understanding of cartography requires the incorporation
of illustrative graphics rather than merely explanatory text materials
relating to map presentations. It is fully accepted that the amount and
extent of a nation's map coverage is subject to change through time but it
is also believed that, in general, the descriptions contained in this volume
will remain relevant and valid for some years. Map series at large scale
normally consist of a significant number of individual sheets and these
cannot all be modified to be replaced overnight! However, it is also
appreciated that a complete description of all of the topographic mapping
activities of each of the included countries can never be presented because
of the unavailability of some information.
The ICA is delighted to have been associated with the proposal to
produce a work of this type. The ICA Publications Committee, under the
Chairmanship of Roger Anson and author Rolf Bohme (a Vice-President
of ICA from 1967 to 1984), have prepared this Inventory in association
with Elsevier Science Publishers Ltd. As a non-governmental, scientific
organisation, the ICA, which counts among its co-operating members
the majority of the map producing countries of the world, considers
that it is its duty to support the preparation of works of this type and to
make the contained information readily available to the public.
D. R. F. Taylor
President, International Cartographic Association
A u stria Osterreich
NATIONAL MAPPING ORGANISATION metric techniques for the production of con­
toured rather than hachured maps at both the
Bundesamt fur Eich- und Vermessungswesen— 1:25 000 and 1:50000 scales. The first sheets
Landesaufnahme (BEV), Krotenthallergasse 3, were published during 1923/24, but due to lack
A-1080 Wien. of financial resources progress was very slow.
After World War II reorganisation was
implemented with the 'Bundesamt fur Eich- und
HISTORY IN BRIEF Vermessungswesen' now taking the responsibility
for surveying and mapping. Emphasis was given
The regular surveying of Austria can be cited as to the completion of new series of maps at
one of the earliest, systematic, professional 1:25 000 and 1:50000. Existing sheets at
mapping exercises. The initial surveying of the 1:75 000 were revised to produce a provisional
then Austro-Hungarian Empire took place series at 1:50 000. When in 1959 the further
between 1764 and 1787, but the distribution of production of 1:25 000 mapping was cancelled
the resultant map sheets was restricted and not for budgetary reasons, the 213 sheet 1:50000
available to the public. With the improvement in series was promoted and finished in 1980. Some
investigative methods, and the availability of older sheets have now been recompiled using
instrumentation, the country was subsequently aerial photography and this programme was
resurveyed on a number of occasions. The completed in 1987. The old, hachured series at
so-called 'third survey' (1869-1887) introduced 1:200 000 has, since 1968, been superseded by a
the metric scale of 1:25 000 for survey and more modern edition incorporating contours.
1:75 000 for published material (Spezialkarte). With the exception of 3 sheets, the 23 sheet
When this series was finished in 1889 the country series is on hand, and the whole series is
was completely covered by a modern topographic expected to be complete before 1991. As
map. At the same time a general map at the intermediate scales were not available it was
1:200 000 scale (Generalkarte) was also compiled decided to publish enlarged versions of the
and depicted most of south-east Europe. A existing coverage at 1:50000 and 1:200 000 as
fourth survey was instituted in 1896, but was mapping at 1:25 000 and 1:100 000. These sheets
subsequently cancelled in 1915 because of World have been issued since 1978, and the series is to
War I. be completed by 1990. To demonstrate that they
After the cessation of hostilities only a small are enlargements a 'V (Vergrosserung =
part of the former Empire remained as Austria. enlargement) is added to the series designation.
The original mapping organisation, 'MiUtargeo- Each half of the original sheet is printed on the
graphisches Institut', which had existed since the front or back of a sheet at the new scale. For
time of Napoleon, became a civilian agency planning purposes a new map at 1:10000 scale
entitled *Kartographisches, fruher Militargeo- has also been introduced. The sheets consist of
graphisches Institut'. A programme was intro­ orthophotographs, together with additional de­
duced for the resurveying of the country at the tails and lettering, but do not include contours.
1:25 000 scale, and was based on photogram- The first sheet was pubUshed in 1977, and by
Austria
1986 more than a quarter of the total of about BEV (1966). 125 Jahre Hauptgebaude des Bundes-
3700 sheets were available. A single sheet, amtes fiir Eich- and Vermessungswesen 1841-1966,
general map of the country at 1:500000 was Festschrift, Wien.
