The Weapons and Fighting Arts of Indonesia

256 Pages·2001·63.91 MB·English

by  Donn F. Draeger

WEAPONS and FIGHTING ARTS
of INDONESIA
Donn F. Draeger
WEAPONS and
FIGHTING ARTS
of
INDONESIA
TUTTLE PUBLISHING
Bosron, Rurland, Vcrmonr, Tokyo
Published by Tuttle Publishing
Copyright© 1972 by Charles E. Turtle Publishing Co., Inc.
All rights reserved
LCC Card No. 73-182060
ISBN
First Tuttle edition, 1972
First paperback edition, 1992
Fifth printing, 2000
Printed in Singapore
Distribution:
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TABLE OF
CONTENTS
LIST OF ILLUSTRATIONS 7
AUTHOR'S FOREWORD 11
ACKNOWLEDGMENTS 13
Chapter 1 : Pnliminary Background 17
Protohistoric and Historic 17
Technical Rationale 30
Chapter 2 : Java and Madura 41
Pentjak-silat 41
Kuntao 80
Other Weapons and Systems 86
Chapter 3 Sumatra, Nias, Mentawai Islands, and
the Riouw Archipelago 109
Background 109
Menangkabau 124
Atjeh lSI
Riouw Archipelago ISS
Batak ISS
The Celates 158
Mentawai Islands and Nias 160
Kuntao 163
Chapter 4 : Bali 165
Pentjak-silat 16S
Other Weapons and Systems 180
6
Chapter 5 The Lesser Sundas 185
Pentjak-silat and Kuntao 185
Other Weapons and Systems 185
Chapter 6 The Celebes 199
Background 199
Bugis and Makassarese 204
Kuntao in Makassar 206
Bajau 210
Toradja 214
Minahasa Inhabitants 222
Chapter 7 The Moluccas 227
Background 227
Aborigines 231
Pen~ak-silat 238
BIBLIOGRAPHY 243
GLOSSARY-INDEX 245
GENERAL 245
WEAPONS 249
INDEX 251
GEOGRAPHICAL NAMES 251
PEOPLE, TRIBES, RACES, DEITIES 253
6 TABLE OF CONTENTS
LIST OF
ILLUSTRATIONS
I. Supalokun images of Semarang Temple, Central Java 22
2. Relief carvings from Borobudur and Prambanan 24,25
3. Standard weaponry of pentjak-silat 35
4. Localized pentjak-silat weaponry 37
5. Percussion accompaniment to pentjak training 38
6. Pentjak-like movements in randai dance form 39
7. Saucer dance by Patai silat exponents 39
8-10. Tjimandc style silat: deep crouch posture, stamping, and hand
actions 43
II. Tjimande style use of golok 44
12. Blocking in the Tjimande style 45
13. Blocking in the Tjikalong style 45
14, 15. Tjingkrik style silat: attack, and assuming sempok posture 46, 47
16-18. Kwitang silat techniques: defense against pisau, tjabang vs.
toya, kowlium vs. golok 49
19-22. PPSI: kujungi and sheath, arbir and its use, and old and
new forms of paku 50, 51
23. Use of toya in IPSI silat 52
24. Special weapons of Prisai Sakti silat 53
25. Evasion and kicking tactics in Setia Hati silat 55
26. Bima silat postures 56
27. Ifan Badjam, founder ofTapak Sutji 57
28-31. Tapak Sutji: pentjak action, outdoor training, Japanese
sword, and segu 58,59
32. Tjaluk of Setia Hati Terate 61
33-36. Delima silat: kicking technique, pedang, toya action, and
pedang training 64,65
37-41. Delima silat: toya vs. pedang, pedang vs. empty-hand
action, girls training, and rante and its use 66,67
42. R. M. S. Dirdjoatmodjo, founder of Perisai Diri silat 69
7
43, 44. Perisai Diri silat: evasion and counterattack, and use of
Chinese swords 71
45, 46. Perisai Diri silat: special weapons, and area of concentration
ofattack 73
47, 48. Maduran Pamur silat stance and kick 75
49-51. Pamur silat: tjabang, Maduran weapons, and arit used with
~n ~n
52-55. Pamur silat: single arit technique, use of kelewang, Maduran
kudi, and special Maduran weapons 78, 79
56. Empty-hand kuntao technique 81
57. Standard weaponry of kuntao 82, 83
58. Shangung kuntao style left stance 85
59. Fukien kuntao style frontal stance 85
60, 61. Javanese kris blade types, and kris and sheath parts 89
62. Javanese carved wooden kris handles 91
63-65. Javanese kris sheath types, and early possible kris prototypes 93
66. Test patterns from kris blades 96
67, 68. Gripping and wearing the kris 97, 98
