The Bouleuterion at Ephesos

241 Pages·2011·14.8 MB·English

by  Lionel Bier

Lionel Bier (†)
The BouLeuTerion aT ephesos
Forschungen in ephesos
herausgegeben vom
Österreichischen Archäologischen institut
in Wien
BAnd iX/5
gemeinsam veröffentlicht vom
Österreichischen Archäologischen institut
in Wien
und der
Österreichischen AkAdemie der
WissenschAFten in Wien
Forschungen in ephesos iX/5
lionel Bier (†)
The Bouleuterion at Ephesos
With contributions by
maria Aurenhammer, Thorsten opper, ursula Quatember,
hans taeuber, hilke Thür
preparation of the manuscript
maria Aurenhammer, ursula Quatember, hilke Thür
proofreading of the english text
sarah cormack
editing
Barbara Beck-Brandt, ursula Quatember
Vorgelegt von w. M. Friedrich Krinzinger in der sitzung am 17. oktober 2008
Gedruckt mit unterstützung des
Fonds zur Förderung der wissenschaftlichen Forschung
Cover
photo: Friedrich Krinzinger (© Öai)
Frontispiz
photo: Friedrich Krinzinger
Die verwendete papiersorte ist aus chlorfrei gebleichtem Zellstoff hergestellt,
frei von säurebildenden Bestandteilen und alterungsbeständig.
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isBn 978-3-7001-6541-5
Copyright © 2011 by
Österreichische akademie der Wissenschaften
Wien
redaktion: Barbara Beck-Brandt, ursula Quatember
satz und Tafelerstellung: andrea sulzgruber
Druck und Bindung: prime rate Kft., Budapest
http://hw.oeaw.ac.at/6541-5
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Lionel Bier (1942 – 2004)
“The setting was splendidly theatrical. The neo-Gothic
council chamber of the new town hall (Rathaus), with its
frescoes of medieval history, Gobelins, and ornately carved
chairs, looked more as if it were designed for the Minnesingers’
contest in Tannhäuser than for debating such mundane matters
as school levies and contracts for laying gas mains.”
Carl Dolmetsch, ‘“Our Famous Guest,” Mark Twain in Vienna’(Athens, Georgia 1992) 62 f., describing
Friedrich von Schmidt’s new Rathaus, completed in 1885.

