The Economy of Odisha: A Profile

642 Pages·2016·6.834 MB·English

by  Pulin Nayak, Prasanta K. Pattanaik, Santosh Panda

Title Pages
The Economy of Odisha: A Profile
Pulin B. Nayak, Santosh C. Panda, and Prasanta K. Pattanaik
Print publication date: 2016
Print ISBN-13: 9780199464784
Published to Oxford Scholarship Online: June 2016
DOI: 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780199464784.001.0001
Title Pages
(p.i) The Economy of Odisha (p.ii)
(p.iii) The Economy of Odisha
(p.iv)
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Dedication
The Economy of Odisha: A Profile
Pulin B. Nayak, Santosh C. Panda, and Prasanta K. Pattanaik
Print publication date: 2016
Print ISBN-13: 9780199464784
Published to Oxford Scholarship Online: June 2016
DOI: 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780199464784.001.0001
Dedication
(p.v) With deep respect, we dedicate this book to the memory of Maa Ramadevi
Choudhury, who devoted her life to serving the poor and whom millions in
Odisha affectionately called ‘maa’ (‘mother’). (p.vi)
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Tables, Figures, and Boxes
The Economy of Odisha: A Profile
Pulin B. Nayak, Santosh C. Panda, and Prasanta K. Pattanaik
Print publication date: 2016
Print ISBN-13: 9780199464784
Published to Oxford Scholarship Online: June 2016
DOI: 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780199464784.001.0001
(p.xi) Tables, Figures, and Boxes
Tables
I.1 Summary of results: Growth rates of GSDP 7
1.1 Percentage share of major crops in total cropped area and their
growth, 1980–81 to 2009–10 34
1.2 Percentage share of major crops in total production and their growth,
1980–81 to 2009–10 37
1.3 Levels and growth of yield of major crops, 1980–81 to 2009–10 40
2.1 Distribution of ownership of holdings by size-class in rural areas of
Odisha and India, 1971–72 to 2003 64
2.2 Distribution of operational holdings by size-class in rural Odisha,
1970–71 to 2010–11 66
2.3 Distribution of ownership of holdings by size-class in rural Odisha
across social groups, 2003 69
2.4 Distribution of operational holdings by size-class in rural Odisha
across social groups, 2010–11 69
2.5 Distribution of operational holdings by size-class in rural Odisha
across gender, 2010–11 72
2.6 Distribution of operational holdings by size-class in rural Odisha
across districts, 2005–06 73
2.7 Distribution of operational holdings by their tenancy characteristics in
rural Odisha across districts, 2005–06 76
2.8 Proportion of tenant holdings and operated area leased-in for Odisha
and India, 1981–82 to 2002–03 79
(p.xii) 2.9 Incidence of leased-out and leased-in, average area leased-in,
and area under leased-in as a proportion of owned area in Odisha and
India, 2002–03 80
2.10 Proportion of area leased-out/leased-in by type of tenancy for Odisha
and India, 2002–03 80
Page 1 of 8
Tables, Figures, and Boxes
3.1 Incidence of unemployment in rural Odisha: 55th to 66th rounds of
the NSS 90
3.2 Incidence of unemployment in rural Odisha according to activity
status, 1999–2000, 2004–05, and 2009–10 (%) 91
3.3 Unemployment rate (%) in rural Odisha for different age groups,
1999–2000, 2004–05, and 2009–10 93
3.4 Unemployment rate (%) for all persons according to different status
approaches in rural Odisha and India, 1999–2000, 2004–05, and 2009–10
93
3.5 Relationship between unemployment rates and incidence of poverty in
rural Odisha (%) 96
3.6 Interregional differences in the relationship between poverty and
unemployment rates in the state (%) 96
3.7 Annual CPIAL, nominal and real wages of men and women field
labourers in Odisha, 1994–95 to 2010–11 99
3.8 Average daily real wages (Rs) for agricultural field labourers, other
semi-skilled, and unskilled rural workers in Odisha (base = 1986–87) 100
3.9 Variation in the real wages (Rs) of farm labourers in different districts
of Odisha 103
4.1 Odisha’s share in India’s total manufacture 113
4.2 Decadal share and growth of industry and manufacturing in Odisha,
1971–2012 (%) 123
4.3 Organized manufacturing sector in Odisha, 1951–2010 126
