The Social Politics of Medieval Diplomacy: Anglo-German Relations, 1066-1307

374 Pages·2000·20.11 MB·English

by  Joseph Patrick Huffman

The Social Politics
of Medieval Diplomacy
STUDIESINMEDIEVALANDEARLYMODERNCIVILIZATION
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Franciscans
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TheSocialPoliticsofMedievalDiplomacy:Anglo-German Relations
(1066-1307)
JosephP. Huffman
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The Social Politics
of Medieval Diplomacy
Anglo-German Relations (1066-1307)
Joseph P. Huffman
Ann Arbor
'THE l1:NIvERSITY OF MICHIGAN PREss
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No part ofthis publication may be reproduced, stored in a
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Library ofCongress Cataloging-in-Publication Data
Huffman,Joseph P., 1959-
The social politics of medieval diplomacy: Anglo-German relations
(1066-1307) /Joseph P. Huffman.
p. em.
Includes bibliographical references and index.
ISBN 0-472-11061-6 (cloth: acid-free paper)
1. Great Britain-Foreign relations-Germany. 2. Germany-Foreign
relations-Great Britain. 3. Great Britain-Foreign relations
1066-1485. 1. Title.
DA47.2.H84 1999
327.41043-dc21
99-051933
ISBN13 978-0-472-11061-2 (cloth)
ISBN13 978-0-472-02418-6 (electronic)
Preface
This book was written with certain assumptions that should be made
plain at the outset. I have not attempted here to write a comprehensive
history ofthe English and German realms, which has been done for both
separatelyandelsewheremoreextensivelythanIwould havetheaudacity
to attempt or claim here. Rather, this is a history of the diplomatic
relations between the two realms. Hence, this study assumes that the
reader has a general familiarity with the political histories of medieval
Germany and England. Major regional events and individuals will be
referred to but notdeveloped in detail for theirownsake. Theyshall only
appear when they have a bearing on Anglo-German diplomacy. Where
appropriate, and in the bibliography, the reader is referred to studies of
these events and individuals to enable further consideration.
In addition, although the English primary sources have been exten
sivelyexamined,thisstudyemphasizesthe German sideofthe diplomatic
equation. I have chosen this approach for two reasons-firstly, because
the vast majority of Anglo-German diplomatic activity passed in one
form or another through the city of Cologne. Since our reference point
will most often be this flourishing Rhenish metropolis, one can expect
that the story will be told with a distinctively German accent. There is,
furthermore, a grave paucity of materials on any aspect of medieval
German history in English, and so I have attempted to remedy the situa
tion in some modest fashion. The notes and bibliography integrate both
the sizable English- and German-speaking scholarly traditions, which is
something often lacking in both German- and English-language texts. In
an attempt to make German-language scholarship accessible to Anglo
phone readers, I have translated into English all passages quoted in the
notes from German scholarly literature.
This book is not merely a narrative account of Anglo-German diplo
maticdiscourse butonethat usesthe historical record asaspringboardto
VI Preface
considerationsaboutthenatureofmedievalpoliticallifeandaboutanach
ronisms in the existing modern historiography on this period. I hope to
accomplish insome degree three goals: tomakemedieval Germanyacces
sible and relevant to English-speaking, Anglo-French-oriented medieval
ists, to show the merits ofa comparative use ofregional sources, and to
showthe need to reevaluate traditional political historyin the lightofthe
insights afforded by social history. IfIstimulate any further discussion in
these areas, though parts or even all of my thesis might show frayed
edges, Ishall be satisfied.
Without the support of many the research and writing phases of this
book would never have beencompleted. In particularIwish to thank the
Deutscher Akademischer Austauschdienst for the generous research fel
lowship that made archival research possible. Appreciation for various
writing and research grants goes to Messiah College. I extend special
thanks to my two sons, Austin and Brendan, whose patience with my
work and specialwisdomabout life have enabled me to love the pastand
live in the present. It is to them, my future, that I dedicate this book.
Contents
Abbreviations IX
Introduction 1
Chapter 1. Diplomatic Relations between the Anglo-Norman
and Salian Kingdoms 25
Chapter 2. Renovatio Regnorum et Archiepiscoporum: Early
Angevin-Staufen Relations and the Rise of Cologne 57
Chapter 3. Philip of Heinsberg, Henry the Lion, and Anglo-
German Relations: Cooperation and Regionalism 92
Chapter 4. Richard the Lionheart and Otto IV: Itinerant
Kingship and the City of Cologne 133
Chapter 5. King John, Otto IV, and Cologne: A Case Study of
Kinship, Kingship, and Diplomacy between Medieval
Political Communities 178
Chapter 6. Cologne Archbishops: Territorialpolitik, Marriage
Negotiations, and Imperial Relations with England 223
Chapter 7. Epilogue: The Quixotic Kingship of Richard of
Cornwall and Anglo-Cologne Diplomacy during
Edward I's Reign 277
Conclusion: Reflections on the Nature of Political Life and
Interregional Diplomatic Activity during the Central
Middle Ages 312
Appendix: The Archbishops of Cologne 325
Select Bibliography 327
Index 351

Abbreviations
Annalen Annalendes Historischen Vereins fur den Niederrhein,
insbesonderediealteErzdiozeseKoln
Bohmer Regesta Imperii, ed.J. F. Bohmer,rev. eds., vols. 3-6
(Innsbruck, 1881-1901;Vienna, Cologne, and Graz,
1951-84).
CCLR Calendar ofClose Rolls Preservedin the PRO
CLR CalendarofLiberate Rolls Preservedin thePRO
CPR CalendarofPatentRolls Preservedinthe PRO
CRC Chronica regia Coloniensis (Annales maximi
Colonienses), ed. GeorgWaitz, MGH55rer. Germ.,
no. 18 (Hanover, 1880; reprint, 1978).
DA DeutschesArchivfur Erforschungdes Mittelalters
EHR English Historical Review
EnnenlEckertz QuellenzurGeschichte derStadtKoln, ed. Leonard
Ennen and GottfriedEckertz, 6vols. (Cologne,
1860-79).
HGB Hansische Geschichtsbliitter
HUB Hansisches Urkundenbuch
JKGV Jahrbuch des Kolnischen Geschichtsvereins
MGH Monumenta Germaniae Historica
MGHConst. Monumenta GermaniaeHistorica: Constitutionesetacta
publica imperatorumet regum
MGHDD Monumenta GermaniaeHistorica: Diplomata
MGH Leges Monumenta GermaniaeHistorica: Leges (folio)
MGH55 Monumenta GermaniaeHistorica: 5criptores (folio)
MGH 55 rer. Germ. Monumenta Germaniae Historica: 5criptores rerum
Germanicarum in usumscholarumseparatim editi
MIOG Mitteilungen des Instituts fur Osterreichische
Geschichtsforschung
MPCM MatthewParis, Chronica majora, ed. Henry Richards
Luard, 7vols., R5, no. 57, (London, 1872-73; reprint,
1964).