Veterinary treatment of pigs

189 Pages·2013·3.33 MB·English

by  Duncanson

Veterinary Treatment of Pigs
I would like to dedicate this book to Alec Dawson MRCVS who was my guide and mentor
when I first returned to general practice in the UK in 1975. Although he was in his late sixties
he always kept updated and was always prepared to give helpful, friendly advice.
I had only been working for him for 4 weeks when he suggested that my knowledge
of pig medicine was rather limited. He showed me an advertisement for a two-day pig
medicine course advertised in the Veterinary Record. I duly attended at the practice expense.
That course and his knowledge were the foundation of my pig practice. I will always
remember him with gratitude.
Veterinary Treatment of Pigs
Graham R. Duncanson
Westover Veterinary Centre, UK
CABI is a trading name of CAB International
CABI CABI
Nosworthy Way 38 Chauncey Street
Wallingford Suite 1002
Oxfordshire OX10 8DE Boston, MA 02111
UK USA
Tel: [phone] Tel: [phone] (toll free)
Fax: [phone] Tel: [phone]
E-mail: [email protected] E-mail: [email protected]
Website: www.cabi.org
© G.R. Duncanson 2013. All rights reserved. No part of this publication may
be reproduced in any form or by any means, electronically, mechanically,
by photocopying, recording or otherwise, without the prior permission of
the copyright owners.
A catalogue record for this book is available from the British Library,
London, UK.
Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data
Duncanson, Graham R., author.
Veterinary treatment of pigs / Graham R. Duncanson.
p. ; cm.
Includes bibliographical references and index.
ISBN 978-1-78064-172-0 (alk. paper)
I. C.A.B. International, issuing body. II. Title.
[DNLM: 1. Sus scrofa. 2. Swine Diseases. 3. Animal Husbandry. SF 971]
SF996.5
616.02'73--dc23
2013019853
ISBN-13: 978 1 78064 172 0
Commissioning editor: Sarah Hulbert
Editorial assistant: Alexandra Lainsbury
Production editor: Shankari Wilford
Typeset by SPi, Pondicherry, India
Printed and bound in the UK by CPI Group (UK) Ltd, Croydon, CR0 4YY.
Contents
Acknowledgements vi
Abbreviations vii
1 Animal Husbandry 1
2 Nutrition 26
3 Making a Diagnosis and Post-mortem Technique 31
4 Veterinary Equipment 38
5 Vaccines 43
6 Sedation, Analgesia, Anaesthesia and Euthanasia 50
7 Surgical Procedures 55
8 Diseases of the Gastroenteric System 68
9 Diseases of the Respiratory and Circulatory Systems 82
10 Diseases of the Urino-genital System 92
11 Diseases of the Neurological System 104
12 Diseases of the Skin 110
13 Multisystemic Diseases 119
14 Notifiable Diseases 125
15 Poisons and Causes of Sudden Death 131
16 Zoonotic Diseases 141
Appendix: Veterinary Medicines 149
Glossary 161
References 167
Index 169

v
Acknowledgements
I would like to acknowledge the considerable help I have obtained from reading two excellent
textbooks while I was writing this book: Pig Diseases (8th edition) by D.J. Taylor (ISBN
0 9506932 7 8) and Handbook of Pig Medicine by Peter G.G. Jackson and Peter D. Cockcroft (ISBN
978 0 7020 2828 1). They have helped considerably to triangulate all the information.
I would also like to thank my editor Sarah Hulbert who has been a constant source of
advice and encouragement.
Finally I would like to thank all my colleagues who have helped me with the pictures,
particularly my daughter for all her patience on our numerous travels in search of
information.