69, 70. Basic types ofJ avanese knife and sword blades, spearheads
and shafts 100, 101
71. Javanese spearheads in the Museum Sono Boedojo Sekaten 102
72. Tjambuk chemeti 103
73. Petjat of Kediri Udung (Tiban) 103
74, 75. Porbikawa system: empty-hand action, and use of toya 105
76-78. Okol grappling: beginning a bout, osoto-otoshi and seoi-
nage tactics 105, 106
79. Menangkabau warrior 125
80, 81. Menangkabau pisau belati, kris and sheaths 126
82-88. Sumatran weapons: kris pangang and sheath, tombak lada ,
lading and sheath, beladau, sewar, sakin, and karambit 127, 128
89. Menangkabau sabit agricultural tools and weapons 129
90, 91. Menangkabau silat leg tactics, and use of hands and arms 132, 133
92. Tiger-style tactics of Harimau silat 134, 135
93. Sandang silat vs. Sterlak silat 137
94-96. Pauh silat: "imaginary square," locked thumb, and center-
line targets 138
97. Baru silat defense 141
98, 99. Kumango silat: thigh slapping, and deceptive forward step 143
l 00. Demonstration of Lin tau silat 144
101. Demonstration of Sawi silat 145
102. Sterlak silat attack, Lintau silat response, and Sawi silat
counterattack 146, 147
103, 104. Patai silat: techniques, and use of gontar 149, 150
105, 106. Atjeh tentjang and sheaths, and other weapons 152-154
107-109. Batak weapons: body ranjau,jono, and kapak 156
110. Batak raut and sheath 158
Ill. Engano seven-foot spears 161
112. Pulo Pagi parang 161
113-116. Nias island: spears, parang, warrior before combat, and
tulo-tulo war dance 162
8 LIST OF ILLUSTRATIONS
117. Empty-hand kuntao training, Padang, Sumatra 164
118. Balinese kris dance 166
119. Rante of Tridharma silat 168
120-125. Bhakti Negara silat: techniques, posture, a ruse, center
of gaze, and "floating foot" 169-171
126-130. Bhakti Negara silat: use of toya, tjabang, pisau, and
pedang; and special weapons 173, 174
131. Center of gaze in Essti silat 176
132-134. Balinese Perisai Diri silat: empty-hand techniques,
arbir and toya, and tekken vs. armed assailant 177-179
135. Balinese Ende 179
136, 137. Balinese bladed weapons 180, 181
138-140. A Balinese kris-srnith, typical kris patterns, and the
longest kris blade 182, 183
141. Ancient Balinese stone images 184
142, 143. Tjatii weaponry and combatants 187, 188
144. Flores weaponry 191
145. Flores pentjak-silat style 193
146. Tameng and petjut used in Lombok Ende silat 193
147. Sulat system ofSumbawa 193
148. Sumbawan archery competition 194
149, 150. Sumbaw an jousting: armed warrior, and circular tracks 195
151. Saw-toothed grass leaf of Sumba Box 195
152, 153. Sumban warrior: ceremonial war dance, and
weaponry 196, 197
154. Timorese weaponry 197
155. Timorese weapon of unknown name and use 198
156, 15 7. Celebes badik and sheaths, and Bugis and Makassarese
badik 202
158, 159. Wearing and use ofbadik 203
160. Knives of the Celebes 204
161. Techniques of Makassarese Ilmu Silat (kuntao) 207
162. Makassar kuntao weapons 208
163. Tong Hong Liong demonstrating his kuntao techniques 209
164. Bajau spears (harpoons) and spearheads 213
165, 166. Kendari style silat cross-step, and Bajau parang 213
167, 168. Toradjan knives, and dua !alan buffalo knife 215
169-172. Toradjan ublakas, spear blades, spear technique, and
shields 216, 217
173-175. Toradjan sumpti and poisoned dart, padimpah, and
Pong Tiku's weapons 219
176. Sisemba quasicombative action 221
177. Ceramese weaponry 232
178. Alefuru armed headhunters performing war dance 236, 237
179. Sapulidi of Ambon island 237
180. Nine-year-old tjabang expert, Husin Karim 239
181. Karim facing an "enemy" 240
182. Pisau tactics practiced by Batumerah villagers 240
183. Pedang used by Batumerah woman 241
184. One-legged postures of Haruku island pentiak-silat 241
LIST OF ILLUSTRATIONS 9