4.4 Growth rates (%) of organized manufacturing sector in Odisha, 1951–
2010 127
(p.xiii) 4.5 District-wise large-scale industries in Odisha, 2012 128
4.6 Large-scale industries in Odisha, 1973–2012 129
4.7 Category-wise growth of large-scale industries in Odisha, 1973–2012
130
4.8 Sector-wise MoUs signed till 2010–11 131
4.9 Growth of SSIs/MSMEs in Odisha 132
4.10 Growth rate (%) of SSIs/MSMEs in Odisha 133
4.11 Number of units and investment in MSMEs across sectors in Odisha,
2010–11 134
4.12 Growth rates (%) of handicraft and cottage industry in Odisha, 1988–
2012 135
4.13 Growth rates (%) of handloom industry in Odisha, 1985–2012 136
4.14 Production of tassar, mulberry, and eri cocoons in Odisha, 2007–11
137
5.1 Mineral occurrence and geographical location 143
5.2 Odisha’s share in the mineral reserves of India 145
5.3 State-wise contribution to the total minerals produced in India at
current prices, 2007–08 to 2009–10 146
5.4 Share of different minerals in the total mineral production 147
Page 2 of 8
Tables, Figures, and Boxes
5.5 Share of mining and quarrying in the GSDP and the annual average
growth rate of the same sector (%) 148
5.6 Annual growth rates of major mining industries in Odisha (%) 150
5.7 Share of export in total output of selected major minerals 151
5.8 Growth of internal consumption and export of major minerals in
Odisha (%) 153
5.9 Major destination of iron ore export from India, 1990–91 to 2011–12
154
5.10 Price of major minerals of particular grade in India, 1991–92 to
2009–10 156
5.11 Year-wise number of workers directly employed in major mineral
activities 158
(p.xiv) 5.12 Contribution of mining industry to Odisha’s total own
revenue 160
5.13 Percentage share of minerals in total mineral revenue 161
5.14 Diversion of forest for non-forest use 164
5.15 Status of ambient air quality in residential areas of different mining
cities and towns of Odisha, 2009 (µg/m3) 166
5.16 Quality of water discharged by the chromite mining firms from their
effluent treatment plants in Sukinda valley 168
6.1 POL, iron ore, and coal handled at Paradip Port, 1985–86 to 2010–11
(’000 tonnes) 188
6.2 Various profit/loss concepts in the power sector 216
7.1 Water requirement for different uses for Odisha (BCM) 237
7.2 Per capita water availability by river basins, 2001 and 2015 238
7.3 Forest cover change matrix, 2001–11 (km2) 247
7.4 Revenue generated from the forestry sector in Odisha (Rs crore) 249
7.5 Contribution of forestry and logging in Odisha (Rs lakh) 250
7.6 Revenue and expenditure of Forest and Environment Department,
Government of Odisha (Rs crore) 250
7A.1 State-wise share of irrigated area under principal crops, 2007–08
259
7A.2 District-wise irrigation potential created, 2010–11 259
7A.3 District-wise forest cover in Odisha, 2001 and 2011 (area in km2)
261
8.1 Natural disasters in Odisha: A chronology 275
8.2 Flood-affected districts, 1975–2011 277
8.3 Drought-affected districts, 1975–2011 280
8.4 Cyclone-affected districts, 1975–2011 284
8.5 Heat wave-affected districts, 1975–2011 286
(p.xv) 8.6 Natural disasters in Odisha (monthly frequency), 1975–96 288
8.7 Casualties due to lightning in Odisha, 2001–10 289
8.8 Coefficient estimates of natural disaster impacts on GSDP of Odisha
and state’s GSDP from agriculture and animal husbandry sectors 291
Page 3 of 8
Tables, Figures, and Boxes
9.1 Literacy rate of Odisha vis-à-vis 15 major states of India, 2011 306
9.2 Primary enrolment and gender parity index in Odisha (enrolment
figures in ’000) 307
9.3 Upper primary enrolment and gender parity index in Odisha
(enrolment figures in ’000) 308
9.4 Secondary-level enrolment and gender parity index in Odisha
(enrolment figures in ’000) 309
9.5 Enrolment at higher secondary level and gender parity index in
Odisha (enrolment figures in ’000) 310
9.6 Transition rates of enrolment to upper primary and secondary levels
in Odisha vis-à-vis select states of the country 312
9.7 Transition rate to higher secondary level in Odisha vis-à-vis select
states of the country 313
