Tropical Plant Breeding

604 Pages·2001·901.411 MB·\604

by  Andre Charrier (Editor)

Tropical Plant
Breeding

Tropical Plant
Breeding
Scientific Editors
André Charrier, Michel Jacquot,
Serge Hamon and Dominique Nicolas
Translation Editor
M.K. Razdan
Science Publishers/ Inc.
Enfield (NH), USA Plymouth, UK
CIRAD
Centre de cooperation internationale en recherche
agronomique pour le développement, France
Joint Publication: Science Publishers, Inc., USA
and CIRAD, France
Exclusive selling rights in Asia Science Publishers, Inc.
Exclusive selling rights in Europe CIRAD
SCIENCE PUBLISHERS, INC. Internet site: http:/ I www.scipub.net
Post Office Box 699
Enfield, New Hampshire 03748
United States of America
ISBN 13(Science Publishers, Inc.): 978-1-57808-144-8 (hbk)
ISBN 13(CIRAD): 978-2-87614-426-2 (hbk)
© 2001 Science Publishers, Inc. and CIRAD
Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data
Ameliorationdesplantestropicales. English.
Tropical plant breeding/ scientific editors, Andre Charrier ...
[et al.] ; translation editor,
M.K. Razdan.
p. cm.
Includes bibliographical references.
ISBN 1-57808-144-0
1. Tropical plants--Breeding. 2. Crop improvement--Tropics.
I. Charrier, A. II. Title.
S8111 .A62513 2000
635.9'5232--dc21
00-046363
Ouvrage publie avec le concours du Ministere fran~ais charge de la Culture-Centre
national du livre
Published with the support of the French Ministry of Culture.
Translation of: L'amelioration des plantes tropicales, CIRAD, 1997. Updates
made by the authors in 2000.
Translation Team: R.K. Kaula
M.K. Razdan
J.L. Minocha
Margaret Majithia
Published by Science Publishers, Inc., Enfield, NH, USA
Preface
Plant species grown in tropical countries—on small-scale family farms
or commercial farms, to provide food for humans or livestock, in dry or
humid regions—are highly abundant and taxonomically diversified.
A broad spectrum of biological and genetic knowledge—acquired
and synthesized by geneticists and agronomists and essential for the
progress of genetic improvement programmes—had to be reviewed for
the purposes of this book. Tropical Plant Breeding thus covers many top­
ics, including: methods for assessing genetic diversity and spatiotemporal
variations; natural reproductive mechanisms and possible deviations that
could give rise to novel varietal structures and potential genetic ex­
changes with neighbouring species; vegetative and reproductive cycles,
while sometimes accurately specifying details like leaf and inflorescence
emission rates; genetic origins of traits such as tolerance to biotic and
abiotic constraints, along with the underlying physiological and genetic
mechanisms.
Readers perusing the different chapters of this reference book will
undoubtedly be impressed by how quickly information is accrued and
effectively utilized, thanks to the interdisciplinary approach, and how
readily new breeding techniques are adopted and implemented. Are not
oil palm, coffee and rice essential model species for plant biotechnology
development?
Tropical plants—grown in fragile environments or those weakened
by poor cultivation practices, recently domesticated or subjected to con­
trolled breeding, sometimes transplanted in limited numbers remote from
their natural areas, intercropped with traditional crops or monocropped
over vast areas—are often faced with extreme situations with respect to
population genetics, genetic drift, climatic adaptation and pest and dis­
ease constraints.
A comparison of tropical and temperate plant breeding highlights
that similar techniques are implemented and the specific biological con­
straints are comparable. What characterizes tropical species is the need
to reconcile a high genetic potential with a capacity for adaptation to a