7
TABLE OF CONTENTS
PREFACE (S. Ladstätter) ......................................................................................................... 11
INTRODUCTION (M. Aurenhammer – U. Quatember – H. Thür) ................................................... 13
ABBREVIATIONS ................................................................................................................ 15
LIST OF ILLUSTRATIONS .................................................................................................... 23
1. EXCAVATION HISTORY AND STATE OF RESEARCH .......................................................... 25
2. BUILDING DESCRIPTION ................................................................................................. 31
2.1 Auditorium ................................................................................................................... 31
2.1.1 The Retaining Wall ................................................................................................. 31
2.1.2 The Rear Wall and Pilasters ...................................................................................... 31
2.1.3 The Cavea ............................................................................................................. 32
2.1.4 The Analemmata .................................................................................................... 34
2.1.5 Vaulted Chambers ................................................................................................... 36
2.1.6 Vaulted Staircases and Vomitoria ............................................................................... 36
2.2 Orchestra and Pulpitum ................................................................................................... 37
2.3 The Scene ..................................................................................................................... 38
2.3.1 The Scene Wall ...................................................................................................... 38
2.3.2 Scaenae Frons ........................................................................................................ 41
2.3.3 The Pedestals ......................................................................................................... 41
2.3.4 Paving of Pulpitum and Parodoi ................................................................................ 43
2.3.5 The Entrances from the Basilica Stoa .......................................................................... 43
2.3.6 Corridor ................................................................................................................. 44
2.4 The Tall Arched Doorways ............................................................................................... 44
3. PHASING AND RECONSTRUCTION .................................................................................. 47
3.1 W. Alzinger’s Theories concerning a Hellenistic Bouleuterion ................................................ 47
3.2 The Earliest Identifiable Bouleuterion ................................................................................ 48
3.3 The Conversion of the Scaenae Frons from Phase 1 to Phase 2 (U. Quatember) .......................... 50
3.4 Renovations by Vedius in the Mid-Second Century ............................................................... 51
3.5 The Bouleuterion after Vedius .......................................................................................... 52
3.6 The Roofing Problem ...................................................................................................... 53
4. THE SCAENAE FRONS OF P. VEDIUS ANTONINUS ............................................................ 57
4.1 The Pedestals ................................................................................................................ 58
4.2 General Remarks on the Elevation of the Scaenae Frons ........................................................ 58
4.3 Column Bases ............................................................................................................... 59
4.4 Column Shafts ............................................................................................................... 59
4.5 Capitals of the Lower Order ............................................................................................. 60
4.6 The Architrave-Frieze Course of the Lower Story ................................................................. 60
4.7 The Cornice of the First Story and the Height of the Order ..................................................... 61
4.8 The Upper Order ............................................................................................................ 61
4.9 The Fallen Arches and the Question of Windows (H. Thür) .................................................... 62
8 TABLE OF CONTENTS
5. ARCHITECTURAL DECORATION (U. Quatember) ................................................................ 65
5.1 Architectural Decoration of the Bouleuterion Scaenae Frons ................................................... 65
5.1.1 Bases and Moldings ................................................................................................ 65
5.1.2 Corinthian Capitals ................................................................................................. 66
5.1.3 Architrave Frieze of the Lower Story .......................................................................... 67
5.1.4 Architrave of the Upper Story ................................................................................... 68
5.2 The Bouleuterion Ornaments in Context: The Buildings of the Vedii ........................................ 68
5.2.1 Methodology: Patterns and their Combination .............................................................. 68
5.2.2 Buildings Commissioned by the Vedii and their Ornamentation ....................................... 69
5.2.2.1 Vedius Gymnasium ....................................................................................... 69
5.2.2.2 East Gymnasium .......................................................................................... 70
5.2.2.3 Monopteros along the Road to Magnesia ........................................................... 70
5.3 Similarities and Dissimilarities of the Vedii Structures ........................................................... 71
6. MATERIALS AND TECHNIQUES ....................................................................................... 75
6.1 Materials ...................................................................................................................... 75
6.2 Stone Working ............................................................................................................... 75
6.3 Clamps and Dowels ........................................................................................................ 76
6.4 Lifting ......................................................................................................................... 77
6.5 Revetment .................................................................................................................... 78
6.6 Petit appareil ................................................................................................................. 78
6.7 Brickwork .................................................................................................................... 78
6.8 Paving ......................................................................................................................... 79
7. BUILDING TYPOLOGY AND DATE .................................................................................... 81
7.1 Architectural Context and Date .......................................................................................... 81
7.2 Semicircular Odeia and Bouleuteria ................................................................................... 81
7.3 The Smaller Non-Inscribed Roofed Theaters ....................................................................... 82
7.4 The Bouleuterion in its First Phase .................................................................................... 83
7.5 The Vedius Phase ........................................................................................................... 85
8. THE INSCRIPTIONS (H. Taeuber) ........................................................................................ 87
8.1 Architectural Inscriptions ................................................................................................. 87
8.1.1 Inscription on the Upper Architrave ............................................................................ 87
8.1.2 Inscription on the Lower Frieze ................................................................................. 88
8.1.3 Inscription on the Lower Architrave ........................................................................... 89
8.2 Imperial Letters and Honors ............................................................................................. 90
8.2.1 Letter of Hadrian to Ephesos regarding the Captain Philokyrios ....................................... 90
8.2.2 Letter of Hadrian to Ephesos regarding the Captain L. Erastus ......................................... 91
8.2.3 Letter of Antoninus Pius to the Ephesians concerning the Conflict over Honorary City
Titles .................................................................................................................... 91
8.2.4 Letter of Antoninus Pius to the Demos of Ephesos concerning Building Activities
of Vedius Antoninus .............................................................................................. 92
8.2.5 Letter of Antoninus Pius in Acknowledgement of a Decree of the Ephesians respecting
Vedius Antoninus .................................................................................................. 93
8.2.6 Letter of Antoninus Pius .......................................................................................... 94
8.2.7 Honorary Inscription for Hadrian ............................................................................... 95
8.3 Inscriptions on Statue Bases ............................................................................................. 96
8.3.1 Statue of Lucius Verus, erected by Vedius .................................................................... 96
8.3.2 Basis of a Statue of Marcus Aurelius .......................................................................... 96
8.3.3 Inscribed Base of Statue identifying a Daughter of Marcus Aurelius ................................. 97
8.3.4 Basis of a Statue of Demos ....................................................................................... 97