BEV (1970). Die amtliche Kartographie Osterreichs.
produced in 1951; the most recent edition is
Bundesamt fiir Eich- und Vermessungswesen,
dated 1984.
Wien.
In order to enlarge the range of scales the
Mitter, J. (1970). Zur Entstehungsgeschichte des
preparation of a basic map at 1:5000 was started
Wiener Militargeographischen Institutes. Oster­
in 1984. One sheet of this map covers a quarter
reichische Zeitschrift fiir Vermessungswesen und
of the area of the 1:10000 scale map. The basic Photogrammetrie, 3.
map is produced in three different versions, Lengsfeld, E. (1972). Entwicklung der
orthophoto, contours and cadastral information, Osterreichischen Karte 1:200 000. Vermessungs-
which can be combined by overlaying each other. magazin, 4.
Wagner, W. (1973). Die osterreichische Kartographie
der Gegenwart. Kartographische Nachrichten, 9.
BEV (1973). 50 Jahre Bundesamt fur Eich- und
GOEDETIC DATA
Vermessungswesen, Festschrift, Wien.
Meckel, H. (1975). Die OK 50—ein osterreichisches
Gauss-Kruger projection; Bessel ellipsoid.
Qualitatserzeugnis. Eich- und Vermessungs-
magazin, 16.
Rabenstein, E. (1978). Die Osterreichische Luftbild­
MAP SCALES AND MAP SERIES
karte 1:10000 und ihre kartographische Bear-
beitung. Eich- und Vermessungsmagazin, 26.
Osterreichische Basiskarte 1:5000. Nowakowski, E. (1978). OK 25 V und OK 100 V,
Osterreichische Luftbildkarte 1:10000. neue Kartenserien unseres Amtes. Eich- und
Osterreichische Karte 1:25 000 V (enlargement Vermessungsmagazin, 27.
of 1:50000). BEV (1980). 75 Jahre Kartographie am Hamer-
Osterreichische Karte 1:50 000. lingplatz 1905-1980, Festschrift, Bundesamt fur
Eich- und Vermessungswesen, Wien.
Osterreichische Karte 1:100 000 V (enlargement
Wiesinger, F. (1983). Die Neugestaltung der
of 1:200000).
Osterreichischen Karte 1:50000 und 1:200000.
Osterreichische Karte 1:200 000.
Eich- und Vermessungsmagazin, 41.
Ubersichtskarte von Osterreich 1:500 000.
UN (1983). World topographic mapping 1980. In
World Cartography, Vol. XVII. United Nations,
New York.
BIBLIOGRAPHY Bernhard, J. (1984). Zur staatlichen Kartographie in
Osterreich. Kartographie der Gegenwart in
Milius, K. (1958). Das k.u.k. Militargeographisches Osterreich, Wien.
Institut. Osterreichische Zeitschrift fiir Vermessungs- Zierhut, H. (1986). Staatliche Kartenwerke. Eich-
weseriy Sonderheft, 19. und Vermessungsmagazin, 49.
Neumaier, K. (1958). Die osterreichische Landesauf- Parry, R. B. & Perkins, C. R. (1987). World Mapping
nahme seit 1945. Osterreichische Zeitschrift fiir Today. Butterworth & Co. (Publ.), Sevenoaks,
Vermessungswesen, Sonderhefty 19. Kent.
Austria
Map extracts
K|einp6chlarn
1:10 000
1:25 000V
Erlaut
1:50 000 1:100 000 V
1:200 000
1:500 000
Austria
Index sheets illustrating status of coverage (1987)
8
IIII34
I
64 65 1 66 67 68 69 70 71 72 73 74 75 I 76 77 78 79 80 81 82
1-5440 000
+ 5 400 000
+ 5 350 000
+ 5 300 000
+ 5 250 000
+ 5200 000
1-5160 000
1:10 000 (Extract) About 25% completed
Sheets published
Austria
1:25 000 V About 85% completed
1:50 000 All sheets published
Austria
17*ettl.L.v.er»«nwlch
4β·η.Β.
efll.L.v.F*rro
27-e,tl.Lv.F.rro 28^
Sheets published
1:100 000 V
1:200 000