VAD ÄR KULTURPOLITIK ? En fråga om retorik

238 Pages·2012·11.73 MB·Swedish

ROLF HUGOSON
VAD ÄR KULTURPOLITIK ?
En fråga om retorik
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VAD ÄR KULTURPOLITIK ?
En fråga om retorik
AKADEMISK AVHANDLING
som med vederbörligt tillstånd av rektorsämbetet vid Umeå universitet
för vinnande av filosofie doktorsexamen framlägges till offentlig granskning
vid Statsvetenskapliga institutionen
Hörsal C, Samhällsvetarhuset
Fredagen den 14 april 2000, kl. 13.15
av
Rolf Hugoson
Fil. Kand.
WHAT IS CULTURAL POLICY/POLITICS? A QUESTION OF RHETORIC
Rolf Hugoson, Department of Political Science, Umeå University
ISBN 91-7191-785-3; ISSN 0349-0831, Resarch Report 2000:1. Swedish text, English
summary. Swedish title: Vad är kulturpolitik: En fråga om retorik. Distribution: De­
partment of Political Science, Umeå University, SE-901 87 Umeå, Sweden. Home­
page: http://www.pol.umu.se
ABSTRACT
This study focuses on the rhetorical and political conditions for answering the
question 'what is kulturpolitik?'. The most common translation of kulturpolitik is
'cultural policy', but 'cultural politics' is an alternative - perhaps policies must al­
ways involve broader notions of politics. Here, politics is understood as struggles
and conflicts in community, struggles that take place between rules and practical
cases, between law and freedom. It is argued that language is a key to an awareness
of political conditions, although politics also might involve aesthetics and violence.
According to Aristode and Ricoeur, language is something that occurs 'when
somebody says something to somebody about something' - and, as added in the
dissertation: 'for a certain purpose and in a certain manner'. The general conditions
for saying what kulturpolitik is, can thus be studied with reference to the interplay
between six aspects: author; utterance, audience, reference, purpose and manner These
rhetorical aspects can be used differendy in different cases. Four particular cases
are examined in the dissertation. These are chosen pardy because they allow a gen­
eral overview of the connections between politics and the arts, or policy and cul­
ture, mainly in Western Europe; and pardy because they allow a demonstration of
the importance of rhetoric.
The cases are: (1) a comparison between two major Government Bills to the
Swedish Parliament, concerning the general formulation of state cultural policy; (2)
an analysis of the meaning of goals in policy, with particular reference to the
Council of Europe's evaluations of cultural policies in France, Sweden, Austria, the
Netherlands, and Finland; (3) an overview of the political uses of the concept of
culture in Germany between 1800 and 1932; (4) a study of the French state's effort
to engage the arts in the service of the republic between 1789 and 1983.
It is, furthermore, argued that a rhetorical 'manner' can be understood as a
way of employing the faculty of judgement. Following Aristode and Kant, and es­
pecially according to Arendt and Lyotard, it is shown that judgement is a pre-
eminendy political faculty. It allows those who use language - authors as well as
audiences — to reflect upon the conditions of agreement in the absence of precon­
ceived rules, but with the help of aesthetical awareness and imagination.
Key Words: Cultural Policy, Rhetoric, Politics and the Arts, Art of Politics, Politi­
cal Judgement, Aesthetic Judgement, Political Imagination, Invention of Rules,
Mannerism.
Vad är kulturpolitik?
Statsvetenskapliga institutionen
Umeå universitet
© Rolf Hugoson
Statsvetenskapliga institutionens skriftserie, nr. 2000:1
ISBN 91-7191-785-3
ISSN 0349-0831
Larsson & Co:s Tryckeri AB, Umeå 2000
ROLF HUGOSON
Vad är kulturpolitik
En fråga om retorik
*
</>
Statsvetenskapliga institutionen
Umeå universitet
ABSTRACT
What is culturalpolicy/politics? A question of rhetoric. This study focuses on the
rhetorical and political conditions for answering the question 'what is
kulturpolitik. The most common translation of kulturpolitik is 'cultural
policy', but 'cultural politics' is an alternative — perhaps policies must
always involve broader notions of politics. Here, politics is understood
as struggles and conflicts in community, struggles that take place
between rules and practical cases, between law and freedom. It is
argued that language is a key to an awareness of political conditions,
although politics also might involve aesthetics and violence.
According to Aristotle and Ricoeur, language is something that occurs
'when somebody says something to somebody about something' — and, as
added in the dissertation: 'for a certain purpose and in a certain manner'.
The general conditions for saying what kulturpolitik is, can thus be studied
with reference to the interplay between six aspects: author; utterance, audience,
reference, purpose and manner. These rhetorical aspects can be used differently
in different cases. Four particular cases are examined in the dissertation.
These are chosen partly because they allow a general overview of the
connections between politics and the arts, or policy and culture, mainly in
Western Europe; and partly because they allow a demonstration of the
importance of rhetoric.
The cases are: (1) a comparison between two major Government bills to
the Swedish Parliament, concerning the general formulation of state cultural
policy; (2) an analysis of the meaning of goals in policy, with particular
reference to the Council of Europe's evaluations of cultural policies in
France, Sweden, Austria, the Netherlands, and Finland; (3) an overview of
the political uses of the concept of culture in Germany between 1800 and
1932; (4) a study of the French state's effort to engage the arts in the service
of the republic between 1789 and 1983.
It is, furthermore, argued that a rhetorical 'manner' can be understood
as a way of employing die faculty of judgement. Following Aristode and
Kant, and especially according to Arendt and Lyotard, it is shown that
judgement is a preeminently political faculty. It allows those who use
language — authors as well as audiences — to reflect upon the conditions of
agreement in the absence of preconceived rules, but with the help of
aesthetical awareness and imagination.
Key Words: Cultural Policy, Rhetoric, Politics and the Arts, Art of Politics,
Political Judgement, Aesthetic Judgement, Political Imagination, Invention
of Rules, Mannerism.
Distribution: Department of Political Science, Umeå university, S-901 87
Umeå, Sweden.
Till min mamma, Daga, och
mina syskon, Marlene och Per
INNEHÅLL
Förord
1 PROBLEMET
Hur kan vi säga något vetenskapligt om kulturpolitik? 1
1.1 Kulturpolitik som politisk föreställning 5
1.2 Från vardag till vetenskap 7
1.3 Vad är kulturpolitik?': En fråga mellan det banala och det omöjliga 8
1.4 Avhandlingens syfte: En fråga om retorik 10
1.5 En försmak av retorik 12
1.6 Avhandlingens disposition 13
NOTER TILL KAPITEL ETT 16
2 RETORIK
Hur något kan sägas enligt Aristoteles 21
2.1 Det ömsesidiga beroendet mellan det allmänna och det särskilda 23
2.2 Fem daktyler och deras manér 27
2.3 Manér, inte laganda 30
NOTER TILL KAPITEL TVÅ 34
3 YTTRANDEN
Två statliga svenska propositioner 40
3.1 Kulturpolitikens område 42
3.2 Propositioner mellan utredning och debatt 46
3.3 Mål eller medel? 54
NOTER TILL KAPITEL TRE 60
4 SYFTEN
Vad tjänar målen till? 67
4.1 PoHcyforskning och välfärdsstat 67
4.2 Policyforskningens mål 70
4.3 Strategi och taktik 71
4.4 Kraftsamling till skillnad från styrning 75
4.5 Europeiska staters mål för kulturpolitik 78
NOTER TILL KAPITEL FYRA 84