9.8 Odisha state-level GER and NER, 2002–03 to 2011–12 314
9.9 Educational outcome of Odisha vis-à-vis other major states of India,
2009–10 315
9.10 Odisha state-level dropout rate, 2002–03 to 2011–12 316
9.11 Literacy rate (%) across the districts of Odisha 319
9.12 Enrolment at different levels of education across the districts of
Odisha (in ’000) 321
9.13 GPI among the districts of Odisha 324
9.14 Percentage share of girl students, SC, and ST in Odisha in
elementary level, 2011–12 325
9.15 Transition rates (%) up to secondary education across the districts of
Odisha, 2007–08 326
9.16 Transition rates (%) up to secondary level across the districts of
Odisha, 2010–11 328
(p.xvi) 9.17 Educational outcomes (%) among the select districts of
Odisha 331
9.18 Status of Odisha according to education indicators among 15 major
states, 2009–10 340
9.19 Status of the districts of Odisha in teacher characteristics 344
9.20 Status of the districts of Odisha in facilities at elementary level in
government schools (%) 346
10.1 Demographic, economic, and health profile of Odisha as compared to
figures for the rest of India 353
10.2 Interstate comparison of life expectancy, 2002–15 354
10.3 Birth rate, death rate, and IMR in India vis-à-vis Odisha as per SRS
bulletin 357
10.4 Health infrastructure in Odisha vis-à-vis India, as on March 2011 359
10.5 Total medical institutions and hospital beds in Odisha as per SRS
2009–10, 2003–04, and 2011–12 361
10.6 District-wise government and private allopathic medical institutions
in Odisha with beds, as on 31 March 2011 363
Page 4 of 8
Tables, Figures, and Boxes
10.7 System load in government hospitals of Odisha 365
10.8 Health expenditure of the GoO (Rs crore) 370
10.9 Malaria cases, deaths, and CF rate, 2000–10 373
10.10 Registered tuberculosis patients and their mortality rate, 2005–10
375
11.1 Poverty estimates for Odisha and India 384
11.2 Poverty lines (Rs) and poverty head count ratio (%), 2004–05 386
11.3 Poverty head count ratio (%) in India, 1993–94 and 2004–05 387
11.4 Elasticities of national poverty measures to economic growth in
India, 1958–91 388
11.5 Poverty gap, FGT, and Gini for rural and urban areas in India 390
11.6 Poverty head count ratio (%) for Odisha and India by the Tendulkar
Committee methodology 391
(p.xvii) 11.7 Head count ratio (%) by social classes for rural Odisha as
per Tendulkar Committee poverty line 392
11.8 Incidence of poverty by NSS regions of rural Odisha by the
Tendulkar Committee’s poverty line HCR (%) 393
11.9 Number of blocks under different categories of development groups
395
11.10 Population share of the poorest and the richest states in the all-
India percentile classes (rural) 397
11.11 Population share of the poorest and the richest states in the all-
India percentile classes (urban) 398
11.12 District-wise population proportion, MPCE, HCR, and LR-S for rural
and urban sectors in Odisha 399
11.13 District-wise comparison of HDI, GDI, and infrastructure
development index, 2001 403
12.1 Estimated per capita calorie intake per day in different years: Major
Indian states 421
12.2 Per capita protein intake per day in different years: Major states 422
12.3 Per capita fat intake per day in different years: Major states 423
12.4 Malnutrition among children 0–3 years: Percentage of children
under three years 427
12.5 Malnutrition among adults (15–49 years): Percentage below normal
BMI 428
12.6 Prevalence of anaemia (%) 429
12.7 Rural–urban differentials (%) 429
12.8 Estimates of MPCE (Rs) for Odisha by quintiles, 2009–10 435
12.9 Estimates of MPCE (Rs) for Odisha by region and social group,
2009–10 435
12.10 Share of total consumption expenditure (%) 436
12.11 Social group-wise average per capita monthly consumption (kg) of
food items in Odisha, 2009–10 437
Page 5 of 8
Tables, Figures, and Boxes
(p.xviii) 14.1 Trends in fiscal imbalance of Odisha (percentage of gross
state domestic product [GSDP]) 486
14.2 Trends in revenue receipts and expenditure (percentage of GSDP)
488
14.3 Pattern of public expenditure 489
