Sustainable agriculture

43 Pages·2016·0.23 MB·English

SUSTAINABLE AGRICULTURE
Professor PhD
GABRIELA TEODORESCU,
Romania
INTRODUCTION

 The main objective of this project is to promote the sustainable agriculture
has become key words to horticultural and agricultural producers/farmers
in Ecuador.
 The promotion of sustainable agriculture should be a major objective of
the agriculture policy that will require enhanced administrative and
educational support.
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FACILITIES
 The significant facilities of the project are a feasibility study in Ecuador
based on existing applications of organic farming that would enhance
conversion of conventional agriculture in a competitive, organic
agriculture.
 One of the project action is the briefing (teaching studying) of farms
(public or private) for organic agriculture technology by using
questionnaires and local visits of the farms.
 Also, dissemination of information about research results in organic
agriculture and products.
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Types of AGRICULTURAL SYSTEMS
 Sustainable agriculture (integrated)-intensive production of
competitive products, harmonious, friendly relations with the
environment.
The terms frequently used “sustainable systems" means the
scientific, harmonious use of all the technological
components: for the work the soil, crop rotation, fertilization,
irrigation, pest and disease control through biological
methods, including from animal husbandry, storage,
processing and use of the residues from agricultural activities,
etc., for the achievement of high and stable yields in
agriculture (crops and livestock).

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 Conventional farming - intensive mechanized, with
competitive products, but which rely particularly on
concentration and specialization of production.
The various components of the system intensively applied
technology. Thus, soil aeration during regularly is performed
followed by numerous secondary works : seedbed
preparation and maintenance during the period of vegetation.
Mineral fertilization practice with high doses and very large
monoculture, or short rotations at most two, three years,
intensive chemical treatment to combat weeds, pests and
diseases.

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 Organic farming - less aggressive in relation to
environmental factors, less competitive economically in the
short term, but which are regarded as superior in terms of
quality.
In relation to the environment, this system is better, the
treatments used to combat pests and diseases are biological,
however, are accepted and low doses of mineral fertilizers
and pesticides.
For quality control of products is necessary to certify the
technologies used.
The products are sold on a special market.

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 Extensive agriculture with reduced inputs-subsistence, with
a weak competitive production.
May affect the environment, including the quality of biomass,
especially through the nutrition imbalances.
Mineral fertilisers and agrochemical substances (herbicides,
insecticidal, fungicidal mineral amendments), etc., are not
practically used (or applied only in very small quantities).
Also, hybrids and varieties are not performing on the wide
scale.

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 Precision agriculture - the most advanced form of
agriculture that is practiced even in the most developed
countries on smaller surfaces, based on the most modern
methods of quality control of various environmental
resources, the application of optimal time of all the
technological components and thus a strict control over
prospective factors that would lead to environmental
degradation.

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Agriculture Systems

 Sustainable agriculture systems (integrated) are
characterized by a productive activity multisectoral plant
production is always in direct relationship with the animal.
Sustainable agriculture systems, for the development of
productive activities intensive, competitive production results
are necessary the following measures:

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 great diversity of crop plants, but at the same time varieties
and hybrids with high genetic potential and adapt to local
conditions,
 perennial crops are used for both the needs of the livestock
sector, as well as for improving and preserving the structural
condition of the soil,
 perennial vegetable crops (and annual) are preferred for
improving balance of nitrogen in the soil (the crops are
introduced, after the main crop harvesting),

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