vi
Abbreviations
AA amino acid
ad lib ad libitum, as much as desired
AGID agar gel immunodiffusion
AI artificial insemination
ALP alkaline phosphatase
ASF African swine fever
AST aspartate aminotransferase
BHC benzene hexachloride
BSE bovine spongiform encephalopathy
CFT complement fixation test
CK creatine kinase
CNS central nervous system
CSF cerebrospinal fluid or classical swine fever
DEFRA Department for Environment, Food and Rural Affairs
DON deoxynivalenol
DVM Divisional Veterinary Manager
EDTA ethylene diamine tetra-acetic acid
ELISA enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay
FAT fluorescent antibody test
FEC faecal egg count
FMD foot and mouth disease
GA general anaesthetic
GGT γ-glutamyltransferase
GI gastrointestinal
GLDH glutamate dehydrogenase
GnRF/GnRH gonadotrophin-releasing hormone
Hb haemoglobin
IBR inclusion body rhinitis
im intramuscularly
ip intraperitoneally
iv intravenously
MCF malignant catarrhal fever
MMA mastitis, metritis, agalactia syndrome

vii
viii Abbreviations
NSAID non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug
OBF Officially Brucellosis Free
OIE Office International des Epizooties
Ov-HV2 ovine herpes type 2 virus
PCMV porcine cytomegalovirus infection
PCR polymerase chain reaction
PCV packed cell volume
PCV-2 porcine circovirus type 2
PDNS porcine dermatitis and nephropathy syndrome
PE proliferative enteropathy
PEARS porcine epidemic abortion and respiratory syndrome
PED porcine epidemic diarrhoea
PGF prostaglandin F
2α 2α
PHE proliferative haemorrhagic enteropathy
PIA porcine intestinal adenomatosis complex
PME post-mortem examination
PMSG pregnant mare serum gonadotrophin
PMWS post-weaning multisystemic wasting syndrome
po per os, orally
PPV porcine parvovirus
PRRS porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome
PSS porcine stress syndrome
RAPD PCR random amplification of polymorphic DNA–PCR
RBC red blood cell
RBPT Rose Bengal plate test
RNA ribonucleic acid
RT-PCR reverse transcriptase PCR
SAC South American camelid
sc subcutaneously
SF swine fever
SG specific gravity
SIV swine influenza virus
SMEDI stillbirths, mummification, embryonic deaths and infertility
SOP Standard Operating Procedure
SVD swine vesicular disease
TAT tetanus antiserum
TGE transmissible gastroenteritis
TTV torque teno virus
VO Veterinary Officer
VTEC verocytotoxigenic Escherichia coli
WBC white blood cell
WFSI weaning to fertile service interval
WOI weaning to oestrus interval
1
Animal Husbandry

The Origins of the Domestic Pig Breeds of Pig
These are confused as the traditional view Aksai Black Pied
was that the pig was domesticated in South-
east Asia and then was brought westwards This large breed of pig with its distinctive black
to Central Asia and on to Europe. There is and white colouring originates from Kazakhstan.
some genetic evidence that domestication
occurred also in Eastern Europe and there
may well have been some crossing of early Arapawa Island
domestic pigs. Certainly the European wild
boar (Sus scrofu) was involved in the 4th mil- These small pigs from New Zealand probably
lennium BC in Europe (Fig. 1.1). Equally, are descended from pigs allowed to become
there is evidence of domestication 9000 years feral, having been released by Captain Cook.
ago in the Mekong Delta in Vietnam. By ref- They are pigs with a light body, normally sandy
erencing the pig genome some authors with black spots. They do not have wattles.
(Groenen et al., 2012) have discovered that
there was a deep phylogenetic split between
European and Asian wild boars around one Auckland Island Pig
million years ago, substantiating the hypoth-
esis that pigs were independently domesti- This small breed of pig from the North Island
cated in western Eurasia and East Asia. The of New Zealand is black or black and tan in
pig has become part of the culture of South- colour.
east Asia (Fig. 1.2).
The pig is a forest animal (Fig. 1.3). It
does not lend itself to being driven like cattle, Ba Xuyen
sheep and goats and so its domestication will
have been delayed until man had a more sed- These pigs are derived from crossing Berkshire
entary existence. pigs and Chinese pigs from the Mekong Delta.
©G.R. Duncanson 2013. Veterinary Treatment of Pigs (G.R. Duncanson) 1