14.4 Expenditure on social services in Odisha (revenue + capital) 492
Figures
I.1(a) The rates of growth of Odisha’s GSDP at constant (1980–81) prices
and the rates of growth of India’s GDP at constant (1993–94) prices (all
rates calculated on the basis of three-year moving averages), 1983–84 to
1994–95 5
I.1(b) The rates of growth of Odisha’s GSDP at constant (2004–05) prices
and India’s GDP at constant (2004–05) prices (all rates calculated on the
basis of three-year moving averages), 1996–97 to 2011–12 5
I.2(a) Per capita net state domestic product (NSDP) of Odisha at constant
(2004–05) prices, 2000–01 to 2011–12 (Rs) 8
I.2(b) Per capita net state domestic product (NSDP) of Odisha, expressed
as a percentage of the per capita net national product (NNP) of India,
2000–01 to 2011–12 9
I.2(c) Per capita net state domestic product (NSDP) of Odisha, expressed
as percentages of per capita NSDPs of Andhra Pradesh and West Bengal,
2000–01 to 2011–12 10
I.3 The shares of primary, secondary, and tertiary sectors in the GSDP of
Odisha (calculated on the basis of three-year moving averages), 1982–83
to 2009–10 11
2.1 Lorenz curve of land ownership distribution (including landless) in
Odisha, 1971–72 to 2003 65
(p.xix) 3.1 Relationship between poverty and unemployment under UPS
and CDS 97
3.2 Average daily nominal and real wages for agricultural field labourers
in Odisha (base = 1986–87) 101
5.1 Growth trend of mining and quarrying sector in India 149
5.2 Sectoral contribution (%) of employment in the Odisha mining
industry 158
6.1 Road classification 177
6.2 Distribution of road types in Odisha, by the end of 2010–11 177
6.3 Total road length (km) in Odisha, 1990–91 to 2010–11 179
6.4 Length of roads (km) completed each year in Odisha under PMGSY
180
6.5 Percentage of surfaced roads in Odisha, 1990–91 to 2010–11 180
6.6 Percentage of surfaced-to-total road length across states by the end of
2010 –11 181
Page 6 of 8
Tables, Figures, and Boxes
6.7 Number of vehicles (in lakh) on road in Odisha, 2004–05 to 2010–11
182
6.8 Railways density (route length per 1,000 km2) across states, 1990–91
183
6.9 Railways density (route length per 1,000 km2) across states, 2007–08
184
6.10 Cargo traffic (million tonnes) at ports across maritime states, 2010–
11 186
6.11 Cargo traffic handled at Paradip Port, 1970–71 to 2010–11 (million
tonnes) 187
6.12 Cargo volume of POL (crude and products), iron ore, and coal
handled at Paradip Port, 1985–86 to 2010–11 (’000 tonnes) 189
6.13 Net before-tax surplus of Paradip Port, 1995–96 to 2010–11 (Rs
crore) 190
6.14 Organization of the power sector in Odisha 192
6.15 Installed capacity across states, 1975–76 (mW) 197
(p.xx) 6.16 Total installed capacity and installed capacity by the state
sector in Odisha (mW) 198
6.17 Installed capacity by captive power plants in Odisha, 1995–96 to
2009–10 (mW) 198
6.18 Average annual percentage growth rate of capacity: State sector,
CPPs, and total, 1999–2000 to 2009–10 199
6.19 Gross power generation, 1995–96 to 2009–10, and power availability
in Odisha, 2002–03 to 2008–09 (GWh) 200
6.20 T&D losses across states, 1991–92 (%) 201
6.21 T&D-plus losses and T&D losses (%) 202
6.22 AT&C losses in Odisha, 1999–2000 to 2009–10 (%) 203
6.23 Peak and energy surplus/deficit in Odisha, 1991–92 to 2010–11 (%)
203
6.24 Per capita electricity consumption across states, 1975–76 (kW) 204
6.25 Un-adjusted per capita consumption of electricity in Odisha relative
to India (kW) 205
6.26 Adjusted per capita consumption of electricity in Odisha relative to
India (kW) 206
6.27 Percentage of households—rural and urban combined—electrified
across states by 2001 Census 207
6.28 Percentage of villages electrified across states by the end of 1995–96
208
6.29 Percentage of households in rural areas electrified across states by
2001 Census 209
6.30 Percentage of villages electrified in Odisha as per 2001 Census
count of villages, 2005–06 to 2012 210
6.31 Percentage of villages electrified across districts, 2010–11 211
6.32 Composition of electricity sales in Odisha, 2009–10 (%) 211
Page 7 of 8