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The Gods Rich in Praise
Early Greek and Mesopotamian
Religious Poetry
CHRISTOPHER METCALF
1
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Acknowledgements
The D.Phil. thesis on which the present study is based was written
with the support of a Joint Classics Faculty and J. F. Costopoulos
Scholarship, held at Balliol College in 2009–12. I am grateful to the
Faculty and College for that award and for an additional grant that
fundedmystudiesofHittiteatSOAS,UniversityofLondon.Iwould
like to thank Daniel Schwemer and Mark Weeden of SOAS for
allowing me to attend their lectures. The Classical Association
awarded me a bursary to spend two weeks at the Fondation Hardt,
Vand(cid:1)uvres, Switzerland, in August 2011. Most of the work for
the thesis and its revised version was done in the Sackler Library,
Oxford, and I would like to express my gratitude to the institution
anditslibrariansforprovidingsuchexcellentresourcesforresearch.
Final additions and corrections to the manuscript were made in
March2014.
I hope that the friends and colleagues who have helped with the
thesiswillacceptthesecollectivethanks.Inpreparingthemanuscript
forpublicationIhavebeengratefultoreceivefurthercommentsfrom
myexaminersChrisPellingandMarkWeeden,myreadersJohannes
Haubold and Robert Parker, and Pascal Attinger and Martin West.
I am entirely responsible for all aspects of the work, including the
mistakesthatitnodoubtcontains.
My final words of thanks are to my parents and my brother, for
theirsupportineveryway.
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OUPCORRECTEDPROOF–FINAL,1/4/2015,SPi
Contents
Abbreviations viii
Conventions xiii
Introduction 1
1. SumerianHymnsoftheOldBabylonianPeriod 15
2. AkkadianHymnsoftheOldBabylonianPeriod 50
3. TheHittiteEvidenceintheLightofOldBabylonian
Sources 79
4. IntroductoryRemarksontheEarlyGreek
andMesopotamianSources 104
5. HymnicOpenings 130
6. ACaseofNegativePredication 154
7. VariationsontheNamesoftheGoddess 171
8. SumerianandHittiteNotesonIliad1.62–4 191
Conclusion 221
Catalogues 228
A:OldBabylonianSumerianHymns 228
B:OldBabylonianAkkadianHymns 235
C:HittiteHymns 237
D:GreekHymnsandAuthors 238
References 240
GeneralIndex 283
IndexLocorum 285
OUPCORRECTEDPROOF–FINAL,1/4/2015,SPi
Abbreviations
ABoT K.Balkan(1948).AnkaraArkeolojiMüzesindeBulunan
BoğazköyTabletleri.Boğazköy-TafelnimArchäologischen
MuseumzuAnkara.Istanbul
ABRT J.A.Craig(1895–7).AssyrianandBabylonianReligious
Texts.Leipzig
ABSA AnnualoftheBritishSchoolatAthens.London
aBZL C.Mittermayer(2006).AltbabylonischeZeichenlisteder
sumerisch-literarischenTexte.UnterMitarbeitvonPascal
Attinger.FribourgandGöttingen
AfO ArchivfürOrientforschung.Vienna
AHS T.W.Allen,W.R.Halliday,andE.E.Sikes(1936).The
HomericHymns.2ndedn.Oxford
AHw AkkadischesHandwörterbuch.Wiesbaden
AOAT AlterOrientundAltesTestament.Münster
ASJ ActaSumerologica.Hiroshima
AUWE AusgrabungeninUruk-Warka.Endberichte.Mainz
BCH Bulletindecorrespondancehellénique.Paris
BE TheBabylonianExpeditionoftheUniversityof
Pennsylvania.Philadelphia
BL S.Langdon(1913).BabylonianLiturgies.Oxford
BLT A.R.George(2009).BabylonianLiteraryTextsinthe
SchøyenCollection.Bethesda,MD
BPOA Bibliotecadelpróximoorienteantiguo.Madrid
BWL W.G.Lambert(1996).BabylonianWisdomLiterature.
WinonaLake,IN
CAD TheAssyrianDictionaryoftheOrientalInstituteofthe
UniversityofChicago.Chicago
CDLI CuneiformDigitalLibraryInitiative[website],
<http://www.cdli.ucla.edu>
CHD TheHittiteDictionaryoftheOrientalInstituteofthe
UniversityofChicago.Chicago
CLL H.C.Melchert(1993).CuneiformLuvianLexicon.Chapel
Hill,NC
CMaWR T.AbuschandD.Schwemer(2011).Corpusof
MesopotamianAnti-WitchcraftRituals.Leiden
Coll.deClerq M.deClerqandM.J.Menant(1888).CollectiondeClercq.
Catalogueméthodiqueetraisonné.Paris
OUPCORRECTEDPROOF–FINAL,1/4/2015,SPi
Abbreviations ix
CT CuneiformTextsfromBabylonianTablets,&c.,intheBritish
Museum.London
CTH E.Laroche(1971).Cataloguedestexteshittites.Paris.
S.KošakandG.G.W.Müller<hethiter.net/:>Catalog
(2012-08-08)[website],<http://www.hethport.uni-
wuerzburg.de/CTH>
DGS A.H.Jagersma(2010).‘ADescriptiveGrammarof
Sumerian’,Ph.Dthesis,LeidenUniversity
DK H.DielsandW.Kranz(1989).DieFragmenteder
Vorsokratiker.Zurich
EDG R.Beekes(2010).EtymologicalDictionaryofGreek.Leiden
ELS P.Attinger(1993).Elémentsdelinguistiquesumérienne.La
constructiondedu /e/di‘dire’.FreiburgandGöttingen
11
ETCSL TheElectronicTextCorpusofSumerianLiterature
[website],<http://etcsl.orinst.ox.ac.uk>
FAOS FreiburgerAltorientalischeStudien.Wiesbaden
F–B W.D.FurleyandJ.M.Bremer(2001).GreekHymns:
SelectedCultSongsfromtheArchaictotheHellenistic
Period.Tübingen
FGrHist F.Jacoby(1954–8).DieFragmentedergriechischen
Historiker.Leiden
FM Florilegiummarianum.Paris
Fouillesde Écolefrançaised’Athènes.FouillesdeDelphes.Paris
Delphes
Frisk H.Frisk(1960–70).Griechischesetymologisches
Wörterbuch.Heidelberg
GAG W.vonSoden(1995).Grundrissderakkadischen
Grammatik.3.,ergänzteAuflage.Rome
Gazetteer A.R.George(1993).HouseMostHigh:TheTemplesof
AncientMesopotamia.WinonaLake,IN,63–161.
GIBM CollectionofAncientGreekInscriptionsintheBritish
Museum.Oxford
HAV HilprechtAnniversaryVolume.StudiesinAssyriologyand
ArchaeologydedicatedtoHermannV.Hilprecht...byhis
Colleagues,FriendsandAdmirers.Leipzig
HEG HethitischesetymologischesGlossar.Innsbruck
HFAC G.BeckmanandH.A.Hoffner,Jr(1985).‘Hittite
FragmentsinAmericanCollections’,JournalofCuneiform
Studies,37:1–60
HG H.A.Hoffner,JrandH.C.Melchert(2008).AGrammarof
theHittiteLanguage.WinonaLake,IN
HGL HandbuchdergriechischenLiteraturderAntike.Munich
Description:Many scholars today believe that early Greek literature, as represented by the great poems of Homer and Hesiod, was to some extent inspired by texts from the neighbouring civilizations of the ancient Near East, especially Mesopotamia. It is true that, in the case of religious poetry, early Greek poe