The Roman Citizenship (Oxford University Press Academic Monograph Reprints)

535 Pages·1973·6.92 MB·English

by  A.N. Sherwin-White

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title : The Roman Citizenship
author : Sherwin-White, A. N.
publisher : Oxford University Press
isbn10 | asin : 0198148135
print isbn13 : 9780198148135
ebook isbn13 : 9780585304793
language : English
subject Citizenship--Rome, Rome--Colonies, Rome--Foreign
relations, Rome--Politics and government.
publication date : 1996
lcc : JC85.C5S54 1996eb
ddc : 326.6/0937
subject : Citizenship--Rome, Rome--Colonies, Rome--Foreign
relations, Rome--Politics and government.
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The Roman Citizenship
By
A.N. Sherwin-White
Second Edition

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Oxford University Press, Great Clarendon Street, Oxford OX2 6DP
Oxford New York
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Delhi Florence Hong Kong Istanbul Karachi
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and associated companies in
Berlin Ibadan
Oxford is a trade mark of Oxford University Press
First published by Oxford University Press 1939
New edition 1973
Special edition for Sandpiper Books Ltd., 1996
© Oxford University Press 1973
All rights reserved. No part of this publication may be reproduced,
stored in a retrieval system, or transmitted, in any form or by any means,
without the prior permission in writing of Oxford University Press.
Within the UK, exceptions are allowed in respect of any fair dealing for the
purpose of research or private study, or criticism or review, as permitted
under the Copyright, Designs and Patents Act, 1988, or in the case of
reprographic reproduction in accordance with the terms of the licences
issued by the Copyright Licensing Agency. Enquiries concerning
reproduction outside these terms and in other countries should be
sent to the Rights Department, Oxford University Press,
at the address above
British Library Cataloguing in Publication Data
Sherwin-White, Adrian Nicholas
The Roman citizenship.2nd ed.
1. CitizenshipRome
I. Title
323.6'0937 JC85.C5 79-41370
ISBN 0-19-814813-5
Printed in Great Britain by
Bookcraft Ltd., Midsomer Norton

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Part III
Technical Problems of Roman Status
XIII. Externs: Dual Citizenship and the Enfranchisement of Individuals 291
306
Enfranchisement of Greeks
311
Individual Privileges in the Later Principate
314
The Registration of Citizenship
316
Ius Italicum
322
Citizenship by Manumission
332
The Date of the Lex Junia
334
Appendix: The Problems of the Third Augustan Edict from Cyrene
XIV. The Direct Enfranchisement of Provincial Communes 337
344
The Status of Oppida Civium Romanorum
350
Promotion to Colonial Status
353
Dual Communities and Dual Municipalities
XV. Latin Rights and Municipal Status 360
367
Latin Status and the Celtic Cantons
375
Charter Latinity
XVI. The Constitutio Antoniniana: Dediticii and Rustici 380
386
The Consequences of the Constitutio Antoniniana
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388
Status of the Rural Populations
392
The Constitutio and the Ius Civile
Part IV
The Attitude of the Provincials to the Empire
The Problem 397
XVII. The Winning of Allegiance 399
399
Dislike of the Roman Name Under the Republic
402
Conversion
408
Roman Citizenship and Civic Dignities in Lycia

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PREFACE
When the first edition of this book, published in 1939, was exhausted, my learned friends, and especially Professor E.
Badian, urged me to prepare a reprint with or without the addition of some account of recent developments of the
subject, on the grounds of the general usefulness (so they said) of Roman Citizenship as an introduction to what has now
become a vast subject. I decided that I would spoil the relative directness of the original version, in which discussion of
the evidence generally predominates over scholarly controversy (apart from the excessive refutation of the unfortunate
Dr. Rudolph), if I incorporated extensive criticism of modern theories into the script. So the original text has been
reprinted with the correction of certain errors and misstatements, and a number of new chapters and appendices have
been added which try to evaluate the principal contributions of recent scholarship, and also to extend the scope of the
first edition. For the Republican period there is more evaluation than extension, although a new chapter explores in
some detail the political objectives of the Italici in the Social War. The new Part Three discusses at length matters
omitted or handled more summarily in the first edition: the technicalities of enfranchisement of provincial communes
and grants of Latin status in the imperial period, the history of the enfranchisement of individuals by viritane grants, the
evolution of dual citizenship, the manumission of slaves, the registration of citizenship, and the origins of ius Italicum.
A fresh evaluation is attempted of the Constitutio Antoniniana in the light of recent work and fresh evidence. But on
certain topics I have deliberately refrained from enlargement. Thus the recruitment of provincial senators is vastly better
documented today than in 1939, but the additional detail has added little to the understanding of principles. Part Four,
concerning the attitude of provincials towards Rome, does not directly touch on Roman citizenship, and is left in its
original form, as an introduction to the evidence for a large theme with a developing literature that can no longer be
contained in a brief compass. In the various additional

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sections I have tried to indicate what is valuable in recent historical writing, but I have not sought to record every
aberration of scholarly opinion, and I have not tried to provide one of those total bibliographies in the modern fashion,
which usurp the function of the bibliographical reviews, exaggerate the erudition of the author, and add to the expenses
rather than the profit of the reader.
Of personal obligations I must record with gratitude the criticisms of Professor P.A. Brunt on my discussion of ius
Italicum, and his insistence that something should be said about manumission, and the advice of Mr. M.W. Frederiksen
on some matters of municipal legislation. I much regret that the final publication of the text of the remarkable Tabula
Banasitana did not take place in time for me to be able to take full account of it.
I must also thank the Clarendon Press for their help in planning the somewhat unorthodox arrangement of this book, for
their readiness to allow me adequate space, and for the patient assistance of their editors and proof readers at all times.
A.N. SHERWIN-WHITE
MARCH 1973

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CONTENTS
Part I
Roman Citizenship During the Republic
I. Rome and Early Latium 3
3
Introduction
5
The Geographic Background
7
The Social Background of the Seventh-Sixth Centuries
11
The Religious Leagues
15
The Emergence of Political Union
21
Political Products of the Wars of the Latin League
32
Social and Legal Aspects of Earlier Latinitas
II. The Settlement of 338 B.C. And the Origins of the Municeps 38
39
Civitas sine Suffragio
39
In Campania
48
Municipes Outside Campania
53
The Status of Caere
58
Oppida Civium Romanorum
58
Incorporated States
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73
Urban Development in Ager Romanus
76
Growth of Coloniae
94
Conclusion
III. Origins and Development of the Later Latinity 96
96
Character of the New Latium
102
The New Latium and Rome. External Relations
108
The Iura of the Latini
117
Appendix: The Institutions of the Latin Colonies
IV. The Position of the Italian Socii in the Roman System 119
V. The Aims of the Allies in the Social War 134
139
Some Modern Theories
144
The Secessionists

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VI. The Political Unification of Italy and Consequent Changes 150
The Principles of the Enfranchisement
150
Incorporation as Communities
155
The Enrolment of the Dediticii Populi
157
Enfranchisement of Gallia Cisalpina
159
The Reorganization and Development of Local Government
165
The Municipalization of Italy and its Consequences
VII. Populi Liberi and Foederati 174
174
Development towards a World State Outside Italy
Appendix to Chapters I-IV
190
Some Recent Theories About Latini, Municipes, and Socii Italici
190
I. Early Latium
195
Latium and the Tribus Rusticae of Rome
200
II. Civitas sine Suffragio
202
Campania
205
Municipia outside Campania
210
Enfranchisement of the Municipia
214
III. The Grievances and benefits of Socii Italici and Latini
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