The Suburban Racial Dilemma: Housing and Neighborhoods

287 Pages·1994·16.55 MB·English

by  W. Keating

THE SUBURBAN RACIAL DILEMMA
Conflicts in Urban and Regional Development,
a series edited by John R. Logan and Todd Swanstrom
THE SUBURBAN
RACIAL DILEMMA
Housing and Neighborhoods
W. DENNIS KEATING
T E M P LEU N I V E R SIT Y PRE S S I Philadelphia
Temple University Press, Philadelphia 19122
Copyright © 1994 by Temple University
Published 1994
Printed in the United States of America
The paper used in this publication meets the minimum requirements of American
National Standard for Information Sciences-Permanence of Paper for Printed
Library Materials, ANSI Z39.48-1984 @
Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data
Keating, W. Dennis (William Dennis)
The suburban racial dilemma: housing and neighborhoods / W. Dennis Keating.
p. cm. - (Conflicts in urban and regional development)
Includes bibliographical references and index.
ISBN 1-56639-147-4. - ISBN 1-56639-148-2 (pbk.)
1. Discrimination in housing--Ohio-Cleveland Metropolitan Area.
2. Afro-Americans-Housing--Ohio-Cleveland Metropolitan Area.
3. Housing policy--Ohio-Cleveland Metropolitan Area. I. Title. II. Series.
HD7288.76.U52C65 1994
363.5'1-dc20 93-17865
This book is dedicated to the memory of Bernice Lott and Harry
Fagan, two of the most inspirational leaders of the movement for
racially integrated neighborhoods of Cleveland Heights, the city to
which my family and I moved in 1983. Unfortunately, I never had
the opportunity to meet either of these dynamic persons.
Bernice Lott was a civil rights leader and president of the
Cleveland Heights-University Heights Board of Education. She died
in 1983. She was a trustee of the Heights Community Congress, and
her memory is honored through the congress's annual bestowal of
the Bernice E. Lott award to an outstanding Cleveland Heights
resident.
In 1970 Harry A. Fagan became the first director of the Commis
sion on Catholic Community Action, which supported so much
community organizing in metropolitan Cleveland in the 1970s.
Fagan was instrumental in the creation of the Heights Community
Congress and became its director during its formative period be
tween 1973 and 1976. He died in 1992.
Without such dedicated participants, successful social move
ments for racially diverse communities in the United States could
not exist.

CONTENTS
List of Tables and Maps ix
Acknowledgments xi
PART I Racial Divisiveness and Policy Alternatives
1 Race, Housing, and Neighborhoods in the Metropolitan
United States 3
2 The Open Housing Movement: Metropolitan Dispersion
Strategies 31
PART II Housing, Race, and Neighborhoods in
Metropolitan Cleveland
3 Cleveland: A Racially Polarized City 53
4 Suburban Cleveland: Case Studies of Suburbs and Fair
Housing Organizations 67
5 East Cleveland: Black Suburbanization, White Flight, and
Rapid Resegregation 77
6 Shaker Heights: Integration Maintenance in a Once
Exclusionary, Planned Suburb 96
7 Cleveland Heights: The Struggle for Long-term Stable
Racial Diversity 114
viii I CONTENTS
8 Parma: Court-ordered Racial Integration
140
9 Euclid: A Suburban City in the Path of White Flight 152
10 Six Cleveland Fair Housing Organizations 164
PART III Fair Housing: Policies, Programs, Legality,
and Prospects
11 Open Housing Policies and Programs 193
12 The Legal Status of Race-conscious, Pro-integrative
Housing Policies and Programs 221
13 Toward Greater Racial Diversity in the Suburbs 237
References 257
Index 271
LIST OF TABLES AND MAPS
Tables
1 Black Population in Fourteen Central Cities, 1960-1990 10
2 Suburban Black Population in Fourteen Metropolitan Areas,
1990 12
3 Black Population in Eleven East-Side Cleveland Suburbs,
1980-1990 63
4 Actual versus Projected Black Population in Five Cleveland
Suburbs, 1980 68
5 Fair Housing Expenditures in Five Cleveland Suburbs, 1992 75
6 Black Population in East Cleveland by Census Tracts, 1950-
1960 80
7 Property Turnover in East Cleveland, 1965-1968 89
8 Racial Composition of Lomond (Shaker Heights) Housing
Sales, 1980-1989 106
9 Black Population in Three Shaker Heights Neighborhoods,
1980,1990 110
10 Black Population in Six Cleveland Heights Census Tracts,
1980-1990 136
11 Racial Population Patterns in Seven West-Side Cleveland
Suburbs, 1990 141
12 Minority Beneficiaries, Parma Subsidized Housing, 1991 145