Textbook of Palliative Medicine (Hodder Arnold Publication)

1130 Pages·2006·7.66 MB·English

by  Eduardo Bruera

Textbook of Palliative Medicine
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Textbook of Palliative Medicine
Edited by
Eduardo Bruera MD
Professor and Chair, Department of Palliative Care and
Rehabilitation Medicine, U.T. MD Anderson Cancer Center,
Houston, Texas, USA
Irene J HigginsonBMed Sci BMBS FFPHM PhD FRCP
Professor and Head of Department, Department of
Palliative Care, Policy and Rehabilitation, King’s College
London, UK; Scientific Director, The Cicely Saunders
Foundation, UK
Carla Ripamonti MD
Head, Day-Hospital and Outpatient Clinic of Pain Therapy
and Palliative Care, Rehabilitation and Palliative Care
Operative Unit, National Cancer Institute, Milan, Italy
Charles F von Gunten MD PhD
Director, Center for Palliative Studies, San Diego Hospice
and Palliative Care, San Diego, California, USA
Hodder Arnold
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First published in Great Britain in 2006 by
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©2006 Edward Arnold (Publishers) Ltd
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Whilst the advice and information in this book are believed to be true and accurate at the
date of going to press, neither the author[s] nor the publisher can accept any legal
responsibility or liability for any errors or omissions that may be made. In particular, (but
without limiting the generality of the preceding disclaimer) every effort has been made to
check drug dosages; however it is still possible that errors have been missed. Furthermore,
dosage schedules are constantly being revised and new side-effects recognized. For these
reasons the reader is strongly urged to consult the drug companies’ printed instructions
before administering any of the drugs recommended in this book.
British Library Cataloguing in Publication Data
A catalogue record for this book is available from the British Library
Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data
A catalog record for this book is available from the Library of Congress
ISBN: 978 0 340 810 187
2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10
Commissioning Editor: Sarah Burrows
Project Editor: Naomi Wilkinson
Production Controller: Joanna Walker
Cover Design: Georgina Hewitt
Typeset in 10/12 pts Minion by Charon Tec Ltd (A Macmillan Company), Chennai, India
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Printed and bound in the UK by MPG Books
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To Ed, Sofia and Sebastian
EB
To Kathleen and Leslie Higginson
IH
To Andrea, Francesca, Maria, Felice, Dario, Maddalena, and Fausto Ripamonti
CR
Dedicated to the staff and benefactors of San Diego Hospice and Palliative Care for
pursuing the mission of the academic hospice
CVG
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Contents
Contributors xiii
Dedication to Cicely Saunders xxv
Preface xxvii
List of abbreviations xxix
Reference annotation and evidence scores xxxiii
Part 1 The development of palliative medicine 1
1 The development of palliative medicine in the UK and Ireland 3
David Clark
2 The development of palliative medicine in Europe 12
Franco de Conno, Heidi Blumhuber, Javier Rocafort
3A The development of palliative care in Canada 22
Neil MacDonald
3B The development of palliative medicine in the USA 29
True Ryndes,Charles F von Gunten
4 The development of palliative medicine in Latin America 36
Roberto Wenk
5 The development of palliative medicine in Africa 42
Anne Merriman
6 The development of palliative medicine in Australia/New Zealand 49
J Norelle Lickiss
7 The development of palliative medicine in Asia 58
Rosalie Shaw
8 Palliative care versus palliative medicine 64
Eduardo Bruera,Ellen A Pace
9 Palliative care as a public heath issue 68
Joseph F O’Neill, R Cameron Wolf
10 The future of palliative medicine 77
Charles F von Gunten, Irene J Higginson
Part 2 Bioethics 83
11 Principles of bioethics in palliative care 85
Paulina Taboada
12 Ethics in the practice of palliative care 92
James A Tulsky
13 Dignity in palliative care 100
Susan E McClement,Harvey M Chochinov
viii Contents
Part 3 The problems and challenges of global reach 109
14 Transcultural palliative care 111
Carl Johan Fürst,Solvig Ekblad
15 Palliative care: global situation and initiatives 117
Liliana De Lima
Part 4 Education 127
16 Undergraduate education 129
Doreen Oneschuk
17 Graduate education 136
Ilora G Finlay,Simon I R Noble
18 Changing the norms of palliative care practice by changing the norms of education 146
Linda Emanuel
19 Public education 153
Sharon Baxter,Romayne Gallagher
Part 5 Research and audit 161
20 Challenges of research in palliative medicine 163
Irene J Higginson
21 The patient population: who are the subjects in palliative medicine research? 171
Jennifer Kapo,David Casarett
22 Study designs in palliative medicine 178
Massimo Costantini
23 Outcomes measurement in palliative care research 185
Joan M Teno
24 Ethics in palliative care research 192
Jonathan Koffman,Fliss Murtagh
25 Practical tips for successful research in palliative care 202
Eduardo Bruera,Ellen A Pace
26 Audit and quality improvement in palliative care research 208
Hsien-Yeang Seow,Sarah Myers,Joanne Lynn
Part 6 Organization and governance 215
27 Standards of care 217
Frank D Ferris
28 The adoption of palliative care. The engineering of organizational change 231
Winford E Holland
29 Cost avoidance and other financial outcomes for palliative care programs 238
J Brian Cassel,Thomas J Smith
30 Organization and support of the interdisciplinary team 245
Karen Macmillan,Bette Emery,Louise Kashuba
31 Population-based needs assessment for patient and family care 251
Irene J Higginson,Charles F von Gunten
32 The palliative care consult team 259
Alexie Cintron,Diane E Meier
33 Models of palliative care delivery 266
Badi El Osta,Eduardo Bruera
34 Palliative home care 277
Roberto Wenk
Contents ix
35 Day hospitals 285
Bruno Gagnon
36 Inpatient hospices 294
Jeremy Keen
37 The palliative care unit 301
Sharon Watanabe,Karen Macmillan
38 Combined care models 309
Frederick J Meyers,Anthony F Jerant
Part 7 Overview of assessment 317
39 Multidimensional assessment in palliative care 319
Ernesto Vignaroli,Eduardo Bruera
40 Tools for pain and symptom assessment in palliative care 333
Victor T Chang
41 Quality of life assessment in palliative care 349
S Robin Cohen
Part 8 Pain 357
42 Pathophysiology of chronic pain 359
Sebastiano Mercadante
43 Causes and mechanisms of pain in palliative care patients 367
Suresh K Reddy
44 Opioid analgesics 380
Per Sjøgren,Jørgen Eriksen
45 Assessment and management of opioid side effects 390
Catherine Sweeney,Cathryn Bogan
46 Adjuvant analgesic drugs 402
David Lussier,Russell K Portenoy
47 Alternative routes for systemic opioid delivery 415
Carla Ripamonti,Mauro Bianchi
48 Epidural and intrathecal analgesia and neurosurgical techniques in the palliative setting 431
Phillip C Phan,Madhuri Are,Samuel J Hassenbusch III,Allen W Burton
49 Topical administration of analgesics 450
Andreas Kopf,Steffen Schmidt,Christoph Stein
50 Pain and opioids in children 458
Richard D W Hain,Mary Devins, Angela Miser
51 Pain in older people 467
Wendy M Stein
52 Neuropathic pain 482
Marco Lacerenza,Fabio Formaglio,Lia Teloni,Paolo Marchettini
53 Bone pain 493
Yoko Tarumi
54 Episodic pain 505
Shirley H Bush
55 Somatization and pain expression 512
Marilu P Berry,Diane M Novy
56 Pain in patients with alcohol and drug dependence 517
Steven D Passik,Kenneth L Kirsh