wide range of agricultural conditions and environments. However, there
VI Tropical Plant Breeding
is a less clear difference for these species with respect to genetic re­
sources, elite material and improved varieties, which could be explained
by the fact that the seed subsector is less industrialized in tropical coun­
tries. It also meets the need for adaptive flexibility, which is crucial in
the tropics because of the high environmental and pest and disease
risks.
The format adopted for all the chapters also highlights the impor­
tance allocated to the evolutionary organization of species, species com­
plexes and varietal choices based on the prevailing agroeconomic context.
Note that this book is the result of considerable collaboration with
different authors throughout the writing and editing process. It has
benefitted from the skills and experience of researchers from CIRAD,
INRA and IRD and others based in many different tropical countries.
This type of collaboration reflects the team spirit that motivates interna­
tional networks, while promoting the sustainability of genetic improve­
ment programmes.
This updated reader-friendly book will meet the needs of plant breed­
ers, pathologists and agronomists seeking a more in-depth understand­
ing of genetic variability organisation and breeding of tropical plant
species. The reader will readily understand their richness and find key
elements necessary for a detailed study in the extensive bibliography.
Finally, in concluding I wish to convey to all authors with whom I
have had the pleasure of working, that it was an enjoyable task to read
this book and jointly ponder the potential of these knowledge-intensive
genetic improvement programmes.
Yvette Dattée
Research Director, INRA
Director, GEVES
Contents
Preface v
Banana 1
Frederic Bakry, Françoise Carreei, Marie-Line
Caruana, François-Xavier Còte, Christophe Jenny and
Hugues Tézenas du Montcel
Cassava 30
Jean-Pierre Raffaillac and Gerard Second
Citrus 55
Patrick Ollitrault and François Furo
Cocoa 78
Albertus B. Eskes and Claire Lanaud
Coconut 106
Roland Bourdeix, Lue Baudouin, Norbert
Billotte, Jean-Pierre Labouisse and Jean-Marie Noiret
Coffee 128
André Charrier and Albertus B. Eskes
Cotton 153
Bernard Hau, Jacques Lançon and Dominique Dessauw
Cowpea 177
Rémy S. Pasquet and Jean-Pierre Baudoin
Eggplant 199
Marie-Christine Daunay, Richard Neville Lester
and Georges Ano
Eucalyptus 223
Philippe Vigneron and Jean-Marc Bouvet
viii Tropical Plant Breeding
Groundnut 246
Daniele Clavel and Jean Gautreau
Guinea Grass 267
Michel Noirot
Maize 288
Jean-Leu Marchand, Julien Berthaud, Benoit Clerget,
Jacques Dintinger, Bernard Reynaud and Jean-Luc Dzido
Millet 314
Gilles Bezançon, Jean-François Renno and K. Anand Kumar
Oil Palm 338
Jean-Charles Jacquemard, Luc Baudouin and
Jean-Marie Noiret
Okra 361
Serge Hamon and André Charrier
Passion Fruits 381
Geo Coppens d'Eeckenbrugge, Sergio D. Segura,
Elizabeth Hodson de Jaramillo and Gustavo A. Góngora
Pineapple 402
Geo Coppens d'Eeckenbrugge, Freddy Leal,
Marie-France Duval and Eric Malézieux
Rice 425
Michel Jacquot, Guy Clément, Alain Ghesquière,
Jean-Christophe Glaszmann, Emmanuel Guiderdoni
and Didier Tharreau
Rubber Tree 455
André Clement-Demange, Hyacinthe Legnate, Marc Seguin,
Marc-Philippe Carron, Vincent Le Guen, Thierry Chapuset
and Dominique Nicolas
Sorghum 481
Jacques Chantereau, Gilles Trouche, Claude Luce,
Monique Deu and Perla Hamon
Sugarcane 506
Philippe Feldmann, Angélique D'Hont, Emmanuel
Guiderdoni, Laurent Grivet and Jean-Christophe Glaszmann
Tomato 524
Guy Anais
Yam 538
Perla Hamon, Roland Dumont, Jeanne Zoundjihekpon,
N'goran Ahoussou and Bakary Tio-Touré
Contents їх
Plates 553
Appendices 555
List of Acronyms 557
List of Contributors 561
Subject Index 565